1979-12-15 — Page 31

育教僑華頁三第張八第 日六廿月十年未己優惠、

WAH KIU YAT PO

(A) Young ster

1980

X

中學會考試題預習專欄

GROWTH

生物

vascular

(+)

tissues

明德出版社梁永華提供資料

P

BIOLOGY (10)

મ

W. W. Leung

|~(MtIF&~Dale Press Ltd?)

Unit 7: Support and Movement

1. The following diagram shows the structure of a shoulder joint.

A

B

bone

C

bone marrow

(a) Name the parts labelled A,

B and C.

(b) (1) What type of joint is it?

(2) Give another example of the same type of joint. (3) Describe the degree of

movements permitted by this joint.

(c) (1) Name the fluid that fills

the cavity of the joint.

(2) What is its function? (3) From which structure is

it secreted?

(d) What are the functions of

(1) structure A and (2) structure C?

(e) State the importance of the

bone marrow to the circulatory system.

(f) (1)State a vitamin and two

elements in the diet, which are important to the development of healthy bones.

(2) What deficiency disease

occurs in a person whose diet lacks the above substances? Why?

2. The following diagram shows]

the growth of a

dicotyledonous stem in

transverse section.

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OLYMPIA, UNDERWOOD

· OLIVETTI BROTHER

AENKRATERNIZ

慈萱老術54號五樓(先藍圖面)

香港文柴辑刊行邊一九二九〇三

幸運

(B)

2-year-old stem

(a) How can "support" be

achieved

(1) in the young stem?

(2) in the 2-year-old stem?

(b) Explain why the vascular

2.

報日僑華

Calcium an phosphorus are the major building materials of the bones

while vitamin D regulates

the absorption and metabolism of calcium and phosphorus.

(a) (1) In the young stem,

support is mainly

achieved by a combination

of turgor pressure and -----supporting-tissues,

(2) In the 2-year-old stem,

support is mainly achieved by supporting tissues.

(b) The vascular tissues are

distributed in the periphery

to increase the resistance of the stem to the bending

forces.

tissues are distributed in the (c) (1) To support the overground

way as indicated in the young stem?

(c) What are the two main

functions of the stem?

(d) (1) What is the name for this

type of growth?

(2) Name X and state its

contributions to the growth.

(e) Explain why tissues

(1) at P is dark and dense. (2) at Q is light and soft.

3. (a) Why is locomotion

necessary in animals but not in green plants? (b) Name the structures

protected by the following mammalian skeleton: (1) skull (2)

vertebral column (3) ribs

ANSWERS:

1.

(a) A: articular cartilage

B: synovial membrane

C: capsular ligament

(b) (1) Ball and socket joint.

(2) The hip joint.

(3) It permit free movements.

in several directions. (c) (1) The synovial fluid.

(2) The fluid acts as a

cushion, separating and lubricating the articular cartilage.

(3) The synovial membrane. (d) (1) A: to serve as a cushion,

preventing jarring and allowing friction-free movement.

(2) C: to hold the bones

together for extra strength.

(e) The red bone marrow

produces red blood cells and

some white blood cells.

(f) (1) Vitamin, calcium and

phosphorus.

(2) Rickets.

parts of the plant.

(2) To conduct water to

leaves and to remove the products of photosynthesis.

(d) (1) Secondary growth.

(2) Cambium.

It consists of

meristematic cells which divide actively to produce secondary phloem on outside and secondary xylem on inside. Such activity causes an increase in thickness of

the stem.

(e) (1) Secondary xylem at P

was possible formed in autumn and winter. During these seasons, ranifall is scanty and temperature is low. The cambium is less active.so that less xylem vessels are produced and they are smaller and have thicker walls. Thus the xylem appears darker and denser in texture.

3.

(2) Secondary xylem at Q was

possibly formed in spring and summer. During these seasons, rainfall is abundant and temperature is high. The cambium is more active so that more xylem vessels are produced and they are larger and have thinner walls. Thus the xylem appears lighter and softer in texture.

(a) The difference is related to

their mode of nutrition: the green plants have autotrophic nutrition and the raw materials for

photosynthesis are present

in the soil and surrounding air and therefore locomotion

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is unnecessary.

In contrast, animals have heterotrophic

nutrition and have to search for ready-made organic

foods over a wide area,

(b) (1)'brain

(2) spinal cord

(3) lungs

地理

(+)

明德出版社李婉儀提供資料 Geography (10)

(Mill & Dale Press Ltd)

19. The photograph was taken in Hong Kong. Describe the characteristics and

formation of the rock shown and the landscape associated with it.

upon cooling, vertical, columnar or someti.nes hexagonal joints are formed. Such rock can be found in Port Shelter, Rocky Harbour Areas and Sai

Kung. Formation of the rock

Disturbances in the earth's crust such as folding, faulting and volcanic activity may lead to a release of crustal pressure, which in turn results in the pushing up of molten magma through lines of weakness or cracks, overflowing onto the surface. Suggested Answer: Characteristics of the rock

The rock shown,by the photograph is a kind of extrusive igneous rock, a good example of the Repulse Bay Formation. It is formed by acid lava, which is rich in silica and is therefore light in colour. It is usually finegrained and glassy-crystallined. Owing to contraction of the rock This acidic lave, once in contact with the atmosphere, cools very quickly and solidifies to become

volcanic rock.

Landscape associated with

the rock

Along the coast, such a

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【機票

type of well-jointed rock is

easily eroded. Wave erosion along the joints may produce

sea caves, geos, blow-holes, sea arches and stacks. Vertical blocks may be removed to form steep sea cliffs whereas broken

columns are found scattered

about to form 'cannon' rocks and 'coffin' rocks. On land, due to its resistant nature, higher relief and steep

slopes are usually produced.

20. Explain, with the aid of

diagram, the formation of blow-hole,

Suggested Answer: Formation of blow-hole:

Blow-hole is a result of wave erosion. When waves rush against the base of an exposed cliff, wave action, especially hydraulic action, concentrates along the lines of weakness such as fault, or less resistant dyke, or joints in the rock. Seacave develops. Prolonged wave erosion gradually results in the formation of a cylindrical tunnel which extends landwards into the interior. If there is the

presence of a band of resistant rock, or a vertical fault or joint, further horizontal development will be prevented and hence the tunnel develops upwards. Ultimately it communicates with the land surface behind the shore and appears as a cavity at the surface. This feature is called a blow-hole. During a storm, waves may get into the tunnel of the cave and be thrust up the vertical channel of the blow-hole to the surface of the ground.

The Formation of Blow-hole

1.

Initial opening develops in Zöne of weakness

1. T, L.T,

The presence of resistant rock determines the vertical duv

of the tunnel.

H.T.

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21

Prolonged wave action results in the dev. of borizontal

(unnel

the tunnel communicate with the lugu surface blux-hul

is formed

Wide v

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