1981-04-01 — Page 39

育教僑華頁三第張十第

日七十月二年酉辛居夏

WAH KIU YAT PO

1981

中學會考試題預習專欄

英文 (廿五)

立基出版社劉浩濂提供資料

ENGLISH [25]:

„Stephen Lau ( Foundation Press)

Dear Students,

This is the last column on Paper II before my Mock Examination Papers are introduced.

Today I've given you one compre- hension passage for you to practise with. You may wonder why I have included so many comprehension passages in the exercises for the past few months. The reason is not difficult to figure out. Not: only does the current examination trend emphasize comprehension, but people at work or undergoing further studies:also find comprehension gredient in their day-to-day use of English as a communicative medium. Read the passage and the explana dory, notes carefully, and make the best -use of today's column.

EXERCISE

important in-

Read the following passage and then: answer questions 1-10.-

With the increase in number of:

lawsuits claiming malpractice, it is in- creasingly apparent that many plaintiff's

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barristers are endeavouring, to present the idea to jurors that risks can always be avoided and that complications which arise as the result of surgical treatment are indicative of malpractice.

. Every effort must be made to correct this erroneous conception. Risks are inherent in every phase of life. Everyone. accepts risks whenever he steps into an automobile,boards ai aeroplane, goes swimming, or has a surgical operation. Riske cannot be avoided. Even were one to accept the life of a hermit and go off: 'into a forest he would still have the risks.

of an attacking bear or poison ivy.

To be sure everyone should make. every effort to reduce the hazards of every risk inherent in any situation. This is no less true of a surgical procedure than it is of standing on a stool in one's kitchen or taking shower in one's. bathtub. In surgery where one is dealing with the organs of a human body, this is very true and very obvious. These are

the very organs with which one thinks, eats, breathes, and moves. This js quite different, however, from saying that any

complication which arises represents an error in technique or in judgement..

Every patient who elects to have a surgical operation cannot avoid the. realization that there are risks to his life and his well-being. People are apprehen- sive about any operation upon their body because the risks involved are common knowledge.

Obviously any attempt to put a numerical percentage upon such risks .. cannot be accurate. The risks are de pendent upon too many things - the condition of the patient; his age and general health, the nature of-the lesion being treated, the state of the art of.. surgery at the time, etc..

修理

報日僑

Recently a bamister asked if it was not bad judgement to undertake any operation if the risks were thought to exceed the possibility of success: The answer is obviously "NO" to this ridiculous question. Had such an attitude prevailed, the surgeon would have never. operated upon brain tumour or an intracranial aneurysm. In both in- stances the surgical mortality was in the rieighbourhood of 65 per cent initially With both of these lesions, not to operate would have entailed two errors. The surgeoi would have deniedylife.aid well-being to those who survived and he would have never progressed to the present day jow surgical rimortality and improved well-being of those who sur- vive.

This is another example or indivi duais who do not have the responsibility! of the surgeon and who ate uninformed about the conditions being treated at- tempting to make the surgeon's decisions: for him and to impose upon the medical profession rules which would be to the detriment of the general public..

The responsibility of the surgeon is to inform the patient and/or his family of the obvious risks and the potential: benefits of any surgical procedure. No one can possibly foresee all of the comi- plications which might arise nor is the surgeon required to do so.

(*An intracranial aneurysm is a sac. formed by localized dilation of a blood vessel within the skull.)

1. The writer thinks those barristers..

who advocate that risks can always be avoided are A.: correct.

B. partly correct.

C wrong..

D. indiffererit.

2. In line 11, the word "phase

A.stage.

B. number.

C. person... D:chance..

3. A. hermit (line 16) is

A. an insect.

B. a person living in solitude. C. a warrior.

D. a wood-cutter.

三期星

4. The writer thinks the risk inherent in a surgical operation and that in -taking a shower in one's bathtub A. are the same,"

B... can be reduced with effort. C. are different.

D: are real and not false,

Every patient. who consents to undergo a surgical operation. A.goes through an election.

B. does not know that there are

risks.

C. is jendrant of the risks involved. D. realizes that there are risks to his

life..

6. According to the writer, to say that a surgical operation has a 60 per cent chance of success is

A: always accurate.

B." entirely numerical.:

C. obviously dependent on many

factors

D. quite insecurate,

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2. A Note this word; it is very com¬

monly used.

7. In line 57, the word "mortality"

refers to ..

A. the number of deaths.

B. the number of successes.

C. the percentage of success.

D. the percentage of a particular

disease.

8. Which of the following wordsis.

appropriate to the individuals" rev" ferred to in the seventh paragraph?

A. laymen

B. charlatans

C. quacks

D. surgeons

Which of the following persons is a probable writer of this passage? A. A plaintiff'

B. A barrister.

C. A surgeon

D:A patient.

10. In this passage, the writer wants to

convey the message tliat .

A. complications which arise from--

surgical treatment are indicative of malpractice..

B. surgical risks can be avoided. C. the surgeon is not responsible to foresee any complications during can operation. 20

D. the surgeon is the one who can make the decision on how, what and whether to operate.

KEY: (WITH EXPLANATORY NOTES):

1. C The first sentence of the second

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The writer does not say that the risks inherent in either situations are the same or different. Thus, not. the correct A and Care answers.

Options B and C mean the very opposite thing.

The first sentence of the fifth paragraph gives you the required information.

A:Again note this word:

Another description which is acceptable is "the lay public": A charlatan is similar to a quack; both are persons who dishonestly claim to have medical knowledge and practise like a doctor.

C The seventh paragraph gives you

a big clie because who would say that others are uninformed about the practice of the surgeonex- cept he himself?:

10.D Option Cis incorrect because the surgeon is indeed responsible to foresee some of the complicat tions, although: not all of then.

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