1979-11-12 — Page 29

日二十月一十年九七九一膳公年八十六國民華中育教化交

·期星

報日僑

華裔文化

贍林建同梅展歌 王文卓

平阸月令,追空風季,開天翻比 没在,似為滋,忍合設

·按过去,見說道,紅游景,

乍抛侶。

·巫披著路。料對哦,袅槪甗降淚迹無數,

·精,瑣窗外,冰蟾尙照,紅 楊巿示別,分開不鼠脂,却活

·西國故發夢短,獲溵碎器 麥正本

一般影班亦於十一月第十一○二四七龙詢。 手工藝製作班、占法和田青年中心,或三: ,新的興趣,學習班,到何文田邨第一部 ,總有民族舞、國術紙、活動班、祖將痰,可親 煤班、收新祖的朋发加,欲知以上客 「無畫,另中心現有輿二月初開班,歡迎青年

湖,登遊,因

「過多先生它山背

酒濕吟 ,接阂杯,鳳閣財蹺。月燈灣,駁樂樓中 柳枝河,遥空著的村 王郎甲新 老艄爲城,微園貓女,做然錄夢經年。

敎師書畫展覽

下月横

·莲花席如許。記郊行,喬极版芭拉,但屬卡後,當年衫展 ,遷榮凳。輒香瞑,呼酒鮮語,月,先始痛,包得本際,已瘟輕架。 一架橋西樓,十城市發,眷搬燬尺素。暗自惜。沓襟啭染,遍

因洋国

全由林達鎏龐出元主持揭幕 在大會堂八樓一連展出三天

,問因甚,蘿依附,摘要澈,須防幽思宜招,米懟醌茲,但推

,跑了

哎一解》..

,美不勝收,亦可見改而藝術人材之盛,小 九 時至下午六時,直至十四日下午六時閉幕, ,香港敦阿爾港股呤二十二》日正午十二時中,在香港大會就八樓, B.E,主持轉線。股占由今日起,一遇!天舉行。除合天外明天由早上 廣古泉之老師,不同凡 舉

玉民乃均需安 行提莉典禮。由高級助理被育司林進公太平紳士,名譽會長康婚元0,鐵定大手。 小马,老鼓吴店,為孟,各武報告-撬影器材店一個對年中心於十一月至 |十二月期間舉行一連 一的秋冬季活動,活動組

(

之

一自有一格。感到

麥校,張麗容、張太,菜萏奈,葉慈費,帕達明,綁美菜,雖於之,冠 慎,等孫子,李無迪·李仰坤,李念股,李蔭構,何再攤,要孫興,流行 以姓氏爭登隔杯),尹國治,玉齊樂,江千里,李攙虹,學士秀,字開

「

,雖覺生色不少。没有

楊貴澡與趙少昂 ,

辦多項活動 高氣爽的遠足夜行, 花卉,有山歡之談! 者欣賞不能,此皆榻

求其骨楹以一副;五言

各人,均有題嗣於整旁

·香港奇年協會何交一的

·致迎青年參加 「松壑鸱泉」

大盘營,聖樂」 日出, 並有飛雄爲主題 葉哲近作

日 本大旅湛,夜紫鳳凰

傑榮德

【殘石,對孫限,無眼山川。望是門:露冷液 瘓。人客登題:徒傷世事医炳,朱台胞香馀 来鄀框夢隨流水;低今時漿見,却在愁

第十期出版

「脫衣換鍋」:

張哲 近作

「光鐡素。

條,仿彿堪作等。耪鈺密齒布 ,群裏感與香流裝。古刹技等的線

·鈎勒姿態錘無倦。由來梅花重撂 [片片(六),大比花多 欧。南深澳洲之極南 + 梅開似海缸 。微雪徵年最高低,遫升機上日未 M&E REARIFF (HK) 本土,雅山川亦足眷。北望中原 一般亥烈露燕。西赴巴黎參教,美 (三)、富士山頭照紅日,京都

「龍年欲古稀,與光老來生。 片 墨丘豕機发婚,森林澗泉面应用。

凡紙論金資可義(二)。本科能 年二簪克(註一)。冬心包酸淸先末,. 東去扶桑考徐福,調入神武天暨傳 一 篇戰。自然流講多沒落,加開 于合有人,}時卻道口不便。林公祖传中心商,在八時半,逆關多席,

·,尤章老靈名最換。迹四战星堤 (荘七)。緬句首次成一絕,古計師為送佳品,同時又放 同一女。我歌至此意並盪,過想「經過,雖備將各同學認 煎。聞烏東西南北人,隱經南對了,酒過三巡。席間,由陳 琳各說誰後元(融八)。戴今朝史,估裕熱烈。開談歇教 營茲在来將。二度梅長亦柔煞,現一直景,若漫瓦器,溫度 「無幻燈片多種,有本港

【綠紅 淡,朝際蛋極月色招。安赛 「宜本色-綠岑烏枝花湖。虛眞礬

·傅教育會酸。經七二二四五九

·阿特雷,出席第十三屆國際藝

任赴尼泊爾登喜馬拉雅山。注 低於巴黎。註五:一九七六楼 六:一九七八林氏赴澳洲南都

出席第廿二屆國際誔術教育會,而散滿。 武天展。在四:一九七五林氏今朝,至于時許始盡歌 考察徐碤史酵,認為徐船師神,其年年有今日,歲歲有 金村花。莊三:林氏氣汪日本,羅河向樹老阿波器,脫 花·詿i」:合多心,吳昌碩禮一日,展出香港大會堂。 注一:主元载,陳老躉技畫梅,紀念。已定十二月十七 「我作品第一集,

「撬影與設計」

橋 春風畫會下月舉行畫展

取悅二十年前,韧度梅滕下戰......九林氏在台北舉行梅過。 優加斯比君子,曾張在骨形指使, 行第二屆梅展。能九一九七刹獎,展出及願時之盛 林氏在香港舉行第一屆梅餃。刊第十期出板,報導

(約) 寄噌陳本詞丈

「飛瀑從空直下來」 旗雪克、李希交、楊果、熱閣。均向楊老師親 卿、方永光、龍翔、余一華斯,並融同大赏提老 文、部罴美、劉锃成、皇導,就筑 芳師母、梁觀照、何才鈾明、高勵節、桀永 一安海娟、李沃果、陳機」、劉嫽堂、楊控坤、施 有:根薜梁老師、梨美、李、楊寶、

·事宜一併宣佈。是夕到、湯沙枝、黄、高嘅 一舉行表風盡會向躺號玲、父、王董媽、張雅燕 一十七日,在古拙大會寫,何海路、劉筱、 ;關於下月八十二月)永城、宋、健康福

·雅,並視檢齊梁華落 寬、張啓、陳喬來, 手, 其中一幃老柏之實用性,仍售三元。 磁蜅道中潍南合所粲行、張雯、磁盤、何惕,天衣無疑,如出一人一設計」月刊,結合設計 在風娄會昨假香港東漢、葉飛彈、梁秀粥 餓與高劍父合作之花鳥畫,配文件。「攝影異 昨日雅集祝楊善深華誕 有文 但喜還

陳一豫

末世揚風要此身!. 三尺土,我惜白人,宴客語須給 獻事往常威;生死情同有苦辛。」士已安

·荊會闢推于疾,曶傅凶耗暗低調!袪

宀致師的需幣暖,現在大會堂八婆舉行。

黃石公園風光之一 陶作

【香港敦師會書畫風,本月十二至十四日,在大會堂及塗舉行,

莫四第張七第日三廿月九年未己歷夏 WAH KIU, YAT. PO

富

陶養作

香能致師會去载展·本月十二至十四日,在大食堂八樓舉行)

英倫孃古(九首》

牛津

·臨風海胛弔典亡。該年飛將東征夜,至此風頭

「維也納郊區」

倫敦

「下秋? 捽薄無應勇快遊。倘目支際功菜輩,憑盡史率表,證無 日屡病霹谷;江河徐帶帝王州。守穿獨立接人死, 劉主威流后勢孤,寺嬖空懸羅東糸,成圍俠士恐 低易天地樂來收。問疾三俄共裿塗·撒縣遊,抑同日月;樓船組券定規惧。成人色相君恩重; 漢緻

百年極火潑防胡。棄疾 仍萬花枯。買乾

燃民城開禮樂邦。整風乾烨予浴式,三都要共四分 協民血员,黑人符陆形在感。個某地廣春秋史流行蒩中斯铅镒言,最是機青史定,艾或解字古 聲匿天下簡鎗照,毋菜何會去大江?丞相稷·巫翁爾子;入卒堂全蕃王项—道參大明器, 漢沙 5

名城地底發江涼。陣列門出柳村。多沙河

·毀件鴻儒悅未帶。經給不啓眾心辯。在或唱,葉盤白石; 餘宮室染你天。死生製后像空

礎让孤臣能不至。苗裔湏東男子,異時公主是 忠丁第宅帝流連。環成恨史錯。或校

戶開庠序;番濟爽案立雄名。檔市金硬馬氣

|風玉梁史藝盤。詭憐逐客來求出?肝胆天,

九百年來的很新。崔嵬壁壘社江凿,難免簽

順安舟进;要学槙空去霸王。結各駹中褲反; 萬代 開國何人壁大荒了古時原 尙薈。江湖滿,此疼冠帶半君糗!金吾不禁強黨強,行樂寬柔共

“ 速寫之一之乐

流进外机泡茶

陶漫作

<奇港教師會渐变泵,本月十二至十四日,在大會堂八樓平行)

經濟 (五)

明德出版社。

兩局基提供資料

ECONOMICS (5).

K.K. Wung &

L:T. Chan

(Mill & Dale Press Ltd.)

Factors of production

I Factors of production

Since production is, defined as any activity. directed tu satisfy human wants by manufacturing goods and services with the assistance of available resources, the producers require a number of inputs.in.production. For: example, for growing. crops, cultivated land, irrigation machinery and

workers are needed.

The factor inputs involved -in the production process are termed factors of production in economics. They include all the productive resources in human economy.

Therefore, factors of production can be defined as all productive resources available to produce guuds "and services in urder to

satisfy human's wants..

There are four factor's of production; namely, land, capital, labour and entrepre- neur, Land and capital are called: the non-human factur's where labour and the entrepre neur are called human facturs. The production units (the individual enterprisings and firms):could make full use of the factors of production by. combining them in the mure' appropriate way so as to achieve the greatest output: and maximize the profit.

Land: Land refers nut only.

to the site: where production activities can be carried out, but also the natural recources made a

available from the

nature. Therefure land

includes agricultural:

Jand industrial site.

·mineral resources.: forests, mountains,

seas, grasslands and climate.Land is often. regarded as a

free gift of nature because it is provided for everyone in the society. Furthermore, land is also limited in supply.

2. Capital: Capital refers to

thuse: man-made

resources or capital goods which are employed in

every stage of produc、 tiun. Usually, the.. capital gowds are not needed directly for immediate consumption and they are used for further stages of production tu make consumer.gouds direct- ed to the hands of consumers.

3. Labour: Labour refers to

all actual effort,

mental and physical, skilled and unskilled, applied to the

and fully utilize the other three factors of production in business decision

making. Hi-other wordsy the entrepreneur may be be the industrialists or the managers in the production unit. He or: 'she has to nake vital:

decisions of policy regarding the method (of production to be employed aid-the quality of the output. In addition to receiving. residual profit, the entrepreneurw bears the. risk.yf production. because the firm ma have the chance, to suffer loss.

II. The law of diminishing

returns..

production of goods: and services and for which payment to labour labour is called wages. Because labour is a human factor in production, the provision of labour . depends upon population, mubility of labour and the social and

psychological aspects

ufthe workers.

4. Entrepreneur: Entrepreneur

is a human factor: separated from labour. Entrepreneurship refers to the organiza- tiun ability and mana gerial skills in-d prreduction It is because the entrepre- neur have to combine

Supposing that the production of acummudity require twofactors ufo production, land and labuur If successive units ufa variable factor (one whuse" amount can vary are added tu a given quantity of fixed factur (one whose amount cannot be alfered), the addition uf more and more units uf the variable factor will in the end lead tua

decline in the additional output resulting from the addition of an extra unit' of the variable factors.

Form

or example, in the production of wheat we are using various alternative quantitics of labour per unit of time to farm a fixed amount of land and recording the resulting alternative outputs. of wheat per unit of time:

The average product of labour (AP-") is then defined as total product (TP) divided Wby the number of units of

labour used. The marginal' product of labour(MP, ) is given by the change in the TP per unit change in the

in

quantity of labour used. In the table below; land is measured in.acres.labour man-years and total product (TP) in bushels.

(1). (2) (3)|(4) Land Labour TP

234567

0

(5)

·AP

MP

L

03443322

038257763

03543201

12.

4.

15

3 3/4

17

3.2/5

17

2.5/6

16 -2.2/7

13 15/8

-3

MP TP.AP

(17

16

15

14

13

-12°

11

10

9.

&

Labour

ne acre of land)

According to the diagram, the MPL rises at first

reaches a maximum (before the AP, reaches its maximum) and then declines. The MP.

L becomes zeru when the TP is maximum and negative when the TP begins to decline,The following position of the MP arrue illustrate the law of "diminishing returns.

The law of diminishing:

returns. states that if one factor of production is

increased by small; cunstant

amounts, all other factor quantities being held eonstant; then after some puint the resulting increases in.citput become smaller and smaller.

This law is propounded- conly on the assumption that the

state of technology is given and that rio new production methods are introduced during any period in which the

law applies..

li. The application of the law

of diminishing returns.

1. Land is subject to the law

of diminishing returnsmod Land is a factor which particularly suffered from the law of diminishing returns. the certain quantity of the factor land is given, with land the entrepreneur. combines increasing quantity of land urland or capital. It is found that sc or later the addition of. further quantities of labour and capital would result in diminishing returns. Asa result, the output per unit of the additional factors would be decreasing.

Other factors of producti are also subject to the law of diminishing retur Today, the theory.of diminishing returns restricts not only land in pruduction, but also the uther productive facturs, such as labuur, capated and entrepreneur, Becausc the increasing scale of

production, the losses in production would be more pussible.