1980-06-23 — Page 27

TREO 頁三第張七第日一十月五年申庚展夏

1980

中學會考試題預習專欄

經濟及公共事務 建議參考資料 明德出版提供

Suggested Answers to E. P.A.

Section A

UD SKA 44.

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wo stages of production are involved in Mr. Chan's

By They are

secondary and tertiary production. The factory's. departments

ents of design and

cutting, sewing, and finishing and packaging

belong to secondary production, Departments

of Warehousing and marketing belong to tertiary production.

← Mr. Chan divides his

factory into different ⠀ departments because he can Enjoy the advantages of division of labour as follows: (1) Better skills. Workers in

each department can have. better skills in production because they specialize in only one aspect of the whole production process. (ii)Greater output. Since

poise ન

(c)

each worker specializes in only one job in which he has interest and abilities, output level of the production can be greatly increased through improving skills. (i) Use of machinery: By dividing the production into different parts done by different departments Metae of machiner, can he madernessible and fam "therefore mass production

can be undertaken, Gost

production can be

reduced..

(v)Standardization of

products: As the result of mass production and use. of machinery, products. become standardized in quality. It is easier to conduct quality control.

Besides providing capital, Mr Chan acts as an rentrepreneur in the process

of production because he organizes the use of the

th

factors of production: labour and capital.

He bears risk and

incertainty in the business, and he manages his staff to

undertake the production.

Opportunity cost is the

炒

best lternatives that has a

foregone if one chooses

icular thing.

The opportunity cost for Country A to produce 3 television sets is 9 units of clothing.

The opportunity cost for country A is 3 units of clothing if it produces 1 television set.

If country A produces

unit of clothing, it

opportunity cost is.

television set.

In country B, the

opportunity cost of

producing one television

(c)

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set is two units of clothing, and the opportunity cost of producing one unit of clothing is television

(ii) Country B has a lower

opportunity cost in

producing television sets.

Country A has a lower

opportunity cost in producing clothing-

(iii)Country A should

specialize in clothing because its opportunity cost of producing each unit of clothing is television set, which

is lower than country B's corresponding opportunity cost, television sets, Country B should specialize in television sets because its -- _ de opportunity cost of producing each unit of television sets is 2 units of clothing, which is lower than country A's corresponding opportunity cost,

*Clothin

Governments often impose trade barriers on international trade because of the following reasons: (i) Trade barriers are often

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other necessities due to the expanding population in Hong Kong,

Secondly, as a result of economic progress in Hong Kong during this period, there has been an increasing demand for consumer goods, thus leading to increases in their prices.

Thirdly, the costs of accomodation and fuels have increased too because of the great. demand from the expanding population size..

(iii) Low-and middle-income

people suffered as a result of increase in consumer price index because they had to spend a very large proportion of their incomes on consumption to maintain their living. Also, fixed income earners suffered because the purchasing power of their fixed

of could not catch incomes

up the in asing

onsumption prices.

Section B

(a)(i) The maximum potential ✨

membership of the

sed as a means to......... combat dumping of goods

from overseas countries. Dumping means selling goods at fairly lower prices. By imposing trade barriers, the domestic market will not be dominated by imports (ii)Trade barriers are often

used to raise tax revenue |... from imports so that their prices have to be Increased or their competitiveness will be weakened relative to home produced goods. (iii)Trade barriers are

sometimes used to restrict the quantity of

Imports through quota arrangements.

(iv)Trade barriers can

allow local industries, especially those of newly developed and infant ones, (b) to develop gradually without facing keen competition from Imports.

(v) Tariffs can raise revenue

for the government..

(a) Economic goods bear price bacause they are useful but scarce. An example of it. is a motor car.

Free goods do not bear price. because they are not scarce

id can be supplied in an

Fimited quantity. An cample of it is air

(b) (1) From the figures of the

General Consumer Price Index of Hong Kong for the the years 1964– 364th index has ingreased by 96% during the Pyears, This indicates that tie cost of living for the people of Hong Kong has

een raised by an average annual rate 68% from 1964-1976

(i)Reasons for the changes Val

in the index are as follows:

a

There is a rise in the

prices of foodstuffs and

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pegislative Council is 50, consisting of 25 official members and 25 unofficial

membersOfficial:

members include the Governor and four ex- officio members, are appointed by the Queen or the Governor

on the instruction of the Secretary Secretary of State.

(ii)The increase of

membership in the...” Legislative Council since 1977 was mainly because the government intended to have members, both official and unofficial representing various government branches or sectors of the society. Therefore a more balanced legislature could be ensured.

Before many of the proposals in the Green Paper on the Development of Senior Secondary and Tertiary Education became established government policy, the following steps. had to be gone through (1) Public opinions on the

Green Paper were invited and considered. Public bodies, institutions, and individuals gave their comments or criticisms. to the government or disclosed them to the public through mass media.

(1) There were explantion

and debate in the executi executive Council since queries from the unoffici

fficial members aris

government

idered and examined carefully the public opinio

nions and criticisms and several meetings were held to discuss on them with the bodies Concerned.

V)Certain amendments to the Green Paper would

made.

一期星

日三廿月六年〇八九一公年九十六國民華中

(v) Some proposals, after

due amendments had been made, became

established government policy.

(a) Court system in Hong Kong is decribed as follows: (A)Magistracy

Civil jurisdiction: The civil jurisdiction of the magistracy was, by the District Ordinance 1969, transferred to the District Court. The Magistrates Ordinance only privdes a procedure for the summary recovery of civil debts. Criminal jurisdiction: The magistracy deals with indictable offences, the maximum punishment of which is 2-year imprisonment or a $2, 000 fine for any one offence, and summary offence. also holds preliminary enquiries into serious offenders to see if they should be sent for trial in the Supreme Court.

(B)District Court

Civil jurisdiction: It tries civil disputes in which the value of the subject matter is under $20,000 or $15,000 In the case of land. Under the Workmen's Compensation Ordinance and the Distress for Rent Ordinance, i

it has original jurisdiction and hears appeal from the Tenancy Tribunal and the Labour Tribunal. It also hears stamp and rating appeals.

Criminal jurisdiction: It tries criminal cases transferred to it by the Magistracy,The maximum period of imprisonment that a District Court can award is five years

(C) The Supreme Court

- Civil jurisdiction: It exercises jurisdiction in lunancy, bankruptcy, company winding-up matters, and appointment of guardians of infants and their estates. Criminal jurisdiction: It tries indictable offences. with unlimited jurisdiction by a single judge sitting with a jury of seven.

(D)The Full Court-

The Full Court, consisting of two or three judges as the Chief Justice may direct, hears appeal in both civil and criminal cases from the Supreme. Court and the District Courts,

(E)Special Courts (i) The Coroners Court. It

inquires into the causes of any violent or sudden death

(ii)The Tenancy Tribunal: It

tries all disputes between landlords and tenants. It also determines the amount of compensation to be paid to the tenants when buildings are to be pulled down. (The Eabour Tribunal;

ases are referred to ~the Tribunal only after

the Labour Officers have

failed in conciliation. hears claims for

It

(b)

compensations arising

from breaches of

contracts of employment.

It also settles labour disputes.

(iv)The Lands Tribunal:

It adjudicates on all statutory claims for compensation payable by government in respect of

land.

(v) Small Claims Tribunal

It hears and determines claims amounting not more than $3,000.

Preliminary equiry was first held in Magistracy to see if the murder case 'should be sent for trial in

the Supreme Court. Then the case would be transferred to District Court for further trial. Finally the case, if regarded ...” serious would be sent for trial in the Supreme Court. After the offender had been

· he sentenced to death, could appeal to the Full Court. If unsuccessful, he could ask for the pardon of the Governor-in-Council.

The offender may be granted criminal legal aid at the beginning of the case if he passed a means test for criminal legal aid. “When tried in the District Court:

and High Court, he was granted aid. However, legal aid is mandatory in his appeal after he has been sentenced to death.

6.

(a)

(1)

(b).

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The rate of natural increase is the one. tenth or the difference between the birth rate and the death rate. (ii) The rate of natural increase shows the difference between the crude birth rate and the crude death rate, while the rate of population growth takes into account. the additions or “. subtractions for migration as well as the difference between birth rate and death rate.

The birth rate has been declining during 1957- 1977 except that in 1965, there was a slight increase of it..

The death rate had been declining from 1957- 1965. During 1965-1977,

it stayed at the range of 4. 9-5. 2 and has become Stable

The rate of natural increase in Hong Kong has. on the average been falling except in 1961 and 1965.

- The fall of the rate of natural increase attributed to the following facts: successful population control, improved medical and health services, better family education and planning, and the public's

ceptance of small family concept.

This is because there

has been á continuous expansion of immigration

to Hong Kong, especially from the mainland China.

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