1980-06-24 — Page 22

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頁二第張六第日二十月五年申庚愿夏

清學

[學生參予

萬余衞生讲督察洊蛮守溙發T恤給其中一名

PRENAMAC

勸導泳客

泳灘

勿抛垃圾

(E)

「環啡委食會於去年

***£54

該項計劃的主日

KARE

·水潑、涉水褲、銀

做財,分別在石、深

·期淇每逢星期日及公衆

七月一日至八月卅一日

分許T妯及戴作,將於

南洲大學及理工學生 年年有超過百名來 黨不要隨意抛棄垃圾。

【作,引起游泳人士的第一

“屣强淸谢科鲎啥片的工

歷史科建議參考資料

明德出版社提供

(精完)

Show how the relations

between China and Japan

became unfriendly from

1870 to 1894.

Explain why

war did not break out in. 1885.

The first part of the question requires you not only to trace the events that led up to war in 1894-5 but algo to discuss the ways how

relationð vesen chiwa and

Japan. became bad,

So you

bave to give reasona for the growing bad relations

from time to time, althougli you can list tüm main events of the relations.

^1,Sino-Japanese, treaty of

Tientsin, 1971 -- It was treaty of friendship. Details such as the treaty terms

can be mentioned, but

they muất he brief, example,

A

(4) extra-territoria

(B) promise of non-

aggression

Por

Beginning of Japanese aggression This marked the beginning of worsening relations between China and Japan. Japan wanted to

extend influence over China's vassal urons (1,e areas not directly ruled by China but dependent on China for protection). Japan thought that China could no longer protect. these vassal ureas after siguing the 1671 treaty Therefore Japan (A) invaded Formosa

(Taiwan) in 1874 0. (B) annexed the Liu-ch's u

isfonds (Ryukyus) in 1879-

There is no need to go into

the details of these two evenlă, because they were Tenki uier ust

Japan's--

ambition and

Struggle for Korea

Korean

was China's largest vaxtal

China was atate.

determined ›› protect her Yet Japan also tried to extend influence over korea

(a) opening of Korea 1876- In this year", "Kor opened up for trade by Japan thrau hi the treaty of Kanghwa. Tacneased Japanese. contact with Kozea 1876-1874 - The.

conlucl vas in the foll of trade; reform proposals (for Kore

etc. There" must be a brief explanation of tire. importance of Korea tu Japan ton:

Korea lind military strategic value tu

of Japane Japan's infternativual reputation would be... raised if Kören wird. her colony ...... The Western powers, were" Tighting for colonies

WAH KIU YAT PO

報日僑單

二期星

HII+KI) 24FIT

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EBE CANIST

(RE) KAOS)

邵開行政課補生部人員昨日東大俄源、耳無進行補源工

ABKTER÷K

號及畫押道一五號 二十九號及四城日至十

四號A,微臣道一號至

徙向盤棋宇,關就

Peyu+kan<+

李哲行,像利臣街;析》

十五至六十一號,英

| 款道二至三十四號及1

BREEKRE-CH.

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停水楼宇篇皇后大毒

*16-783*2*+ 上午十時至下午十時間

•EXTEL(***).

6021-87 - BE E-AK-RES)

藍田邨,秀茂坪邨,啊》

許,牛頭角及新菊 綠寧:康利蕸,佐敦

at that time.

Korea could supply Jupan with materials-

for industrialization,

luvestment

opportunities, and a big market för Japanese goods.

More active policy towards Korea by China — Because of alarm over Japan's Ambition in Korea, China adopted measures to dea) with the Japanese threst, such as

(A) encourage of Korea:

(B)

to

strength.

Korea to

) treaties with the Sign Westuin powers

(especially the US), au as to counter-balance Japan's influence.

5. The 1892 military revolt in

Korea

It was a conflict- between the t

reformers

and couservatives.

There is no need to mention the internal causes of the révolt

as the bot

relevant to the relations between Cliina and Japan.

China and Japan sent.

troops in Korea to protect their m interests. They faced each other. War seemed to result.

(C) Pence was maintained.

An agreement at

Chemulpo was signed.

6. The 1884 rebellion În

Korea

(A) It was a conflict

between pro-Chinese reformers and pro- Japanese reformers in Korea,

Again the troops China and Japan faced cach other, War seemed to result,

Again, pence was maintained. The Li-Itu Convention was signed, in 1885, by Li Hing- → cheng of China and Ito Hirobumi of Japan. You may describe a few more details concerning stlifa rebellion because “the second part of the

question asks you about

Increased Chinese control. of Korea and Japan's preparations for a war wi Clipa Chine inereused

Her control over Koreuz

utsal Gun that there must be a war with Chiura befor Koron could be obtained. under Japanese Influence-

·Japan, concentrated on military build-up and modernization.

The Tonghak Uprising 1894 and outbreak of war —

Sone Koreans were. dissatisfied with China's dumitration and attempted En revolt. Disturbances, spread in Korea.

Agaju the troops of China and Japan faced each other. This time,

however, decided to fight a var The Sino-Jijianese War #hroke out.

This part of the question is quite general. Everything on Sino-Japanese relations in the 1870-1894 period is

明觀

relevant. However inge

advisable to concentrate on.

日四十月六年〇八九一番公年九十六國民華中 育教聞港

的珠養公司攝供。

·今天胡在中縣富熊家酒店舉行, 但是次成出的垂珠做首 由十一俄西班牙, (#6) REIKETELSKEM - EG

BIESENKAKEL SHREKESME.

#-EZENARTSHELLI KERAN.

<EE - DREKEDIN-

西班牙珠寶展 式設計古典華麗 今起舉行三天

本港新聞

(6)

中則以日本國

以古典及豪華爲主,但亦甜溯流而故损。 TEBELKEZVENEKE - EHF | CAPEKAN | ST

·我發言人又阳·西班牙珠式設計的特式,都首府行政建插生部人数 十人,現正在黹加蛋 RE

·总大威变的脚出售早上十時撈晚上六時正在說,想項賽跑 日

(4):

KINEGLELEA

SEVER-LVEH

REL

·及監殛客治療戒患者之 AUSAREYT-7

個案工作,研究及資料

-他括由監獄學人員

ZKABKFZRE-

|停水測漏

灣仔後日

及喜好洲被我所。

大德女弨敦所之戒毒服。

樓漏日

describing and arguing how the relations between China and

Conflicta Japan worsened.

over Taiwan, the Ryukyus and Koreas were examples how the relations worsened. As you have

seen, Japan tried to initate Western imperialism, and China at first tölerated Japan's expansion but was later alarmed and took measures to deal with Japai t£ was In such a way that relations between the two countries gradually turned. Bad. As you describe the main events, try to five explanations for them, und avoid minor details that have little link with Sino- Japanese relationa.

Reasons why war did not occur in 1884 1885

The 1884 rebellion in Korea, which led to s crisin between China and Japan, was not planned by

the Japanese government. The rebellion was atarted by pro-Japanese Koreans to challenge the Chinese officials in Korea. Only the Japanese troops that ware stationed in Korea gave support to the Korean:

government i

not give official support, Japan was still modernizing itself. There were economic problems. concerning industrializat- -ion - in the early 17899.

Japanese leaders knew it was not yet the time tu challenge Chinese influence in Korea,

3. China was at that time

having troubles with France in Indo-China, The dispute resulted in the Sino-French War. Half of the Chinese troops in Korea bad been withdrawn to Indo-China tu

of

League consisted membera and it was

MENDEra-who.

the aggressions.

manyR

th Googl

These

aggressions came From Nazi Germany, Fascist Italy and Imperial Japun,

The League failed- to atop, or check, or prevent

thu challenges to peace", and there can be no doubt about it. Otherwise the Secund World War would not have

out, as it did, in

Ant it is doubtful

whether the League had made attempts at dealing with the at ressions at all, You will see what I mean by that,

International aggressions in the 1930s

fight in the war. › Ching. == |** |_ was not prepared to start.

a var with Japan eithëpë

4. Li Hung-chang (of thing

China) and Ito Hirobumi (of Meiji Japan) successfully reached 8 settlement. It was called the Li-Ito. Convention, This prevented wai

Describe the main challenges to penge, and security that the 1äärus of Natious Faceit inte

What we fe reasons for the Loummels fariure i attemjitini to deal with these chui tenges”

You must understand what the two parts of the question -require, from you,Note the

The challenges to peac peal aggression, niid that's it, Sometimes people are fond of using lot of clumsy and beautiful words to say a simple

thing. By "aggression" mean things like Javagi oit or conquest that one country acts on another. These challenges to peace' were not faced by the League of Nations alone. As a matter of fact, every European country faced then, ⠀ and it's just n: matter of degree. The

Imperial Japan's conquest of Manchuria since September 18,1931 Manchuria was part of Chinese territories: China was member of the League, and she appealed to it for help, The League sent Lord Lytton to heal a commission to investigate. Japan was declared to he aggressor, but nothing effecave was done to check

PUThe USA W& 8 inva position to do so, because of her strong sea power. But because the USA was busy with internal problems arising from the Great Depression (1920–30), she did not det, So the League. failed to check aggression.

Nazi Germany's march into the Rhineland in 1930- The Rhineland (between Germany and France) was demilitarized areo according to the 1919 peace treaty. However, itler ordered ferman troups to

angeh into the area in 1035, Phỏtht sår powers, Shell as France, and Brituin, fallel to prevent this:

tist Italy" Invasi or ssinia in 1935.

Curatly in Afries ljussolini uf Italy' wanted to conquer it. He made use of the time when the attention of the

powers was concentrated an the German occupation of Thinelond. The Abyssinīms

could not defend against- the Italian invasión, The Trague imposed economic sanctions agaïust Italy.

trying. to stop tradi vity her.. But Brîtain did fut cooperate well, and Früree was int enthusiastic

They feared that forceful action agains! might drive Italy into alliance with Gernung“.

Spanish Civil War anil foreign intervention, 1936-1939 → A civil war hrobe out between the Xationalists and the Sucialists (the government). Soviet Russia and France supported the Socialists while Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy supported the Nationalists. Hitler and Mussolini sent fuữ

人生衛國泰

練訓受接港在

̇程躒復廠及理戒加參

Nationalists a lot of troops

and arms.

The League could do nothing to stop the fighting. No powe

In the expected it to. end, the Nationalista Won in 1939.

Nazi Germany's march into Austria and Czechoslovakia in 1938 → In 1938, Hitler ordered troops to march into Austria. The League could do nothing to prevent him. Later in the year, he threatened Czechoslovakia to surrender some territories. Britaim and France met Hitler in Muulch for negotiation. In the end, Germany got all he waited. In early 1939, Germany conquered all Czechoslovakia.

6. Nazi Germany's invasion. Poland in 1939 - Hitler created disputes with Poland, and invaded her. Britain and France knew it

*s to make prace was useless t with Germany. They declared war on Germany, The Second World War broke.

Reasons for the failure of the League to deal withị thé se aggressions.

You must remember that during

some of the war crises, nu one even tuul the trouble of appealing to the League for help. Therefore the Leagu made no attempts to stop aggressione at all. The

reasons for the hengue. Failure were

Impossibility of agreed action → There was a rule in the League that all the great-power members must agree before an action

Can

be tuken against the aggressor. However, some of the members, like Germany and Italy, were the angressora themselves. Naturally they opposed any action by the League. So the league could do nothing against aggression.

Lack of cooperation between the members of the League. Even League members like Britain and France Failed to fallow a common pality to maintain peace.

Lack of strong will to check aggression Britain and France appeased the agaressors, le, adopting a cowardly policy. They did not make use of the League. Other small member... countries lost collfidence in the Leagtp. Czechoslovakia

When

threatened by Germans, did not even appeal League

-Military, wèukneag of the

League → The Lengue depended on the members for voluntary trips. did not have an independent prest force of itå om 194

it could not hope tu quickly deal witr aggression.

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