1979-11-12 — Page 28

·期星

報日僑

WAH KIU YAT PO

育教濟經頁三第張七第 日三十月九年未己曆夏

日二十月一十年九七九一番公年八十六國民幣中

慢放濟經年明德西

兩|高|仍|買|向 成

- 提貨港

華僑經濟

片练勃的西逑击

但西第二大

烈劇太會不滅削費消

市山脚下笾遜媽一

城一嗨來的色,背

健的汽明

山」,

却表示雖然

北市据可能轉,但

、阿香港增加採購,

402 投資 11百二十萬元,以 的發朝銀行另外開立新 BEECKEISER L-ETRIAENK - 客片米准 - 恃堆加纈外,鄰近的銀行公司推嫩 華銀行上海商業銀行 停開立首個賬戶,到了 - 襃於業務發展迅速, 就榮時,則會在辦事高 (図)本港著名陪会最接近佳處的銀

上海商業銀行業務

更換先進電腦系統

·以致消費者逐漸會在深 可能因石油價格墊及有關工 玉示整個西被市勞動力,佔了百分六十

一的操入佔了百分六來,大部份將汽車工業 的部分,該公司從遠東-消8年。西镞經濟狀况 JØRSET-48K IKRA CEUSA , 香港在「岳鐵結山,雖然消費的則識,不 出百分之九。... 這勢將會持殼 年 |業,便比腕零售市場超購時,較遲疑未決,而 一百分六點五。在這間期,該公司單是在西德的發 ,已超過西德的帶均率,一月至十月間,已上 的芬沓晋桀增長率

「岳恻襉山」

·之十至百分二十。 繼咯,再堵高百分 繁接今年百分二十

卅一倍,以配合發展之一問遠輝電腦据存服務。 <CERPADIK X-FREEKIND 促使該行於一九七八年一直接與總行電腦中心聯 長率高達百份之二十,分行網;,所有分行均 先。嗣後年的客戶分行,並將陸雒城展其 行運甓腦服務酴氣之「旅行在本圈共享1十間 路服務,開本港華本銀 年大力擴展所致。目前 爲客戶换供即時連穎, 安海的憂良傳統及近

·四年棱證 NCR CENT. 的主因 - 馮氏則認 URY, 2002 · FEKALI KESA 在該行早於一九七一”, 此外,上商客戶徼

後電

「違餘,同時也快了决定把·布设改造更 一市摸,增加出口作出了一行了更新和改造,上海 白產品結構,對活粱限內有些紡織企業對裱機進 敢指沲調整只料材∉和一幅布,近幾年來,各地 系統根據原料供通和國,來越歡迎媒區布。爲了 內外市集金过-皮極樂、適應市場需要,珍亞實 一新爲寬幅布挽列食企業

(中國新聞社北京|受歡迎。

「七日體,我國紡織工業.‘當前诏內外市場越

|中共積極採取步驟

調整紡織業結構 增產寬幅布供銷

測氐解离謂:「一般通業務增長的需要。」 多個銀行賬戶所致。轅一匯行直至八十年代中期 乃因市民潮趨向於擁有一容量的兩倍,估計可供 詹銀行客戶特禎的增長。容量將爲現用慑粒最高 和快撼的低腦服務、未來資料處理需要我的 | 拗供更全面,萸安苦一及誤行經過深入研究 旺夏特瞉究故,便可有一大選購V八五五M茶 該行真理馮建隆 明智决策,腦系統

555M 俄腦系統,一俟 更光脚系;是 .一套更先遇的NCA VS 的持讃激增,故實需購 BESKE -OKER SPEGELEENT -NCEKERK BLUBERKINI 但由於客戶微繪逹李經理安古時於簽訂

的發展,我紡織品原

「粮工業自身的發展。

化維工抱

i都大力恕用化歲原料 一、毛、麻、絲各個行業幅布機進行改淹更新。 HZEHNSES

上市,在城市和羮於都售價格高一倍。 *檬丶粹的嗓紡織物大症,勒出售可比輕成胚布出 織物和化纔開棉、毛、 用一件棉紗,製成針織 庭番長。近年來,化被一深受市攝歡迎。間使 |化優,今年又有設大楣一來後不用加工就能用, | 織工業用了四十多萬噸 物品組多,花色多,實 產純化城織物。去年行業發展得較快。針織 一,進行鸿結交織,或生 行業中,近幾年來針織,

支持和正在對三千二百多台窄

三個棉紡織覈监繈布呼

̇新雅]

1980

中學會考試題預習專欄

歷史

(五)

明德出版社胡應亮提供資料 HISTORY (5)

Philip Y. L. Wou

(Mill & Dale Press Ltd. )

(CONTINUED FROM THE LAST ISSUE)

Consequences

of The Late Ch'ing.

Reform (1901-1911); The forces produced by the Late Ch'ing Reform paradoxi cally helped overthrow the dynasty in the end. A. Educational reform

The students sent by the

Ch'ing government to study abroad turned out to be either intellectuals. dissatisfied with the corrupt Manchu rule or revolutionaries working to overthrow the dynasty. Political reform

Constitutional practice gave opportunities to the local-provincial gentry, to establish independent power against the dynasty. The worsening tendency of. political decentralization opened the way for the provinces declaring independence from Peking in 1911-12.

C Military reform

Military reform led to the establishment of. regional military forces practically independent. of Peking's control. In the end, because these militar forces did not support the dynasty, the Manchu Emperor was forced to abdicate in 1912.

In memorizing these points. you need to have some sort of a system. You can try this one. Just bear in mind that it was the combination of the external and internal factors that accounted for the decline of the Ching dynasty. The internal factors are the ones that traditionally appeared in the end of a dynasty in Chinese history. In this respect, the decline of the Ch'ing just followed the traditional pattern. The external factors, however, were entirely new to Chinese history; they referred, of

of course, to the coming Westerners and imperialism to East Asia in the 19th century century. So you just have to remember that the external factors hastened the decline of the Ch'ing dynasty at a time when the dynasty had long been on the decline itself. Sort of double pressure you see, As for the factors themselves (whether internal or external), group them under each ot these headings; social, economic, political military, cultural or whatever of the like nature you can think of. Of course you must not think that under each of these heading there's got to be a factor,. The headings are meant to ease you to recall the points, not the other way round.

4.

In fact, the study of history

would become much easier if ver you are well familiar with basic Concepts like what we have

outlined. These concepts are

tools to study history more.

systematically. Minor facts

can be included to support⠀⠀ them,

but only in so far as you remember any such minor facts.

The basic concepts (like that both external and internal

factors brought about the

Ch'ing decline, or that factors can be political, social or the like) form the skeleton; isolated facts (like that the Eight- Banner Forces had become corrupt and useless) form only the fresh. If you neglect a minor fact, you can by all means pick out another from your memory in support of the basic concept. But if you forget the basic con concept, you can never score even a mere pass even though you may have tons of minor. facts to write. A computer can do better than you in memurizing facts.

To come back to the reasons for the downfall of the Ching, the growing strength. of the revolutionaries should surely be discussed. put too much efforts on a description of the revolutionary activities. You must not, of course, forget how to spell Sun Yat-sen, but apart from a few important events in the history of the revolution (such as the founding of the Hsing-Chung hui in 1894-95 and that of the Tung meng hui là ao in 1905), any more you mention 1s unimportant. I mean unimportant as far as a question on the causes of the 1911 Revolution is concerned. The most important is to say how the revolutionary

activities contributed to the Ch'ing's downfall. Note the following:

i. Formation of the Revive

China Society (Hsing-chung hui), and the first revolutionary uprising

The society was founded by Sun Yat-sen in Hawaii and Hong Kong in 1894- 95. It consisted mainly of overseas Chinese and Christians. They took an oath to expell the Manchus, restore restore the Chinese rule, and establish a republic". In 1895, making use of the disturbances. created by China's defeat in the Sino-Japanese War (1894-5) the Society planned a revolt

in Canton. It was unsuccessful. 11. Second revolutionary

uprising, 1900

Making use of the disturbances caused by the Boxer Uprising (1900-01), Sun and his secret

society

N

allies in Kwangtung planned another uprising there. The uprising, known as the Walchow Rebellion held out for a few days and ended in failure. The Revolutionary Alliance (Tung Meng Hui)

A. Background to its

formation in 1995

Growing anti-Manchu attitudes and activities among overseas Chinese students in Japan.

The overseas students'

turn to Sun Yat-sen for revolutionary leadership.

iii. Sun Yat-sen's turn to the overseas students for support,

Japanese efforts in

working for the unification of the Chinese revolution- ary movement. Leadership

Sun Yat-sen was chosen as the most important leader of the Revolutionary Alliance. C. Membership

From 1905-6, the re

1000 people were about who joined the Revolu- tionary Alliance, 90% of whom did so in Japan. Most of the members were students and intellectuals, and nearly all provinces of China were represented in the organization. D. Objectives

The primary and most important objective was the overthrow of the Manchu dynasty. Other aims were included in six-point program: overthrown of the Manchus, 1. establishment of a iii. republic,

iii. maintenance of world

peace,

iv. nationalization of land," v. cooperation with Japan,

and

vi. world support for the

revolutionary movement.

As you may probably notice, none of the above points are directly concerned with the 1911 Revolution. They only made it increasingly likely for a revolution, but did not directly lead to it. Let us take a look at the immediate events leading up to the 1911 Revolution first.

As you can see, the Revolution came as a sudden success. If you like, you can even call it an accident. Were revolutionaries like Sun Yat-sen in full control of it? Were they in control of the Wuhan region? The answer is no, as power fell heavily in the hands of the new army, and the new army had no cooperation with the Tung-meng hui members. The Conservative scholar-officials and scholar-gentry had a firm hold over local society,i.e. villages and towns. In other words, only a small region in all China (the Wuhan region) was nominally held by revolutionaries, while the other vast Chinese territories and local society remained unaffected. In this situation, no one could say that the revolution could succeed. We can say it was a success only because we look back and know it had happened. No one at that time, however, could say for sure.

What turned the local revolt at Wuhan into a national movement was the proclama- tion of independence by the provinces two months or so. after the October the tenth. events. And most of these provinces were controlled by militarists, conservative. landlords and selfish businessmen, men who had little sympathy for the revolutionaries.

ITE*

way, it was

Seen in this not the strength of the revolutionaries, but the weakness of the Ching dynasty, that mainly accounted for the downfall

of the dynasty. Starting from at least sixty years before 1911 the dynasty already found it more and more difficult to centrally control the militarists and landlord-gentry who remained politically powerful and independent in the provinces. In other words, a process of political decentra- lization (which both external and internal factors explained). weakened the Ch'ing dynasty. The 1911 Revolution provided only a

slight push any other revolt could provide the same slight push but it was the 1911 one that did in history. And the Ching dynasty, rotten to the core as it was for decades, simply collapsed. We or people at that time may think that its supporters such as militarists and landlord-gentry should support it. As it happened, however, they abandoned the dynasty in just a few weeks' time, out of a

selfish desire for power. It

was this reason, not others, that basically explained the end of the Ch'ing.

1980

中學會考試題預習專欄

附加數

(E)

Additional Mathematics (5) ANCY. Shum

(Mill & Dale Press Ltd.)

Exercise 3: Quadratic Equations Worked Examples:

roots of the

equation

xx+税

1. The

2

0 are p and q, find the equation whose

2 roots are

Solution: x+\x+3

Sum of roo

product of roots,

Sum of roots of

new equ

2

• (p−q)2+(y+q)2

2

Land

(p+q)

−2pq+q +(p+q)2 (p+q) =4pq+(p+q)”. (~ x ) = ~4 (19) + ( 1 )2

Product of roots of new equation

(p-q) (p+q)2 [(p+q);

the required equation

2.

(sum of roots)x product of roots.

2

Find the value of that the equation. BX-C

80

Al will have equal X-1

xbx but opposite roots.

Solut

tion

ax

x-bx

~(ax−c)(^\−1):

+ελ

(X+1}x2=(ax+)

Let one root of this equation p Then another root

sun of roots =p+(-p)

+13

+bλ=a+h

X(a+b)=a+b=0

Ans

If

is real the expression

prove that

must lie between two. numbers.

Solution:

Let

the k-5kr+9k=x

· (5k+1)x+9k=0 Since this equation has real roots, we have.

{-{5k+1}, -→4(k) (9k) > 0

-105-1 (11k+1)(k-1) <0

the expressi must lie between

Exercise 3

and 1

Ans

1. If x, are the roots of

the equation ax+bxec=

find the values of

(ax+b) (a+b)

If

the 9 are the roots of

equation {X® +mX+n=0 find the equ on whose rorts are p2+q and

2

Given that px +qy

aitú px+qy=1

(4) Find an quadratic

equationin

of p and qu

Prove that the roo of the quadratic équation. în (i) will be equal if

For the equation

2

{x +mx+n=0, find the

condition that its roots should be in the ratio p:q..

5. For what values of k

the equation

kk+a xx+ä

have its roots

equal in magnitude but opposite in sign?

6. If x is real, prove that

the expression.

2

2

(x2-3x+1) (2x2-3x+2)1 must

lie between two members

Prove that if a, b and c are real, the roots of the equation.

(b−c)x +(c−a)x+(a+b)=U

are also real.

8. Given that y=px2 +qxer and that p is positive, prove that the least value of

4pr-q

4p

is