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街邊工人影响較大
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・・・・
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中學會考試題預習專欄
地理
(+Ʌ)
明德出版社李婉儀提供資料
Geography (18)
Y. Y. Lee
(Mill & Dale Press Ltd)
35. Below is a graph showing
relative area cropped by two principal agricultural crops in Hong Kong. Name the two crops and give a reasoned account of the changes.
Area in thousand hectares
10
1956
1961
1966
1977
Year
Suggested Answers:
The crop which shows a rapid increase in the area of cultivation is vegetables which shows a rapid decline is rice. In recent years, paddi fields in Hong Kong have suffered a dramatic decrease. It is partly due to the urban expansion in the past two decades which resulted in a coupetition of land for construction and cultivation,ince more fresh water has to be directed to urban uses, urban expansion is also a cause of the scanty water supply in the rural areas which attacks agriculture there. Industrialization in the urban areas has attracted a lot of labour from the rural to urban areas, which results in a deficiency of rural labour force. Thus, many of the rice growers have abandoned their fields. and woved to the urban areas.
The above phenomenon is expecially true in the isolated parts of the N.. For those fields bordering the rail and ronds, many of them have been converted to intensive gegetables growing. The rapid increase in vegetables "fields, on one hand, is to meet the increasing demand in the Colony. It is because after the second World War, the consumption of vegetables in Hong Kong increased greatly due to the rapid increase in population. On the other hand, the relatively high profit is an encouraging factor. Profit from the growing and selling of vegetables can be nine to ten times that from growing rice. The rapid increase is due to the improvedents in
transportation in the .. Since vegetables are easily perishable food demanded by urban dwellers, the
construction of highways
linking many parts of the
N.T. with the urban area is encouraging, too.
་“--་
36. Study the table below which shows some aspects of climate of stations in the North China Plain and the Red Basin of Szecliwan.
Red Besin
N. China Plain
Jan. temp.
Absolute mini. temp.
-8°C
7°C
-21°c
-1°c
Jul. Lemp.
28°C
28°C
Frost free
200
300
days
Precipitation
120mm
300mm
(Now.
Apr.)
Precipitation
500mm
800mm
(May. Oct.)
% of
variation of
30%
13%
annual ppt. from mean
With the aid of the above information. Compare and contrast the agricultural sceneries in the North China Plain and Szechwan ́ Basin.
Suggested Answers:
The North China Plain and Szechwan Basin are two important agricultural regions in China, The North China Plain, which is the. largest plain in China, with over 60% of its land under cultivation, has the largest peasant population. The remote inland basin of Szechwan, on the other hand, being a hilly region, with about 50% of its land under cultivation, has long been known as 'Tieo-fu-chih-kuo' or 'The Country with rich natural resources' where agriculture has benefited a lot fro. its favourable -natural endowment. A
comparison of the two regions can be viewed from the following aspects: A) Method of Frowing
ол
The Szechwan Basin is hilly in nature. Flat land is limited to only about 5% of the whole basin and occur unly in patches. This mountainous nature has direct effect on faring
method. Terracing ou slopes is outstanding. Fields are small and intensively cultivated.
Although intensive subsistence agriculture still exists in the North China Plain the tranformation in the last twenty years canuot be overlooked. Due to the flatness of the region, the Land Reform Movement and the rapid industrialization since recent years, the subsistence agriculture in the region has been gradually trungforming into modernized agriculture. In recent years, Communes are organised small land holdings or poor peasout are
combined and cultivation is brought under joint effort. With this Laud Reform Move- ment, farm sizes are
increased, and there is
certain degree of mechanization.
Types of Crops
Szechwan, being
situated to the South of Tsinling, has abundant rain- fall and long growing season which enable the growth of double-cropped paddi, Rice is the most important food crop and its annual yield represents more than 80% of the total food production. Besides the production of food crop, Szechwan has long been famous of its wide range of cash crops produced, e.g. cotton, tung oil, silk, sugar-cane, tea, tobacco and fruits.
The cooler temperatures of the North China Plain, on the other hand, favours the growth of wheat, barley, millet and kaoliang. These are important food crops in the region. Cash crops are important, too. Caoton, peanut, soya-beau and fruit are produced in large quantities.
C) Advantages benefited &
Difficulties to be
overcome
Because of the warm temperatures, long growing season and fertile soils, the productivity in the basin is very high. However, further agricultural deve- lopment depends on the importation of irrigation systems and transportation, and must go hand in hand with industrial development,
too.
In spite of the fertile alluvial soils and the flatness of the region, the agriculture in the North China Plain auffers a lot from the frequent flooding of rivers and drought caused by the "urreliability of rainfall. The operation of the wang-ho Multi-purpose Water Scheme has provided some checks against the natural hazards. Just the same, the scheme should go hand in hand with industria- lization, urbanization and improvements on transporta- tion, thus, North Chim can become China'a paradise.
生
物
(+^)
明德出版社梁永華提供資料 Biology (18)
V. W. Leung
(Mill & Dale Press ltd}
Unit 13: Environment
1. The following diagram is a
food web in a habitat.
Sun
t Green
guts!
Cater- pillar
Sparrow
I
Lawk
Mouse
Snake
(a)(1) What is the importance
of the sun in this food web?
(2) What does the arrow denote in this food web? (3) By what processes that energy is lost from one level to another.
(b)(1) Construct is a pyramid
of numbers using some of these crganisms. (2) Account for the difference in number of the organisms.
(c) Explain what would happen
to the community if (1) insecticides are used
in this habitat. (2) Hawks are killed in
this habitat.
2. The following diagram is a simplified nitrogen cycle.
Ammonium compounds
C
Animals
X
B
Nitrogen- fixing bacteria
Flants Nitrites
A
B
Nitrates
in the root
nodules of leguminous plants
(a) What should X be? (b) Which form of nitrogen
is the greatest nitrogen reservoir of the system?
(c) Name the type of
association between the nitrogen-fixing bacteria and leguminous plants.
(d) State the importance of (1) the nitrogen-fixing
bacteria to the leguminous plants. (2) the leguminous plants
to the nitrogen-fixing bacteria.
(e) Give twe, uses of uitrates
to plants.
(f) (1) Name the processes A,
B and C.
(2) Describe and explain
the effects on plants and animals if
process Á is
inhibited.
(g) Give two ways by which
nitrogen in animals
returns Lu the soil.
ANSWERS:
1(a)(1) The sun is the ultimate
energy source of the food web.
(2) The arrow denotes the
low of energy or the passage of materials from one level to another. (3) Energy is lost from one level to aunther because some of the energy is utilized by the organisms to do work and some of the energy is lost
as beat.
(b)(1)
dawk
OR
Sparrow
Snake
Cater- pillar
Green plants)
Mouse
/Green plants)
(2) When energy flows through a food chain, only a small proportion of the energy taken up by each link is transferred to the next step because some of the energy is lost as heat and/or utilized by the organisms to do work. On the other hand, the organisms become progres- sively bigger than the organisms being consumed, therefore number of organisms in each step progressively decrease towards the top of the food chain as the amount of available energy progressively decreases.
(c)(1) If insecticides are
used in this habitat, the number of caterpillar decreses. As a result, the number of green plants will increase since less green plants are consumed by caterpillar, but the number of sparrow will decrease due to inadaquacy of food (caterpillar). (2) If hawks are killed in this habitat, the number of sparrow and snake will increase, since less predator eats them. As a result, the number of caterpillar and mouse will decrease since they are the foods of sparrow and snake respectively.
2(a) Atmospheric nitrogen. (b) Atmospheric nitrogen. (c) Symbiosis. (a)(1) Nitrogen-fixing
bacteria provide the leguminous plants with nitrogenous compounds.
(2) The leguminous plants provide the nitrogen-fixing bacteria with water, nutrients and shelter,
Synthesis of protein. (2) Synthesis of chlorophyll.
(f)(1) A: absorption
B: nitrification C: denitrification.
(2) Since plants use
nitrates to form proteins and chloro- phyll, the inhibition of process A would cause a reduction of growth and eventually death of the plants. Since animals feed on plants, they would also result in death for the lack of food.
(a) Excretion and decomposi-
tion of their death remains,
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