1981-05-04 — Page 23

真二第張六第日一物月四年酉辛

WAH KIU YAT - PO-

報日僑

b) the traditional"

1981

qualities like loyalty

中學會考試題預習專欄

and obedience to superiora,

v

the paw educational ayates that cultivated nationalistic ideas

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HISTORY (29)

Philip "Y.L. Woo

Hill & Däle. Press Ltd.

REASONS FOR THE SUCCESS OF THE MEIJI MODERNIZATION

1′′ Tradition of culture

borrowing - In her history, Japan had the experience of: borrowing from othe

cultures for many times. Thus it var cosy for Japan to imitate things Western in the Meiji period.

2, Foundation of Western

learning during the

Tokagawa period - Although

Japan vaá closed to foreign contact before 1853, Western learning could

slowly pass into the country. It van: koOWN B "Dutch Learning“, because Dutch traders brought it to Japan.. This prepared the gr ground. For the Meij modernization.

3. The Moifi Restoration aBS4 frash start - In 1968, the old ruling clasa vas overthrown. A nev generation of young! patriotic samurai gave good leadership for modernization. In China. reforms were carried out. by a declining dynasty. The Japanese' experience was therefore an advantage..

4. The allround nature of

reform Nor only Western military things, but also Vestern institutions and ideas, were adopted. Almost every part of Japanese society was affected.

5. The enthusiasn

Westernization

The

Japanese were in general enthusiastic for

westernization, except for

a small group, Thas

modernization programs were popularly supported.

6. Gradual implementation

The measures of the Meiji modernization were carried out gradually, not violently. Thus confusion or disturbance veret minimized. The 1968 Heiji Restoration was not a bloody revolution. Thus social stability vàs

ALLtd.

7. Strong

notional and social unity - The force of: nationalism vas very strong in Meiji Japon. This was becausé of:

a) the strong tradition of

bational unity and

identity.

Thus modernisation's programmes enjoyed the support of the people.

8. Little foreign intervention

- In general, Western imperialian was morer's serious in China than in Japan. Thus the Meiji government was AM comparatively free from foreign encroachwent and could thus carry out modernization programmes

more effectively. Japan's activities in East Asia during the First World Var. The reactions of China

and the great powers to auch Activities.

The East Asian international situation wản- peaceful and stable before the outbreak of the First World War (1914-18). In 1914,

however, because of the wer which occupied the attention of the European great povera, Japan seized the opportunity 'when the other powers vere

busy preparing wor and

advanced her interests in the East Asian region. First, she entered var on the side of the Allies (Britain, France and Bussia) against the Central: povers (Germany and Austria) and made use of the excuse to seine Kinochow in Shantung of China. Klaochow was a German- leased territory, The British wore of course displeased, but since they are preoccupied v with war in Europe, they just could not put up any effective opposition. Britain needed Japan'a cooperation as long as the First World War Vas on." Besides, when asked by Britain about the intention, Japan" replied that Kiaochov would be returned, to Ching oftar, the var. By late 1914, all the former German rights and leases in Shantong had fallen into Japanese banda. Of course Chẳng could not oppose such a Japanese seizure. At the same time, the Japanese navy turned to the South Pacific and occupied the German island colonies there, such as Marshall and Yap.

The reasons for these Japanese activities vere- long-term. Many Japanese. businessmen, politicians and militarists had for long

advocated a stronger forsigu policy (which ran against the traditional policy of.com operation with the Western powers in the game of S Imperialism). Thin younger generation of Japanese vere growing in influence in

disobedience to the genro

("elders", aged Heiji

Leaders), who favoured

continuation of the

traditional policy,

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週末及公衆假期四十元

In China, Japan's position was declining. Politically, Yanu Shih-k'si', the Chinese President, was unco-operatives with Japan but was pron. Western, or more sxactly, prom

British. Secondly, economic competition and rivalry posed great threats to Japan's interests in Manchuria,“ especially aa Japan did not have the superior economie. power to compete successfully with the West: Hany Japanese ultra-nationalists favoured a more forceful policy toward China; the Black Dragon Society, for instance, argued. for the demand of far-reaching concessions to be made to China. This formed the back- ground to the presentation of the 21. Demands to Yuan. Shih- klai by Japan in 1915, only a few months after the seisure

of Kinochem

Yuan's reaction to the Demande Vas a mixed one. On the one hand, if he accapted

·the Demande, the would receiv就 -Japanese support for bis

́attempt at restoring a

monarchy, which he wanted. On

the other hand, hovover, he 就好袁忠he were to do so be would be viewed as a traitor, ful view of forssful Chinese nationališu. Realizing that China elaze was too weak to resist Japan, Yuan turned to the other great powers, especially the US, for assistance. He deliberately. delayed the negotiation for the Demands,, while revealing, then bit by bit to the West.. The reaction of the US and Britain was one of general opposition and protest. But #because of the First World War,they decided not to

intervene to check Japan. Aa ...for France and: Russia, no.

objection was unde, since they wanted to win Japanese

friendship and draw Japan into more active Var-effort against Gerany and Austris, France, even advised China të accept the Demand..

Without foreign help, China had no other choice but to ⠀ accept the 21 Demanda." Accordingly, all German rights in Shantung were transferred to Japan; the Japanese lenses in South Manchoría (Fort Arthur and Dairen) vore extended to 99 years; control over the Banyehp'ing Company vas given to Japan; and China' promised that ports and islands along the China const would not be coded to other countries/20

But Japan' feared that all these privileges might be lost once the war ended and Vastera opposition came back. Thue she made agreements with the powera and even China:aa safeguards. Firstly, an alliance was made with, Russia in 1916. Secondly, secret agreements were made with Britain, France, Italy and Russia in short, the Allies, in 1917. These Allisd powers

vanted:greater Japanese

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participation in war; they

therefore secretly promised to give Japan Kiaocboy in

Shantung. & friendly agreesent vas made with the US-too, the. US expected that this would slow down Japanese expansionism. Thirdly, Japan

· extended some loans to the Peking warlord government of Chinn so as to bribe China to be co-operative in ̈Japasta. nevly, acquired gains. Eager for money to fight against other warlords, the Peking government accepted those Loans.

There was then the Siberian Expedition, in which Japan took part In 1918, The Expedition was an Allied attempt at checking the spread of Communion to East Asia' after the Bolshevik aoisure of power in 1917 in Russia and bringing Russia back into greater var-efforts against Germany and Austria. Japan Joined it because of territorial ambition and the desire to keep Communist threats away from Hanchuria (Japan's sphere: of influence). Tet the Japanese military seat in many times the number of troops originally decided on: Again, however, the Allied povers conld do little to rentrain Japan, not until the Pirat World War ended in 1919. Looking back over the yours Bees how the s from now, one Japanese cleverly made use of the opportunities when the great powera were preoccupied with var and made great guinn, territorial, economie and political, in the East. Asfun regions. The traditional

balance of power.in East Asia was destroyed in such a way,

經濟

王啓光

ECONOMICS. (29).

K.K. Vong & L.T. Chan

廿九)

提供資料

Mill,& Dale Press Ltd.

Hong Kong as a Pinancial Centre

Root Kong continues to develop as a financial centre in 1980s. The government haa been taking stepa to impreve the statistical information it gbtains on developments in The monetary sucker, and else to extend and improve the system of supervision and Control applied to all institutions taking déposite from the public, and m

Hong Kong has a number of institutional factors which make it o finsucial centra. First, there is a low degree. of specialisation, Second, the no central bank or central monetary authority. Third, there is no marketable government debt, and the total

A public debt is extremely low.

Fourth, there is a vell-

日四月五年一八九一座公年十七國民體中 冷教訊體

developed foreign eZCHODZO.

market, with no exchange

control of any more.

Vinancial Marketa in Kang-Kong

1. Domaatio Money Market

¿The domestic money market in Hong Kong refera to tho象忘v盍北忌es of baaks and" deposit-taking companies engaged in " raising or placing Bong Kong dollar funds between themselves. The demond' for funds on the manay market comes principally from those institutionE which do not have en adequate Hong Kong dollar deposit base to support their Hong Kong dollar landing.

Foreign Krobange Market

The domestic money. market is closely connected with the foreign exchange sirket in Hong Kong,

There is no exchange éontrol at all in Hong Kong, and a number of banks and deposit-taking companies are vary setira participante in the market. The goverament does not normally intervene in the foreign exchange market to intinence the exchange value of the Hong Kong dollar, although 1 occasionally smooths sut erratic flustustion's in the Hong Kong dollar. éxchange value.

3. Stock Exchange

There have been four stock exchanges in Hong Kong since 1972, However, the establishment of av

unified exebange under the Stock Exchange Unification Ordinance is being under progress. The newly unified exchange, which is named-st The Stock Exchange of Hong Kong Limited, will be established not later than 1984. This action le ozpected to result in a Broader market, and to increase the attractiveness of Hong Kong: securities to overseas inventara, Alao, there will be better management of the stock market and more effective regulation of stockbrokora,

Commodity Exchange

A commodity exchange in future contracts is M operated in Hong Kong by the Hong Kong Commodity Exchange Limited. Trading-

includes estton, sugar,

soybean and gold,

附加數 (廿九)

明德出版社岑廞雙提供資料

Add. Hathe. (29)

CEY. Shuarta"

NILL & DALE PRESS LTD.

Revision Exencias

AT

1. (a) Evaluate S" lx2-2) dx

(b) live a rough sketel

the aurven

Coy

end

in one

“diagram. If the area

enclosed by C2, Co, xxũ

and x-3 is rotated about

影器盞e, find th

volume of the solíð

2. Given that x,s are the

roots of the equation x*=bx+c="0" and ">6, and that al, and 5+2 are the roats of the equation

xmhxiko, Pind.

\{i} h⠀in terms of b and c, (ii) kin terms of band 'c,

prove that

= 4(2k+1).

J. (*). Solve for x where

0 < <360

sin7x+sin5x+si?:3x«ninámek).

(b) Given that; min2x+cos3x.

Prose that x«54° kutdon of the equation: Find the other solutions of I where 0 < x < 180. (111) Hence show that

¥54

(11)

Given that the circle, 2x+2y4x-12y+15 - 0. (a) Find the co-ordinates of the centre and the radius,ENA

(b) Find the equation of

the straight line. through the origin and the centre,

the circle at P and g where P is furthest from the origin, find the co-ordinates of Pand. 0.

(d) Find the equation 67

the tangent through P.

T? z=x+iy, where K, Y, are ceal, show that when

when is purely. imaginary, the locus of the point (x, y) i趣 a circle of radius 1√5. State the enordinates of the centre of the airale,

(b) Whine is

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