*育敏僑華頁三第張六第日一初月十年申庚王
(b+d}(a+c)
bd
(c+a)b/2
A
初中成績評核預習
B.
.:
D.
(d+b)a/2
雄風出版社
E.
(d+b)c/2
Mathematics ?
a number is multiply.
by 2 and then add 5, the
result is 27. What is
the number?
A
1:1
B
16
C
42)
D44
E. 64
2.The side of a square is
4x-3. What is the erea
of the square?
A 4X--
B. ́ 16x2 + 9
16X2
-4X +
16x2 -12X
- 16x= -24X
3.The lengthsof a rectangle
are a and 2b. The perimeter
of the rectangle 1s
A. a + 2b
B.2ab
£. 2a + 46.
D2a + 2b
4(a + b)
4.The area of the figure
1981
中學會考試題預習專欄 經濟及公共事務(五)
明德出版社盂臂光提供資料
·陳勵德
ECONOMICS & PUBLIC AT AFFAIRS (5):
Kak Wong & L.T.Chan
MILL & DALE PRESS LTD.
Factors of production
Factors of production Since production is defined as any activity directed to satisfy human wants by manufacturing: goods and services with
the assistance of available resources, the producers require a number of
inputs in production. For example, for growing crops, cultivated land, irrigation machinery and workers are needed.
The factor inputs involved
the production process are termed factors of production in economics, They include all the Productive resources in human economy.
Therefore, factors of production can be defined resources available to produce goods and services -in order to satisfy human's
wants.
There are four factors
of production, namely, land, capital, labour and
entrepreneur. Land and
capital are called the
non-human factors where.
fabour and the entrepreneur
are called human factors.
The
production units (the
individual enterprisings
5.The area of the figure
h
af+bh+cd
(a+b+c)(d+f)
C.
(a+b+c)h
D
(a+b+c)h/2
E.
(a+b+b+c)h/2
六期星
5079 - 32
9(c+32)/5
1
日八月一十年〇八九一层公年九十六國民中
a(1-b)/100
a(100-b)/100
WAH KIU YAT PO
報日僑
(radius.
D. 5(C + 32)/9 E.
13.Solve x for
A. ay/b
B.
-ay/b:
B.
C.
a/(a+b)
CL
D.
(a-b)/a
E
D. 3πr2/2 315218
EX
a/b + y
14. Solve u for
2a8
9.If 1/f = 1/u +
then u
A•
(v~f)/(fv)
B.
* Zas
B.
(fv)/(v-1)
C
V Zas
C. fav
D.
Y➡ 86
D. E.
(f-v)/(fv)
E.
none of the above
15. Express a in term of b
+
A
4b/3 - 1
B.
4b/3+1
G.
(4b + 1)/3
D._y(a+b) - 1-
D.
(46-1)/3
E. 4b/3
6.Which of the following
equals to 180 2.
A
c+a+b
B. c-a+b
Co
c+a-b
D.
c-a-b
E-c+a+b
7.The perimeter of the figure
a+2b+2c-20-8
2a+2b+2d
a+b+c+d+e
Da
a+b+c-d-e
E.
a-2c+b=d+e
8.The area of the figure
are firms) could make full
use of the factors of
production by combining them
in the more appropriate way so as to achieve the greatest output and maximize the profit,
1. Land: Land refers not only
to the site where
production activities can be carried out, but also the natural resources amde a available from the nature. Therefore land includes agricultural land industrial site, mineral resources, forests, mountains, seas, grasslands and climate, Land is often regarded as a free gift of nature because it is provided for everyone in the society. Furthermore, land is also limited. in supply.
Capital: Capital refers to
those man-made resources or capital goods which are employed in every stage of production. Usually, the capital goods are not needed. directly for immediate
consumption and they are used for further stages of production to make
ha
consumera.
3. Labour: Labour refers to
all actual efforts mental and physical, skilled and
unskilled, applied to the production of goods and services and for which
payment to labour is called wages,
Because labour is a human factor in
(Iv)/(f-v)
10.If y = ax + bx
then x =
B.
(y+1)/(a+b) (y-1)/(a+b)
C. y/(a+b) - 1
E. (a+b)/(y-1)
11.Change the subject to
x +
Ay/(y+1). B. (y-1)/y C._{y+1)/y = Da÷(y-1)/Cy+1} E. =(y+1}/{y−1)
12.Change subjec
C = 3(F - 32)
50/9 + 32
B. 90/5 + 32
production, the provision of labour depends upon population, mobility of labour and the social and
psychologrcal aspects of the workers.
4. Entrepreneur: Entrepreneur
is a human factor separated from labour. Entrepreneurship refers to the organization ability and managerial skills in production. It is because the entrepreneur have to combine and fully utilize the other three factors of production in business decision making. In other words, the entrepreneur may be the industrialists or the managers in the production unit. He or she has to make vital decisions of policy. regarding the method of production to be employed and the quality of the output. In addition to receiving residual profit, the entrepreneur bears the risk of production because the firm may have the chance to suffer loss.
II. The law of diminishing
ng that the
dien plascommodity
Two factors of duction, land and labour, If successive units of a variable factor (one whose amount can vary) are added to a given quantity of a fixed factor (one whose amount cannot be altered), the addition of more and more units of the variable factor will in the end lead to a decline in the additional output resulting from the addition of an extra unit of
16.Express h in term of other
A = 3nr{r +
A.
A/(3nr)
B. •
A/(3nr) + r
C.
A/(3nr),
D.
(A - 3nr2)/(3ur)
E.
none of the above
17.The marked price of a
book is $a. It is sold at a discount b. What is the selling price ?
(1)
the variable factors.
For example, in the production of wheat we are using various alternative quantities of labour per unit of time to farm a fixed amount of land and recording the resulting alternative outputs of wheat per unit of time,
The average product of labour (AP) is then defined as total product (TP) divided by the number of units of labour used. The marginal product of labour (MP) is given by the change in TP per unit change in the quantity of labour used. In the table below, land is measured in acres labour in man-years and total product (TP) in bushels.
(2)
ས་
(3) Land Labour TP APL
TRAR MPL
15
(5)
MPL
0
8
12
4.
1:5
3 3/4
3..
17
3.2/5
2
17.2 5/6
16 2:2/7 131.5/8
-3
TP
10
of land)
According to the diagram, the MP rises at first, reaches a maximum (before the APL reaches its maximum) and then declines. The MPL becomes
a(1-b)/100
a(1-b)
ab
18.Find the time in which
B.
Sp will give $1 interest
at r simple interest.
pir/100/
100x 1 / (pr).
100% ir/p
irp x 100
100
19.The
of a book is
SA. If it is increased.
to BB, then what is the percentage increased ?
A. (B - A)x100%
B. (BA)/A x 100%
C. (AB)/A X 100%
D. (BA)/B x 100% E. (AB)/B x 100%
20.Which of the following.
A.
B.
has no solution for x ?
X = X
x + 3 = * +-
x + 3 =
= 3x
Answers
11. E
12. B
13. A
14. B
15. D
16. D
17. B
8. D 9. B
18. B
19. B
10. B
20. C
zero when the TP is maximum and negative when the TP begins to decline. The following position of the MP asure illustrate the law of diminishing returns.
The law of diminishing returns states that if one factor of production is increased by small, constant amounts, all other factor quantities being held constant, then after some point the resulting increases in anoutput become smaller and smaller.
This law is propounded only on the assumption that the state of technology is given and that no new production methods are introduced during any peiod in which the law applies.
III. The application of the law of
diminishing returns.
1. Land is subject to the law ofdiminishing returns.
Land is a factor which particularly suffered from the law of diminishing returns. If the certain quantity of the factor land is given, with the land the entrepreneur combines increasing quantity of land or capital. It is found that sooner or later the addition of further quantities of labour and capital would result in diminishing returns. As a result, the output per unit of the additional factors would be decreasing.
2. Other factors of productions
are also subject to the law of diminishing returns.
Today, the theory of diminishing returns retricts not only land in production; y but also the other productive factors such as labour, capital and entrepreneur. Because of the increasing scale of production, the loss in production would be more possible.
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