青教徒奋 真三第張六第 日十初月九年未已夏
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T. C. Rebeiro
Dear Students,
Today I am giving you the answers to last week's exercise on sentence transformation. Merely learning the answers by heart without understanding how they are transformed is useless. I hope you will pay special attention to the explanatory notes attached to each answer.
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Coffee is said to be injurious to health. When an active pattern is changed into a passive, the implied 'doer' of the action (eg some people, someone, somebody) need not be mentioned.
No sooner had he gone out than it rained heavily...
no sooner is used with than in the inverted sentence
Note that pattern. hardly' and 'scarcely' are used with 'when'.
E
Hardly had he left the house when it collapsed.
Scarcely did the old man begin to speak when he fainted.
He speaks in such a loud voice that all of
u can hear him. We
often use an adverb or adjective be- tween 'so' and that', but a noun between
such and that".
He worked so well that he astonished everyone. (adverb)
He was so clever that he could not be defeated in any argument. (adjective) This Is such a good book that you ought to have it. (noun)
She would rather take Vietnamese food, "would rather is used to express a pre- ference. It may also be written as "d Tather'. It is followed by an infinitive without 'to'. To express comparison "than" is used.
e.g
I would rather come later.
I'd rather not do it.
I'd rather be a lawyer than a physician. He is unhappy in spite of his riches. "although' is a conjunction introducing an adverb clause of contrast. In spite of is a group preposition, which should be fol lowed by a noun--or a gerund as object. e.g.
Although he is old, he can do it. In spite of his old age, he can do it,
Note the noun 'riches' is always plural. C.&.
Riches are not always a blessing.
67: Thousands of Vietnamese refugees arrived
in Hong Kong yesterday.
arrive takes no object. A preposition should be used if an object is related to it. arrive in refers to a large place; "arrive at", a small place. (e.g. a destination)
e
My friend will arrive in New York to- *morrow.
When will you arrive at school?
Under no circumstances should you lend shin any money."
Inversion pattern is used in the sentence beginning Under no circumstances', which means 'On no account'..
2.5.
On no account should you yield to his unreasonable demand.
It does not, inatter which of you works with me.
"If the subject is a personal pronoun (e.g. youheshe "we", "they"), ''do not **mind" or "does not mind' is used. If the subject is 'It', 'does not matter' is used.
do not mind whether you agree with me. alt does not matter to me which side may
win or lose 2ving finished the essay, he was told by
he teacher to clean the blackboard. The subject of Having finished' is 'he', not the teacher*.
10. She did not go to the cinema because he
was busy ping her housework.
If sy is followed by a noun, the pre- position with' is used. If it is followed by
a gorund no preposition is needed.
IN
She is busy with her housework.
Hovis busy packing his luggage.
*1 £«The pickpocket robbed me of my purse. Leah the two distinctive patterns for
feal' and 'rob' respectively:-
e.&.
He stole a book from his classmate.
The thief robbed him of his watch. The robber rabbed the bank of six hundred thousand dollars.
12. So-low it her voice that I cannot hear her. When we begin with 'So', we follow this patterni
So clever is he that I cannot keep pace with him.
So. honest is he that he will not tell any lies.
kle studied hard so that he might get a good pass in the examination,
so that in order that'. It is often fallawelthy may' or 'can' to show pur
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He often takes an umbrella in rainy days so that he can keep out the rain.
He works hard so that he may earn more.
14. He suggested that he go shopping.
'suggest' is used in the following patterns:-
e.g.
I suggest that you accompany her home.
I suggest that you should listen to your teacher.
I suggest going for a picnic.
15. The robbers are merciless and so is their
leader.
In such case, 'so' means 'also' introducing a shortened form. It is also used in positive
statements.
eg.
You are clever and so am I. You like music and so do I.
'neither is used in negative statements. e.g,
You are not clever and neither am 1. You don't like music and neither do I.
16. We are not satisfied with her performance
at the concert.
If the subject is 'something, satisfy' is used in the active voice.
If the subject is 'somebody', 'satisfy' is used in the passive voice.
The same rule may be applied to all other verbs of feeling such as ‘astonish', ‘amaze', "Interest', 'surprise", ‘shock', 'disgust” etc.
e.g.
His acrobatic skill astonished me.
I am astonished at his appearance.
His contemptuous manners arnazed mo.
I was amazed at his conduct. Høg story interests me.
I am very much interested in that book,
The news of her suicide surprises me.
I am surprised at his winning the race.
17. He walked so fast that I could not catch
up with him.
The pattern 'so + adj. or adv. + that ...' shows a result and is similar in meaning to the too...to' pattern.
6.8.
He was so drunk that he couldn't stand. He was too drunk to stand.
He is so honest that he will not accept a bribe.
He is too honest to accept a bribo.
18. He finds it easy to solve the problem.
It is wrong to say 'He is easy to solve the problem. The same rule may be applied
to "hard", "possible", "impossible difficult”.
4.g.
I find it hard to do this exercise.
I find it possible to find a way out.
I find it impossible to convince her.
I find it difficult to work overnight.
19. You had better further your studies
abroad.
had better' is preceded by a personal subject meaning 'prefer to and followed by an infinitive without 'to'.
Note that would be better' is preceded by
'it'.
ex
It would be better for you to choose teaching as your life career.
I had better consult you as you are an expert in this field.
20. There was a fire happening in a squatters'
settlement the other day.
+
A participle (present or past) is commonly used after the There is... pattern.
4.g.
There is a boy running across the road. There is a soldier wounded by his enemy. 21. Peter enjoyed singing hit songs.
'enjoy' is one of the verbs followed by a getund. Here is a list of those verbs:- avoid, consider, deny, excuse, fancy, finish, imagine, keep, mind, miss, practise,- postpone, risk, suggest, tolerate, under- stand.
ዶ.g.
Students should try to avoid coming to school late.
My uncle said that he would consider offering me a post in his firm.
Would you mind closing the window? 22. He was called a liar.
It is wrong to say He was called as a liar." 'as' should not be put after 'called'..
2.8+
He was called John.
In China there is a festival called the Mid- Autumn Festival. -
23. On hearing the bad news, she burst into
tears.
'burst into' is followed by a noun; 'burst out' is followed by a gerund.
When she saw the horrible accident, she burst out crying.
24. Were you to telephone her, you would
understand the whole situation.
were you to if you were to".
€.g
Were you to break the school regulations again, you would be expelled.
If you were to break the school regulations again, you would be expelled.
25. He had no intention of cheating you.
intention is followed by the preposition 'of' and a gorund, not an infinitive. But
He prefers tea to coffee. (noun)
He prefers going for a swim tô watching television. (gerund)
He prefers to go shopping rather than stay at home. (infinitive)
28. It was too expensive for him. too' implies a negative sense.
e.&.
He is too fat to run fast.
He is so fat that he cannot run fast.
29. However poor he is, he is honest.
·
A sentence beginning with however" and
an adjective shows a contrast.
Gg.
However rich he is, he is unhappy. However hard he tried, he could not open the door,
30. He is likely to arrive before the school bell. 'probably' is an adverb whereas “likely* in an adjective. So likely' is preceded by 'is' 'am' or 'are' and followed by an infinitive. eg.
He is likely to succeed in his career. It is likely to rain soon.
31. My mother insisted on my going shopping
. with her..
insist' is followed by a preposition and a gerund but never an infinitive. Note that "my', not 'me' should be used with gerund. 4.g.
I insisted on his joining us next time. He insisted on my coming to see him. 32. He laid emphasis on the importance of
co-operation.
No preposition is needed after the verb 'emphasize' but the noun emphasis' is used with the preposition 'on'.
2.8.
That teacher emphasizes punctuality, and honesty.
The principal lays special emphasis on his students' conduct.
33. By whom is the window broken?
who becomes by whom when the sentence is transformed from the active to passive voice.
e.g.
Who robbed the bank?
By whom was the bank robbéd?
34. Your parents are satisfied with your
examination results.
'satisfied' is a participle (that is, part of a verb), whereas satisfactory describes something.
`I am satisfied with your progress.
Your performance at the concert is satis factory.
35. I wish you would pass the examination.
'wish' as used here is referred to impossible or untrue actions. Notice the tenses used in the following patterns:
8.g.
I wish that it would not rain rO-MONTOW.
I wish that he gave me the money now.
I wish that I had worked hard last year.
36. My friend asked me whether I could pay
the bill for him.
-
If a question is transformed into the reported speech, either whether or
is used as a conjunction.
e.&
•
I asked my friend whether he knew the answer to this problem.
The teacher asked the students // they understood the lesson.
37. No other district in Kowloon is more
populous than Mongkok.
Mongkok' is also a district; to make sense, the word 'other' is indispensable.
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No other jewel is more precious than diamond.
No other flower is more beautiful than
rose.
38. That ruler is longer than this one.
*not so long as" means not longer than".
David is not so tallas Tom.
Tom is taller than David.
39. The weather being fine, we went for a
picnic.
'being' is a participle referred to the weather', not "we',
The above sentence can be replaced by: The weather was fine, so we went for a picnic.
e.g.
The sea being smooth, we went for a sail. The sea was smooth, so we went for a mil. 40. Instead of going shopping, we went to the
cinema.
"Instead of is followed by a gerund or e noun. So. these two sentences may be combined to form a simple sentence with the preposition instead of".
e.g.
We did not stay at home. We went for a swim.
Instead of staying at home, we went for a swin
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intend' is followed by an infinitive (more | Anaver All questions in common) or a gerund (less common).
e.g.
I have no intention of making you Engry,
I do not intend to hurt youï
What does he intend doing today?
26. It was clever of John to solve the problem. This pattern puts emphasis on the word 'clover'.
e.g.
You are kind enough to help me in this
way.
It is kind of you to help me in this way. (more emphatic)
27. He prefers Geography to History.
'prefer is used in the following patterns.
eig.
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O is the centre
I figure
qircle, LAED=84" und 200-70 2 Find ☎
A
Figure 1
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二期星
日十三月十年九七九一座公年八十六國民誊中
3. If x-x-4-0, find the value
of (x-1).
5. In figure 2, O is the centre
of the circlé, DA=00=10cm
and LÃ08-120°. Find the area of the shaded region. (take X=3.14)
Figure 2
5. In figure 3, LÄH¢90o,
[CAB=30", {cun=45° and AD×10. Find the length of LC.
Figure 3
A
10 D
45"
6. If, prove that
(a+b)(c+d)=(b+c)2.
7. Find the value of k if
*"y"▲8kx+20y+125×0
represents a point circle. 8. Prove the identity
(1+tan®)2+(1-tane)”.
Section B
2
COS A
19. à equilateral triangle bar
a perimeter of 30cm. Another triangle is formed by joining the mid-points of the sides of the given triangle, another is formed by joining the mid-points of the sides of the 2nd triangle and so on. Find
(*) the sum of perimeters all
triangles so formed, (b) the sum of areas of all triangles so formed. 19. The cost of making a
painted ball varies partly as the aquare and partly as the cube of its radius. If the cost of a painted ball of radius. 12cm is $37.5 and
that of radius Sem is $175,
find the cost of a ball whose radius is hem, 11, AR shown in figure 3, from
a point A on the horizontal ground due south of a tower, the angle of 'elevation of C, the top of a tower, is 25o. From a paint , on the same horizontal ground, due east
of the tower, the angle of elevation of C la 9. Find
if the distance between the points of observation is four times au thệ height of the › tower.
12. In figure 4, ABC is a
right angled triangle with right angled at C. AEC, CDB and ACH are semi-circle's with diameters AC, CB and AB. Find the ratio of the area of the shaded region to the area of triangle ABC.
E
E
paused in Mathematice and English; 30 pessed in English only; 40 pasuod in Chinese only; 20 passed in Mathematics only. There are altogether 40 passed in Mathematics.
(n) If a student is picked
at random, find the
probability that he
passed in
(i) all three subjects, (ii) one subject only, (ii) no subject,
(b) if a student is picked
at randog-from those who passed in English, find the probability that he also passed in Mathematics.
16. A farmer has 25 acres of
land, $1000 capital and 120 man-days of labour to prepare for two crops A and A. The cost per acre for suwing crop A is $20 and that for crop R is $50. Crop A takes 6 man- days per acre, while crop B takes 3 man-days per acre. The profit on crop A is $11 per acre and that on crop B ie $18 per acre, If the farmer spent x acres and y acres of land for crop A and. crop В respectively, (a) Write down the
constraints in teras of x and y.
(b) Write down the profit in
terus of x and y.
(c) Using the provided graph,
find the values of x and y if he wants to have maximum profit.
(d) What is this maximum
profit?
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13. Plot the graph of
3*1+3x-2x2 (-2 4 x £ 4) (1) What is the greatest.
value of y? (ii) by drawing suitable
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linear graph, solve the equatiop 2x2-3x-3=1 (111) Almo, by drawing another
suitable linenr graph, find the value of .
14. In figure 5. AB is parallel
to CD, AB-BE and CD-CE.
it -, xq and BE:EC=1:2 (1) express ÃË in terms of
and
(11) express DE in terms of
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15. 200 studente took
examinations in English, Chinese and Mathematics, 27 passed in Chinese and English; 15 passed in Chinese and Netheïktič■; 10
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(iii) Hence, or otherwise,
prove that AE is perpendicular to DE
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