Post-var Changes, I
Industrial Lucations
日十三月四年〇八九一圈公年九十六國民華中
establishment of conmuties, nuch
agricultural labour has been
released and entered into
育教僑華 頁三第張六第
日六十月三年申庚剧夏
WAH KIU YAT PO
報日僑業
三期星
Heavy
Industr
1980
中學會考試題預習專欄
Lorge scale development of
Agriculture
70%
Light: Industry 22.1%
地理
(廿七)
明德出版社李婉儀提供資料
Geography (27).
Y Y. Lee
Mial & Dale Press Ltd
Question for Revision :
55. Below is a sketch map
showing a major economi change in China, Describe and account for the regional changes in the industrial output in relation to the tota before and after 1949.
CHINA Industrial Output
Suggested Answers!
Distribution of
in Pre-war China
pre 1949
post 1949
on the total.
Industrial
output in
relation
Industries
Prior to 1949, the industrial centres in China were mainly found along the coast in large trading ports,
around railway junctions in rich agricultural landa; and in the Northeast, The SW and NW were devoid of industries. Such a distributional pattern reflects the influence of the following factors:
1) Availability of Capital
Before 1949, little effort had been put in industrial development of the
· Owing to the poor and
communication and transport; the lack of knowledge and poor techniques in exploring and utilizing her stock of natural resources, and the lack of
A két developments in
capital, all the chief indus- tries in China had to thrive ob foreign investment. The industries were, therefore, concentrated in coastal. regions and the trading ports, for instance, in Shanghai, Wuhan and Canton,
2) Supply of Raw Materials Industries were also found around railway junctions in the east for the case of transportation and abundant supply of agricultural se products. Silk weaving and sugar-cane milling were found in Canton where nulburry
sugar-cane vere widely grown. Similarly, there concentrations of textile and silk-weaving factories in shanghái, cotton-textile and
four mills in Tientsin, in llarbin, Changchun, Mukden and Darien,
3) Supply of Power Resources
Heavy industries were mainly concentrated in N and NE China where large coal and irba reserves were found. Anshan, Mukden and Fushun in the NE and Tayeh in the centra south owed their origin to the rich power reserves.
Consequently, the SW and
NW, being situated far from
the coast, with inconvenient
transportation, lack of
capital, and insufficient power
reserves due to the unexplored
reserves, were completely
devoid of industries.
industry in China dates from
the communist period beginning in 1949 Nation-wide industrial development scheme were drawn up, not only to preserve, consolidate and revitalize the existing industries, but also to facilitate the establish- ment of new industrial centres.. A new locational pattern of industry appeared. Industries. are no longer confined to the eastern coast. There are dispersion of decentralisation from the eastern centres towards the interior.
1) Government Policies.
In 1953, the First Five Year Plan was inaugurated along the guidelines of the Soviet pattern. It planned to expand and reconstruct the heavy industry in particular form and steel at Anshan, Paotow and Wuhan. In addition, emphasis was laid on the setting up of new plants near sources of raw materials and development of the interior regions, 852 industrial projects were introduced during the first plan, 530 of them were set up away from the coast.
2) Improvement of Agricultural
in the Former Unfavourable Land
With the agarian reform and the establishment of- communes, margin lands were open up. The rise in agricul tural productivity in these areas has in turn encouraged the development of industry. The industrial development of Sinkiang can
good example cited as a
Cotton textile has sprung up o following the establishment of new cotton plantations at Urumchi, Hami and Turfan. Medicine manufac turing at the medicinal herb producing part of Szechwan is another example.
3) The Exploitation of New
Natural Resources
The great effort put în the exploitation of new resources has great effort on the change of the locational pattern, too.
opening
Tho
Sinkiang, which was accom" ged"
of oil-fields in western
by highway constructions, has encouraged the establishment of industries there. The Szechwan Basin, which has emerged as a new industrial: power too, is aided by the opening up of new oil fields. at Nanchung, H.T.P. in the Min River, and the exploitation of phosphorous and allumina in the western part,
As a result, the Manchuria and E China, which used to account for the greatest percentage of industrial output în China, declined in their relative importance, giving place to the interior regions, su
such as” the Central Yangtze and Szechwan, and the remote. region Sínkiang.
54. Diagrams A and B of the
following figure show the changes of the relative importance of the three major activities agriculture, light & heavy industry in China in 1949. and 1970.
and
explain the changes in the relative importances of industry during that period
Relative Importance of
Three Mayor Activities
în Chiña (by value
A. in 1949
不隨禮柯 新彩g無報請遠 另報拜式采穎色任販就道 收附出印多雜華歡訂近閱 费送版刷姿誌僑迎𨳊向户
B. in 1970
Agriculture.
Heavy Industry 143.7%
22.8%
33.5%
Jight
Industry
Suggested Answers:
The graphs show that during 1949-70, there was a rapid decrease in the relative.
importance in the agriculture
sector but a rapid increase in the industrial sector",
especially heavy industry,
which experienced the greatest increase in importance.
Reasons for Unimportance of Industry in Pre-war China
Large scale development of heavy industry needs a lot of power resources, metallic and, non-metallic minerals. Before 1949, China concentrated on the development of agriculture, Industrialization appeared
to be difficult at that time It may be, due to the poor ond inadequate developments in communication and transport; the lack of knowledge and poor techniques in exploring and utilizing her stock of natural resources; and the rapid increase în population which røsulted in a huge demand for food that capital could by no means be easily accumulated for the pursuit of industrialzation. In these pre-war years, all her chief industries had to thrive on foreign invest- ment. Heavy industries were found chiefly in North and Northeast China where coal and. iron could be found, Light industries were scattered in sea-ports and around railway junctions in the cast,
where transportation is easy and particular kinds af agricultural products are freely available.
Reasons for the Rapid" Development in Recent Years:
After taking over of the Communist Government, a nation-wide industrial rehabilitation development scheme was drawn up. It planned, on one hand, to preserve, consolidate and revitalize the existing industries, Thus the heavy
industries in the fortheastern provinces have been rehabili tated most rapidly and soon undergone great advancement. On the other hand, a combined effort to explore new natural resources side by side, with the development in communica... tion networks and to facilitate industrial development was stressed. Examples of this. linked development of local natural resources and industry are many. The opening up of oil fields such as those in W Sinkiang has made the deve lopment of heavy industry in Urumchi possible. New bil field at Taching; the active mining of coal reserves in N China and the improved: technique in exploitation of have helped the northern and iron iu Anshan, for examples,
northeastern provinces undergo a more rapid development, Newly developed source regions. of hydroelectricity have even greater impact on industrial development. The Liuchia Dart to the west of Lanchow, for example, has encouraged the industrial development in Lanchow.
Light industries have underim gone rapid advancement, too. With the agarian reform and the
industrial labour force.
Productivity in agr.
agricul lture las
been raised and this in' has led to the expansion in food processing industries. Other examples such as cotton textile industry, kas sprung up following the establishment of new cotton plantations at Urumchi, Hami and Turfan. The exploitation of metallic and non-metallic minerals, such as
in alusrina and phowphorus
Western Szechwan has furnished the development of consumer
goods manufacturing and other light industries too.
1980
中學會考試題預習專欄
物理 (廿七)
明德出版社蛰榮家提供資料
Physics (27)
V. E. Lo
Mill & Dale Press Ltd
Section C. Magnetism,
Electricity and Atomic Physics. 7(a) Four metal spheres,
A, B, C and D are suspended by cotton threads with A touching B and C touching D.
B and C are separated by a small distance. A negatively charged rod B is brought close to A as shown in figure 7.
Fig 7
B
D
With R still close to A, D is removed and lowered slowly into an empty metal con which resta on an initially uncharged" gold-leag electroscope as shown in figure 8, 10 and 11.
(11)
Fig 8)
metal
sphere
Dwith
dravn
Fig. 10
Fig 11
(b) The
On your figure 7,
mark the distribution
of charges on A, B, C and D.
On your figure 8, 9, 10 and 11, mark the distribution of charge a on D, the can and the electroscope. Indicate also the positions of the gold-leaf in eacli of the cases.
he c, d and 3 rays emitted by a radioactive substance enter into a region of strong electric field produced by two oppositely charged parallel plates. They separate into three
beans E, and Gas shown
in figure 12. Identify the beams E, and G..
positively charged
G
Lead container radio- active substance
Fig
negatively charged
A sample of radioactive hismuth contains 10
10
this radioactive
atoms The ha de
of
suuth is 10 days. What will be the number of bismuth atoms left after 20 days.
B(a) Three similar bar magnets
are allow to fall freely
through three plastic
pipes as shown in figure 13, 14 and 15.
and T3
眼
Fig 13 Fig 14 Fig 15:
The plastic pipes in the figures are of same size' and the currents carried in figure 13 and figure 14 are the same. Arrange the time in each case în accending order of magnitude, Explain your result briefly.
(b) What is the direction;
if any, of the induced. current through resister Rin figure 16.
R
K
Fig 16
immediately after key Kia closed. (ii) sometime after key K was closed, and (iii) immediately after
key K is opened,
(0)(1)
A transformer has an input voltage of 100V and an output voltage 2001. If an alternat- ing current of 2A passes through the primary coil, explain briefly why the
output current must always be less than
(ii) Explain briefly why transformer could be used to step up an a.c. voltage but is not able to change the voltage of a steady d.c. supply
As shown in figure. 17; PQ is a 100 slide wire of length 1. E is a 2V accumulator of negigible internal resistance. By and Ro are resistances 15 and 5 respectively. When the keys K, and Kg
are both open, the balance point is 62.5cm from P. When K and Kg are both
closed, the balance point ás 10 cm from P.
Calculate
2V
R2
balance point
Fig 17
(a) the e.n.f. of the
cell Eg
(b) the internal resistance
of the cell E. (c) the position of the
balance point when Eq is open and h1 is closed. (d) the position of the
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balance point when K2 is closed and K, is open.
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