1981-11-25 — Page 26

日五廿月一十年一八九一圈公年十七國民藏中

育教庭家

「開拓者」

康樂家庭

‘战刚成立於一九七六年十月十二日,得到「服務,歡迎各界人士給與各項性質的一如 被圈数的任何人士使用或協助我國所提供的

義務工作樂於助人

[郗驀葚各髙品—於新學年的湖水需要。

他們言前所提供的當股務有三方面

·世 上很度之各科參考書研究

一長,寒員均湾中四或以上鬆控的年青朋友。 從感,而東服務 良友,實恼人成 會務—於習期間舉行, 既有雄之踏湖爭子。

和旧黨餘時間,適餈炷贊助人的精神及光識的古拉权發展經受,這使該團垝攤續發展下去。.. (二)拙供严考古斯·莫毂於用或時間段 使用熱衰服務詢問功課。在地方局限的境况下,

·国作於塑富及其隣近各減之同學,很可能他一直得不足,杳簒數量少及爾索證等問題,「穿强 然後服務,於開放時間解 質來有相當水平,從數字上顯示,摇繞在該書 三十多人,分由全體大全及幹事會處務。同 黨湼習及健茵之人数約二千多人,及約有十天

·本立至今,已是四年的光景,由初期的單 日付的青年組成。其流行局透過義務性質的服務支持。宣七七年六月時,他們作出决定,於謝期 腱,參闕書臺南之督導總数政风千大西册、及 ,對上选各區學生作出神曲,同時號此使團員熊問現那有芑蟲之「攜小電可服務」,她要所得 開拓者參閱書系驀工團」,是山一熱熱心於體內熱器柏級服務,而「門著公」也欣然作樹油」 一個國「讓括器」這個名字,「開拓者」泰名稱、計畫」精東後,這十四位精要不如, 這在數字實因示該围之服務,確維帶地家庭濟育

財雞,變成成具枳棋之米。現時,擁有關員

熱心服務廣結良緣

「開拓者參閱書室義工團」日有進展

,

▲

婚姻講座>

婚姻與擇偶

高罪、金錢 )任何擔嫔成調問可於辦公時饋到交關係,當着偶然的機會來從而能变,风是良緣,這樣坐井觀天的做

生更來得有意義。 ,犀示就说的眞籍,是生命之花吐款特最縻類的一個時期,也使港人 另一意要,也於「孤陰則不生,踢慢則不長」的生理與心理的照料 而宗枝,咳殺的說,是健全社會的組敵細胞,是繁榮社會的根基。而 婚頓者人之大盤也,狹義的說,是在於千關問顓,承先啟後,整 朱浩然

樹針般,不知何處梀? 一做大離粒,怨是你的赍內助?盡是你如意倻君?你時會覺得像火海。 求四之初,關於對象的選擇,是最重要的根基,也可說是締結良緣的。 ,事業的讥途,西至命湛的轉说,於結婚後傅連繫在一起。所以,在

· 不過,咸起結婚,並不轻一件纯單的爭情, 因爲男女雙方的生活

,國際 的就

! 有寫於求国傘題每年梃於骨年男女的心坎。 登於多十六年前 的變骨,而真正選歷的對象,又可遇而不可求。何另,抵會不當,注 與差別,甚至他住與家世等,不一而足。一般而嘗,既基於選擇件件 些好,志向,以及要求對議所具備的條件等,既有雙方的對比,後

衛將於餓然的機場。此種術步,實屬不合擇偶的軏點,使天下有情事, ,更有專家們提供意見,導入潮隱婚邇的坦途。 多個適合條件中奉心最捨,則雙方夙通可償,優坐在於「裸足總感」 諾,較育水站,專長,職業-俗仰,經濟狀兄,也高,透萆,健康, ,都可以前來登記,登記特在有關麥格上,應全無壁纸地把自己的年 的,並由婚過問題導照協助缕行,便有談愁選擇理想對象的青年男女 人終成眷窗,致特起設立「真善戋婚姻服務公司」,純然以服務為1. 【母親辨居間作外,亦來必願意接納,大都寧可以「靠碰運氣」方式。 中,再加上這種私事在自魏心的控制下不使坦白告訴於人前,就 生稍縱即逝,故不少青年男女對終身大事,因而陸陀戌月,年華老去

其實,現代婚照,必須納於科學化,再不能怨漫同學,同事成灶

經濟的能力,丘趣的懿班,学好與畢劾,肥瘦與高矮,年齡的大的小 ▲ 所不同 - 除對於理想對良的造型各有其主觀之外,有關事实的基礎, ,由於物色理想對染絕非易事,此中原因,當然基於各假联境而有

·法,是否合理?應採取何種途徑,大家不妨冷靜的想想。

「凡在我問衆會」之饪財,免費供峰地力約三百中

期發展都要肌月「让曹福利署」所提之「幹幹事師格9 华實踐計劃」,北與五百元,用作篇斯三個月的,該團辦公時間:帶瑚一至六:顺七蒔至九阳

益和對年是十分重要的 | 考試成績符,大發業 煜,甚至戬真地就消

今冬少女们流行的打扮-

談作爲逹到彩风的方法

去不同,他們已逐析联」,常能在社會上成功地, 父母的不對他們加以拒一期,對於自己將來的生學習是有一定步鷹的,

頁二第張七第

日九十月十年酉辛靨夏

WAH KIU YAT PO

郭日僑華

三期星

江癫的人年莎

·迷你裙將有捲土重來的苔製上高度比雅現另一個少年人不一鄭和路助,是會使他們活安排,已經開始注意别隨把自已的孩子

有烈,今少女們流行的打扮, 其傳春活氣息,國中所介帕的冬戰迷你裙配上長裔盈長,多麼神氣的原因,是由父母所影 | 裕望子女推☆服道些 法克股他們的養心理是會大惑迷惑與不安 藻上李煤失敗等,他們|好羞心遭所致,必須及到,或不夠理想,他性於淼生身还自來的心理 去遇到挫折,和婚姻不方面發生圓雄,是由於,做若道些际望不能造,使他們大母不安,控 明。做父母的本身在遁」格於不安狀態的。”,他們會對學校和帶來做天才,勉强他們李帶 有時少年人在交友,的選擇有所認造及奥求太多的事物,結果是會

【

都,因此對於子女就難

免不希望大;符實也甚一的障殿,對於少年的交

·衰之,孩子成母近

,才能消除在交友方面事故、做父母的一年後,特别是在少平或

交友:CJ交找朋友。此外,對於地性,安排好就業的基礎的發變化,有些是由 灰問題——兒一門交友的範圍·惠宮加,對於子女的學業,固於心理變臉的結果, ,少年人對於還些均會|友,還該早期加以指摸 選擇良好的學不安和煩悶的,這些不 教育 一品找機會讓他們獨立去 校,同時按照他們的僻一安有些是涼於生方面

·唐兹習助子女一時期,她會產生,核對。

少的你得覺你當老母父病

注要就,别特度熊些有女子年

......他助蒴和她意

「有啊,易引起不安的。父母都希

- 東興生球 生理可以下數點: 嫇惱:大致可分 郡上的發育和模化,恐、 一年墾的人,對於自己生

少年時瑚的一流枪到于安的腦中,只

他們疑惑與幻想。 此種消形下,難免不零 讓他們中悞案,在

家庭(二)米

好關係......少

度求產來轉,獨立生 關係年人雖热希望·

冉租狀,女孩子長掛

問題 證時期已經知

团。有些年紀人,會發覺,滋的建求受到用場,一台的貫默,更可藉此增强一般青年人的信心及推 留于女们的身材合探雄,舌,但他們維榭需要,一本年股十大傑出青年之一。該項掙點由香港苻年新趨勢。而目前應該切實做到的有三方面: ,特朋是在體格和容貌方,以邊到獨立,假若上,使此會大眾認識到年青一代的重要反他們對趾間亦限於小息或午膳,因而對進行工作常感困建一 哪,在生產上的變化很大。他們益要家人的帶助征鬥有特别超卓成就的肯年給予獎勵及公開表格上任及學校社會工作者人手短缺,按兒學生的時 ,從幼年媯期進入少年母的愛護及家庭的瞭望,商會主辦,目的是對香港社會發展有與飲及個人(一)學校社會工作服務...—由於學生蟎導

•自己一年比一般不同一人就會感到極大不安 取心,從而鼓勵他們努力逃社會服務,亦有这时你的

地使『危機」青少年納於正軌。 ,社會工作及警方三方面必須互相協調才能有效 她對本港青少年問題十分關注,認爲在教育

·最近被委任爲立法岛張台的鞬惠珠更當爲| 分長遠的青年政策,專上我育亦要能锂邵香港的

當選本年度十大傑出青年之一

立法局議員譚惠珠談抱負

到了少年克期,由於對訓練,學校教對對於兒,的期望太大,假若子女一帮助他們解决困難。 友,是十分天真的。但:(四)學校與工作」有些做父母的,對好,一女銀解沮些事實,而子

过交友,但是他們的交上不良份子,影响一生不能對他们要求太適。現染,然後才能助

道當的限制,以免交一然要時刻關心,但是絕父母的必須先瞭解逖些

狡磽某方面別人有逛巽

會和同年的少年人科地

一發展,作爲全港市民的霧機

·封單整的到這個選舉的宗竹良好,她希望年世人感不斷努力一

譚惠珠没示:池今次接受提名,主要是由於醬些特殊家庭

校的名單,對該區社工加以投手,則能有效地協

*此外·花祚尘方,是一些熟的少,許她太早和男朋友交往 逢星期三刊出 當大的衝勁和不安,特一方面的知識,往往不剃 | 突之下,她不得不以說 有歸屬感。本港未來性會發展亦全靠今日的浮少 術,少年人也裝環了科做父母的,對於性,太多活動,在這種德 ,生於斯,長於斯的年逬一代,大部份對香港都最後她表示:香港未來想要有趣的接班人 可待了國當的解摊與指導,才能免除在道方面的獨立,不願多受父母的出於正義感及同情心,接見多過二千三百個非法事先通知警力,使好方了解外族工作情况,以便 堂不同。但少年人本人是不容易瞭解的,必須之一,他鰭發風速向自由和竭誠服務,全力以赴爲民請命,言而不懼,她會 工作社工在工作之前,他們的名單及活勁範圍應 在內心會愧恐不安,以爵自己的身被發育不正常,是有限的。因爲號已一位,在短短兩年內,被選為食物餐生事務委員會探訪他的家庭,並建福接受輔導及帮助。 ,其實邀檢願無是不必要的,因爲每個人發有難 由幼時期[少年時期會主席及酒牌局的副主席。同時她更爲起無大衆人外罷工作者與警方加強聯......外展 有你社會各界讚續努力,求解决善法。 年。一項假界關心的問題:「少年犯粱閱顯」仍

·嗇束,但她的父母却不入境者,以縮定他們的身份及居留本港檐利。 密切聯察,在共同處理問選青少年案件時,更有 譚惠珠 對本海青少年問題亦十分開,她說效地引導「危」青少年納入正軌。 脊,四肢長短等等,他們所以要如此救出发母身執業大律師, 是市政局民選議員中最年慰的任感等。學校社工如在被內發現這些個案,必須 ,如寫紙,道哦,胸部發性朋友而向父母監院,,並有系统地教育自己,對社會作出世帜。她本,生活的質素。如無姻破裂導致父母對子女缺乏否

少年犯羿的媒介陈予了菇,香港本身亦想訂定一 一想,及教導學生人際關係的知識。法找對跨迪靑 不能單重考試,必須耱中國學觀念-哲學思 雪表張亂改善方法叫從教育入手,教學 媒介中亦不影就青少年的意識等,都是導致少 梭值接受香选式的英文教育,色情、暴力在雙唇 【錢物質引誘所致。其次,學校流招學生,助是黑 性會在學校活動;中國倫理觀念消失,青年在學 出現,失踪少女問題亦往往因爲少女抵受不住金 而又缺少零用,故有少女守校眏陪酒的事例 而忽晷了子女的招商,执上掛年人易受物質引誘 城解釋:由於香港生活港人“父母出工作

,那麼在教育,此會工作及警方三方面,必須互 和協調,共同努力,才戲獲致美出成果。一

鮮紅

L

1982

中學會考試題預習專欄

經濟及公共事務

| 明德出版社 ~

王璐光提供資料 ┗陳勵德 Economic and Publie Affairs(8)

K.K. Wong & L.T. Chan

Mirl & Dale Preas Ltd.

Money and Banking Central: banks and commercial banks- their functions and facilities

1. The functions of central bank,

AMA central bank is

the baak of a government. It is set up by the government and is non-profit- moking. Usually, a central bank is the nationalized -institution which

works with the government to carry. out the monetary policy and to promote the economic develop ment of the country. Its functions can be summarized as follows: to iasue legal tender

Currencies,

including banknotes and coins, are issued by the central bank under the supervision of the government, Since the amount of circulating currencies. can influence the purchasing power of the economy, govern ment is responsible for adjusting the amount of legal tender issued by the central: bank.

In a complex

monetary: economy, money servea

dynamic role in addition to being a medium of exchange. Government uay regulate the level of money and liquidity in the economy so as to achieve some desired policy objectives such as the control of inflation, the growth in the Gross National Product and the

improvement of balance

of payments.

2, to be the banks of

government

Government revenue

are usually stored in the central bank and

the public expenditore

and payments are done through them. A

central bank usually keeps

accounts of

the government.

departments,

3.to.be 'the advisor

government on financial and monetary policies'

The central bank acta as the advisor of government in all the matters about monetary and banking policies. The central bank may have an effective management team giving relevant information and suggestions to government 80 as to solve any economic problems and to help the economic development. 4.to keep the caah

reserves of private banks

It is a law that all the private banking institutions must deposit a part of their cash reserves in the central bank. Accordingly,

the central bank centralizes the cash reserves to protect the security and control the liquidity of the whole banking. system.

the

Whenever there in necessary for the private baike to borrow some money, central bank will back them up by lending them cnalı funds. If there is any financial crisis occurred in a private bank, the central bank is responsible for supporting it as far as possible in order that national economic stability can be waintained. 15.to be a bank of

central clearance. settlement and transfer

The central bank is the bankers bank. It provides the

facilities of

clearance of cheques. and the transfer of funds among banka. It is the place for the. hanks to clear their cheques,received from. their customers and drawn upon ather banks. In such a case, mutual indebtedness among the member banks may he cancelled and the: amount owned to any baaka would be calculated.

to supervise the operations of private banks. Para Ascentral bank. takes the responsi bility. to help the government to carry out the banking lave and to see and direct the work done by private banks... 7.to carry out monetary

policy

* The central bank

controls the note issue, accepts deposits from and makea loans to the commercial banks and money market in such way that it handles the: main tools of monetary policy in the country. For instances, inflation can be tackled by the.. monetary authority. through control of the quantity of money which is circulating. In addition, the Government can change the reserve ratio of the private banks, or change the discount rate and the rate of interest 'by adjusting the banking ordinances. so as to achieve the goala of monetary policy.

8. to keep gold reserves

and foreign exchange re serves of the

country

In order to

maintain: the stability. of the external value. of the national...... currency system, the central bank keeps the gold reserves and foreign exchange reserves to undertake the open market. operation by law of exchange control.

9, to offer facilities

to customers as an

commercial hank doea

The central bank also provides general banking services to the customers such as acceptance of deposits, loans and advances, renittance and other services.

. The functions and.

facilities provided in commercial banks

A commercial bank is a profit-making firm operated by private: individuals.

It is established for the purpose of seeking profita by way of offering various baaking: services. Banking laws and ordinances are set up to regulate the working of all commercial banke

The commercial banks operate brauches and directly deal with individual customers, They are operated under the supervision of government or central bank and play an active economic role. Their functions can be summarized as followa

1.to keep money for

customers

Commercial banks provide the services. that saving deposits, fixed deposits and demand deposits are accepted.Different rates of interest are applied to:various deposits together with the different ways withdrawing money. 2.to lend money to

customers

Loans and advances are granted to commerce and industry in order to earn the reward of interest on one hand, and promote the industrial and commercial development on the other. The loans and advances include short-term and long-term loans, advances, overdrafts aud,diacounted bills. of exchange. The Government plays the supervisory role to

regulate all deposit

taking institutions.

to create bank credit

Either a central bank or a commercial bank can bring about an increase of equal "amount ́in bank

deposits. In other words, when a bank makes an advance to a customer, whether by. overdraft or loan account, the result is an increase in totâ3: purchasing power.

For example, it a borrover has only

small balance to the credit of his account and he obtains an overdraft of $500, He can draw a cheque for this account and pay it to the creditor. If the creditor deposits it into his own account, the creditors account will have increased $500, In this

the borrow case,

by

accou

can only show a debit for: this account. In the combined banks! balance sheet.. advances and deposits will hoth have increased by $500. Ir there is any monetary discrepancy; the central bank should. have the power to control the expansion of bank:credit. 4.to offei the service.

of remittance:

Remittance means that

Remittance" means. that the money is transferred from one place to auother. Imagine that you want to send K8100 to your friend living in United States, you can. ask for the help of the Remittance Depart- ment in any commercial bank.

First of all, the Outward Remittance: Department would calculate how many US dollars your.. 100 HE dollars will buy on the foreign exchange market by referring to the dayte exchange rate. If the rate is HK$5 for US$1, your HK$100 will buy.

US$20. Therefore the

bankdraft for US$20. Next you can use a mail transfer. That is to say, the bank sends an airmail înstruction to its branch in United States to authorize the branchi

to pay your friend. the sum of tlie mondy. If it is very urgent for you to send the amount. of money, you can make use of the telegraph transfer although it would be more expensive..

5.to offer import and

export facilities.

Commercial banks offer a special service called documentary credit to help the promotion of business. It is the gurantee given by a bank that its customer

will pay for a shipment of goods if the correct documents are supplied as evidence that the shipment has been made Furthermore, the

credit Tine is the service provided to

好

allw.company

receive goods hefore paying for them.

b.to provide other

miscellaneous services to the customer such as

a)keeping valuables

for customers;. b)providing business

information and guidance; c)offering monthly

instalment payment loans;

d)helping clients in taxation problems; e)acting as the

underwritiers for new.stocka;. f)acting as the

executors of will. òn behalf of their clients;

g)issuing of credit

̇carde;

h)providing auto-pay

facilities;

selling gift cheques.

理