1979-10-13 — Page 26

真二張七第日三廿月八年未己歷夏 WAH KIU YAT PO

報日僑

•

小九 學三十。

名电人班

及齡,參劃躲民反莲一, 一,四民與驗的 豪計 甘地

學日安路 取格 中項 中學 師舉。 微班 處可

練訓袖領界學

二街平

五大澱

行舉日明劃計

做官地 豬男十二。先師十年於氣

成輈卷淄廿日,格等一

務艙的亦分

昨

2.反,邨千葉加名

八宿 稍是更鉏 ·個計新,衆聯隊 野服投

經濟

(~)

明德出版社玌靠平提供資料

盧家傑。

Economics (1)

Basic Concepts

1. Wants

People have many wants, ranging from the primary wants arising from the biological requirements such as the need for food and drink, to the secondary wants created and determined by culture such as the desires to watch movie, listen to music, study at university, etc.

Since resources available for each individual are limited. he or she cannot have all his or her wants satisfied, but. only some of them. Therefore, for each individual there is a hierarchy of wants. Wants which are basic and important will be given the first priority and will be satisfied first. 2. Utility

By utility is meant the level of satisfaction which a person obtains when Consuming a certain commodity. The measurement of utility is subjective and varies from person to person, as well as from commodity. Different people may obtain different utility when consuming the same comodity.

•

As a person increases the consumption of a certain commodity by one unit, the extra level of satisfaction he obtains is called Marginal

Utility. Marginal Utitlity tends to diminish as one increases the amount of the consumption of a certain commodity successively. This is called The Law of Diminishing -- Marginal Utility.

3. Wealth

Wealth can be defined as a stock of goods existing at a particular time. Wealth possesses utility and money value. It is limited in supply and capable of being transferred. Wealth can be of an individual, a society, and organisation, a nation, or the world.

4. Economic and free goods

Goods are defined as those which yield satisfaction to the consumers who use them. They can be classified as free goods and economic goods..

Free foods are unlimited in supply, e. g. air, sunshine. They do not bear prices

because consumers can get them for use as many as they need.

Economic goods are limited in supply. They bear prices because they are demanded by consumers but cannot be supplied with . unlimited quantities, e.g. car, pen, house, book, etc. 5. Scarcity and Choice

People's wants are many, but the resources for making. goods and services are limited in supply, Resources àre scarce in the sense that, everyone's wants cannot be Batisfied fully or forever, even when all resources have been, well utilised to produce goods and services. Therefore, it is

|可申參加,但均計算機之運用,由最

功外,已經懂得取

梁于,除埋首於繁忙的

(TE)***

natural that people's

innumerable wants are

constrained by limited supply of natural resources in the

world. Scarcity' arises when

everyone tries to maximise his total level of satisfaction 'derived from the consumption

of certain commodities and services.

As scarcity arises, people must make a choice since they cannot have all their wants satisfied fully. They have to sacrifice some of their wants in order to meet other needs. Choice is therefore very. important for every individual as long as scarcity of resources exists.

6. Opportunity cost

Since scarcity of resources exists and people must make choice in arranging resources in different lines of production, the production of certain commodities implies the sacrifice of ther commodi- ties that could be, produced by the same resources,

By the opportunity cost of production is meant the alternative uses of factors of production which are necessarily sacrificed by using those resources in a particular way..

For example, a person with a certain amount of money can buy a new car or a new boat, If he buys the car, the

opportunity cost of his action

would be the boat.

附加數

(-)

明德出版社岑僕店提供資料 Additional Mathematics (1)

This is a series of

exercises on Add, Matha..

Paper I & Paper II which cover the syllabus of the HKÇEE. Individual topics will be dealt with first, and after this, a general révision in the form of KCEE papers yill he given. Candidates will surely find that the se exercises are of great help to them in preparing for the examination.

Exercise 1: Indices and Logarithms,

1. Simplify;

Solution:

3/3-1y

ま

3

2. Simplify 3(2)-h(2¤~?

Solution: The expression

3(2)-2(2)(22)

(3-2-2)

2" (142)

3. Solve, the following

equations:

(a) Jogx+2=16g(1+x) (b) 680-h9*+5 Solution:

་་

(Ana)

(AUS)

Logx+log100=log(1+x) 10g100x=1og(1+x)

科龙 科魚

苯 電子算機運用班

欺手独的嘉赫试于滑蕙|灬月七日,十四日, |建西岸志行將爲中媒|爲十月三十一日,十 (EK) SEEN, ****C-¤£RE

二月五日,十二日及十

由下午1晤十五分開給

報名十八止截 則先報先取,

100x1+x

六期星

日三十月十年九七九一层公年八十六國民中 ★教僑華

一一餸,科在考而生丸

MOR-

+ B****EN-E

(K)ZKZ)

教署爲數科教師辦

|逊网协况予以考康。」一中午十二點。 稱:「考生真需其他灶上午九時至下午五時, 格雷情况格者,將按 星期六則由上午九時至 (陸甲國集與乙)分的地址爲路&街十 TEKENKMEKS BOOK ERES 香港游然局發台人七號。將公時間週日

日灬生年龄已足二十三歲, #1248ART | ,該五科中必須包括有一點出爲香港軍各廠 在同一次考试中演五|格盤件的正本,. [ PRELEGENK - - BEKABERETÉ 而又會參與香港中學會安的報名費格交測,說 | RK04 ] [ ] «** } *#* -ZELFIS 生必須親自將 *KEW***

(乙)甘品與前香港中文大學入學安格 ****

並孜備其出一文科

1

x= -99

(ans)

(b) The equation can be

written as

49*-5(7*)-686=0} (72)*-5(7*)-686=U (7*)2~5(7*)-686=0 y2-5y-686-0 where y=7* (y-49)(y+14)=0. yu49, or

.*. 7*-49

Exercise 1

-14 (neglected)

972

x=2.

1. Simplify (a)

92x+2 (b)

•6 (4

2. Simplify (a)

(b)

51 +235 (5 9(5)

6(3′′+1)=3"~1

3. Find the value of

log/8-log/125+10g/127

logo-log5

4. Solve for y in the

following equations: (a) log(y+3)+logy*1.

(b) (2010)2-106103-6-0

5. Solve for x in the

following equations:

(4) 32x+2(3*)=15

(b)25*=125-4(5*+1}

明德出版社胡應亮提供資料 HISTORY (1)

Philip Y. L. Woo

Forget about the past. Forget about history y Think of the future, and what do you see?

Possibilities. Things that may, not will, happen, Things you think may happen. of course you can predict what you will do after graduation in secondary school. Somehow you know what you will become, although" you can never be sure. But imagine the tremendous challenge if you are told to outline the entire course and sweep of "future history,* Bits and pieces of guess, hunch 'and reasoning there's got to be

but all of them are some, products of your imagination. You can, and people do, make educated guess. That is, one can guess intelligently, and predict some thing that likely occurs. The, point, however, is that how can you make educated guess of the future without a sound knowledge of what has happened, How can you say whạt your schoolmate Peter will do after form- 5 if you know nothing about Peter' background, his ` family, his likes and dislikes, his school record, his everything? In thinking about the futurb without being well informed of the past, you are speculating, not reasoning, There indeed are people absorbed in this sort of thing. We call them day-dreamers. There are even people engaged in speculation as an academic subject in other countries. The subject is called Zuturologý

a study of what the future will be. So all you have to dọ -- when learning in class” at school

is to wit back, close your eyès, let loose your imagination, and get a distinction in that subject. One day such a subject may become popular in Hong Kong.

Until then,

考會度程等高年零八

索待格表名報生修自 迫情期後免名報早儘須必生考

中已E必專靜;五,會一:以凡南

報或及五一相會 生下手九

please be

若爾乙體包上試公安 麥格 新十生五於

content with history, not futurology.

I've often come across

students, who, when being told to study history, say that what their ideal in life lies in the future, that let past be past, and that to go back to the past is pessimistic, unprogressive and conservative. Bismarck, Mussolini or Hitler --- all dead persons, whom we have no concern for. In saying all this, a youngster appears bright, optimistic, confident,ready, to take up and neet challenges of the future, seeing all future things iu rosy colours. I'm personally not the slightest against`. young men who behave like all this, I'm only, when you tell me you are of that opinion, associating it with a little kid who says "I want to become a great scientist" when his parents ask him what he wants to become. To look- ahead towards the future ready to accept future struggle is a good moral quality, although it is a quality engier said than done. To stop crying over past mis- takes and be determined to correct them in future is. also a good thing. But what has all this thing to do with history? The above moral qualities ure proper attitudes towards life. But history is not a teaching of attitudes towards life. Ethics is, but history is not. The past is the object of the study of history. A history student can be deeply interested in history and at the same time look ahead to the future optimistically. I just don't see why the two are linked up together. It's just like you like reading mysterous. stories of tricky cunning plots without being tricky and cunning yourself. If you become tricky and cunning after reading a novel of tricky and cunning stories. just as if you become pessimistic and conservative after studying history, well,

psychiatrist. I'm beginning 'you had better go see a

to wonder whether the anti- history argument is just an excuse employed by us to cover up our laziness in learning. It's always easier to open a big and loud mouth to talk of the future, which needs, no efforts in academic learning, than to spend 'nights reading up history `

books those meaningless products of the past. But We are ourselves the products of the past.

Not only that. We try to make use of the past in the present. We seize upon history in support of our society and culture. The communiats explain history us a-series of clags struggles, the aim of which is to arouse ignorant peasants and workers in revolt against the middle clase. The USA claims to be the first deancratic country in the world by emphasizing the glorious and successful American War of Independence against British rule in 1776. Two hundred years later, in 1976, the event was celebrated as a thing of natiopal' importance therefore history, in the present' world. The political usefulness can be cortaing promotion of national unity among American citizen's, enhancement of the inter- national status that the USA enjoys, especially when the

American

VECKENSZEN

生報名表格,現可和

vithdrawal

Vietnam earlier

[遥萨]一九八不

年香港高程度會孜自

from

had seriously

hurt American prestige. In short, history is "used" in

our present, and whether willing or not, we live in al world shaped by history.

I'm trying to justify the study of history here, not only because you have the certificate examination to sit for (which to you may be the most important thing that patters), but because history is part of us. No one can escape from it, Something that may happen in the long future happens right now, and then, all of a sudden, the event pasges into history, and has become part of the past and was the past itself. The process is on going, nonstop. By the time this passage appears on newspaper before your eyes, it was history as far as the moment I wrote wrote it is concerned.

it

But the dead past is not away from us, The Taiwanese government is still emphasi- zing that it was Sun Yat-sen who brought about the 1911 Revolution, in order to show that the Kuomintang under. Chiang Kai-shek whom

Sun Yat-sen trusted had always been the rightful heir to the, revolution and there- fore new China. In fact, historians have shown that Sun Yat-sen had played, not that great a role in the overthrow of the Ching dynasty. All 5'm trying to Bay is not political propaganda; it's just that. history has the function of of distinguishing the right and the false even in the present.

Do you remember when Mao Tse-tung died in 1976,: we were shocked nevertheless although we were psycholoġi- cally prepared for it? Do you remember that our routinized and unexciting days were so often disturbed by ʼn piece of spectacular news of television, news that would make history? Do you think time flows like a river,' and men 'and heroes and winners and losers are only poor creatures floating in it,;

drifting along helplessly? When historical giant died when an age-old empire nway, was overthrown, when the American astronauts succeeded in landing on the moon, we were filled with excitement,

or a sense of pity, or, happiness, or sadness, or

some misgiving, or some sober respect, or some sarcastic thoughts, or ever some feare and tears and laughters? llave you ever had the experience of re-capturing and screening through the little insignifi- cant events in your childhood?. A sense of history, in short, is always with us. It is only through exploring it that we survive in the present as a thing and feeling buman being. It is. only through the strong sense of history, of the past, that we can confidently face up to the future, to the challenges and neovoidable struggles waiting for ja,

be

Viowed in this way, future, the present and the pust are tant filings that exclude onté dugtien. The three together mykerum mistory, and history s time "Kitaoulfa, We livě, only sin time, an we then nbgleët history.

Next time, singer will he an article in this blatory column on modern East Asia. The form is not fixed,