1979-07-23 — Page 20

WAH KIU YAT PO

% 方便工人子弟

漁灣社區會堂

舉辦舊書代售服務

是好日內 時半六在L務,及健式去

於期間年。日榮腿。深格,年般

【新歡手考 只四燃。月

以下尖沙咀胍工作

男女均可,月薪一千元。

品質控制一名

年三十至五十歲- 港島區工作

男性,且八百至一千元

·商塲管理屣一名

中五程度,其兩年成次棷瓷經,曾打字,

,男性,月薪約一千五百元。

- 中學程度 - 捷英,略【水電爲,四十

,具五年駕駛美國大風車經驗,無不良祀餘,

政府醫院什工多名

男性,月薪九百九十元,生活津貼。 能旒利É語及察馬簡單中文三路,十九

頁四第張五第6日十三月六年未己歷夏

阴腰的

內而

人

烈

斷

費七內樂集上本日半日 那七人一之述,下至七。優榮以 压特疎收织午九月地代項工鮫

主管指示

示手工

何時間質

硬自除

三漁月務租之

到內曲際,所於让肚大

·曾售辦及 墟月時會至今去玆 售代抵

袭瓦然用二

三際油類會 限日晚妆十期面提過服響服

盒子堂

寄在登、人缺味

(七浩 俩犯學士外

港大七蕸事外其於組 芒果显大九臨,他那尚 十二地;十聯级有公有 五漁下一九絡聘用

二號,請證間任

規格,才會做競爭一九道三十號地下,電話,就——五七〇〇二

克而又泛米,除了有著五樓,還說:三六九五五二五年(六)九

工夫。又拆又揀) 香港仔贡竹坑邨码利大厦地下,電話:五千

夫。翻件幹不

,亟工之得栅除

【又於工安外不了雜

有無錯漏,趕,000

·夫在七夜的。至於一(九》九鹤旺角花園街一百八十五號地下,雙路

,即使是計件工友」,電話:M-K111--(八)九龍宫塘到

「九界四二

三屯桃九水地团九街器

·要因剧人的大意,而娶我手再做,即使受面不實一直有大樓,這點:L-CONSTANCE 「月薪成日標的工友、而对相已做妥了的工夫,又一“三九一七五;(十)九淡漠水塔记无梅 新界沙㴶打供行大国四樓,远話:

,背地也會哄喋不休抱著自己歉錄,越有作

千二十

“人家群瑱訂明·安·因袖色代替野所拍三十一號地下道路:三十人九00 (

楚

世界歷史科(三)

建議參考資料 明德出版社提供

Militarism

eagerness for foreign adven: tures among militarists

thirsting for an opportunity

to embarrass and bring down the civil government by condemning its weak foreign, policy

belief among militarists that Japan's national interests in China must be protected by brute force:

Exp:

nsionism

The Great Depression eagerness among Japanese to find relief in external Cadventures:

As you switch your memory to the situation in China, you will notice that after 1928 China was unified under the rule of

Chiang Kai-shek, at least: nominally、This was something: solid and tangible. Less tangible is the rise of modern Chinese nationalism since at least the May Fourth Movement of 1919. It is not difficult, you should know, to remember these facts. The question is how to relate them to the phenomenon: 「of Japanese expansionism.The

links can be:

「Unification of China since 1928

Threats to Japanese interests în China

|The KMT's attemptat |centralizing rule over

China and-regaining the interests that Japan had enjoyed, especially in Manchuria

1

(Rise of

Chinese

nationalism

Anti-Japanes

nature of

Chinese nationalism

Fear among Japanese that their 「interests in

China will The threatened.

Japan's aggression jagainst

China since 1931

話,近

What about the international circumstances? Many Japanese

in the 1920s believed that unfavourable to Japan's

interests in China. What circumstances were they?

The Western great powers like Britain and the United States.

Disregard for

Japan's interests in China

|Unwilling to

admit Japan as their equals

Japan's adoption ofk expansionism in foreign policy

Fear among Japanese of the spread of communism and the loss of Japanese interests

Active in strengthening power and influence near

Soviet Russia

As for the facts about the Japanese expansionism in the period 1931-1945, there is not much to worry about if you know the important ones, which are:

1. Japanese conquesting... →

Manchuria after the Mukden Incident(an excuse manu- factured by some Japanese militarists to commit- aggression) in September 18, 1931

Creation of Manchukuo in-- Manchuria indirectly under Japanese control; extension of the Manchukue boundary southwards towards China. 3. The Tangku Truce in 1933

between the Kwantung Army. (Japanese army in Manchuria) and local Chinese officials (the truce recognized the boundary of Manchukuo that was extended to the areas of the Great Wall):

4. Extension of Japanese.

..influence in Eastern

Mongolia, Hopei and Chahar in Northe China: The China

Incident: (Lukouchiao Indidant) of July 7, 1937 - after which Japan Cinvaded China on full scale. 6. The Japanese attack on

Pearl Harbour; on December 8, 1941 - which led to the outbreak of the Pacific War between Japan and the United States. The consequent Japanese expansion towards Southeast Asia, overthrowing and occupying western colo colonies.

報日僑華

一期星

安健適當 ̇

|貴,但消發先求物

日三十月七年九七九一圈公年八十六國民華中 育敌人工

物色篇

带;狀。 出保一 ,愛熊但又時工值,若能飾

月,一致通所於顯我認可存友的“人 爱极撈當的以天然 别篇得欸就生 家

一化所,向他數多工他因利近壓正

部

「物價「禾雀亂飛」消費者爭取權益

多走幾步多作比較

物有所值避免吃虧

不惑者

之街頭孩 愿指交自

媽做了您無

政及翻成有夫來手,何那有一蹊人呀

日常生活,必佾後,所付 現 Da羮責的人失禁 來,工央做不

若干行業工友提供購便宜貨經驗

」的時候,消变所付 但在缸物馆「禾雀亂飛 我問典:「三個月之前一 不錯,值優枪付者也。」東西,謀價七元一瓶,把紙不好之贴了转個一直放

一值;再求心有所安。」

「震物件,基德蜍醒與單一店,問間低,但可免 未被潮工友說出邇一樣可以烤到,多走一

值者-不被遷來也,斯謝至工友也

因粗值,工安,牟利的,一店作沒有回答,我 的代價,各有某間和園對許

「安者,心理上證候服務,单兩天,去一間商店就

你想我

作想

嗎

有等差。阿灣天,我們使用 勞工處介紹職業

垭工友裤:「我

[食記枝,大家平分,平至十元。百至橋非個

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一磅。無他,

司機一名

*一具的們積工作們器 目的,,也善友,

風們是我不露 加况离牙息

有

胶頭崙 日日兌

賭撈又前?低分形架下

一陝乎在,化生活 何辆八二出廠

盘不一保健容法七五上降

含食的個况易自然霔酒銀

馬球儼似,見由存

全値港利:

際營的

苷。

做的吗工要做如再不依他的至 自工。一央把的此做對你個,人 括己夫。做其工大完”的,做出 已可大量,进不他夫意?何指不翻了,

瓦夫型? 開你去 有若了钂質我慢,老始問號抬夫料 家飄啊,是也下戴江陪我

In mentioning the last of the above, you have to spend some efforts discussing the back- ground to the Pacific War. The reason is that the march: towards Southeast Asia. formed

part of Japan's expansionist design, Some explanation must be given as to why the Japanese found it necessary to engage in further expansion even after the attempt to.. conquer China after 1937. The following are some: i. The war with China dragged

on without success after 1945. It therefore made Japan welcome an opportuni- ty to break the deadlock.. 2. The attempted conquest of.

China angered American opinions. As the United States raised an economic war against Japan (i.e. banning the sale of oil, what Japan needed most): Japanese militarists believed it was amatter of life-and- death to knock out the United States and get hold of oil. supplies from Southeast Asia

What were the relations between the Kuomintang (KMT) and the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) in the Second Sino Japanese War (1937-1945)? Describe the events that in the end led up to the outbreak of a full-scale civil war between the KMT and the CCP in 1946.

The Second Japanese War lasted from 1937 to 1945, so you are not supposed to discuss the relations between the KMT and : the CCP before the period. Many students thought that only in the early 1930s (when the KMT conducted a number of: extermination campaigns against the CCP, which in the end paradoxically resulted in the Second United Front against Japan) did the KMT and the CCP have any dramatic relations. This belief is untrue. In fact, although not much happened between the two parties during. the war against Japan, it was. during these years that despite outward cooperation, their relations: deteriorated) thereby paving the way for the outbreak of a civil war after 1945. Say all this in the introduction part of

your essay if you like.

Point out, first of all, that after the Sian Incident' of 1936, the KMT and the CCP agreed to cooperate in resisting any

| Japanese aggression on China. It was a common stand against external enemies, setting aside. any internal rivalry and jealousy

so, with the Japanese And invasion of China after July 7 1937, the KMT and the CCP formally into an alliance a United Front. The KMT was

recognized, as head of th wa

番薯的杻 潘沉欸:

迷利!

蠻賭息

心博得 無料

態不 西高濃度償 雜吧,七

只見工廠 不,龙七、

離欲人

Chinese government; it thereby. gained in considerable popularity among patriotic Chinese. The CCP's Red Army, which Mao Tse-tung led to Yenan of Shensi fin Northwestern China alter the

Long March (1934-35), was reorganized as the Eighth Route 「Army within the KMT's national

army You must, however, point out that although it was under Chiang Kai-shek's nominal: power, the Eighth Route Army continued in practice to be an Independent possession of the. CCPA

· - Did the two sides cooperate, with each other against the Japanese invaders as they were expected to in the United Front? -The answer is no. As the KMT

was driven by Japan to Southwest China, the CCP stayed in the northwestern region to begin a guerilla warfare with the Japanese The United Front existed in name only, with the two parties following policles independently

More than this, the KMT. and the CCP ran into conflicts on many occasions, The reason. was that both sides tries to make use of the war-time conditions to undermine the other's power. The CCP reached out from the Northwest, penetrated the extensive rural areas in North and Central China (which the Japanese failed to control because of the lack of adequate manpower), and worked for the- establishment of communist bases among the peasants in (preparation for a final take-over

of power after the defeat of Japan. The KMT, on the othe: hand, put down many of the peasant organizations that the CCP set up. In reaction, the CCP condernned the KMT for not distributing weapons among the peasants for resistance to the Japanese. In 1941, the CCP's New Fourth Route Army ran into armed conflict with the KMT's troops in the central

Vanine region. Hatred and distrust between the two sides dee pened.

Thereafter, the KMT spent much of its efforts on building up a blockade against the CCP. held areas in the northwest. It was said that as many as half a million KMT troops. were ordered for the purpose... Towards the last years of the war, both the EMT and the CCP retrained from occupying too imany of their own iroops in the war against Japan; both darties expected a renewed military struggle after the war and conserved their strength for the meantime. Despite some American efforts at mediation, both the KMT and the CCP looked forward to niastery over China after the

消失

極

工人世界

在通貨膨脹百物騰貴之影响下

許多工友量入爲出

部份工友盡情揮霍

Japanese collapse.

Sich is a brief outline of the KMT-CCP relations during the war. The broad features should not be left out, Add in: facts to support then if you remember any, but stick to what is being asked-——— the relations between the two parties.

As for the main events that in the end led upto the outhreak of a full-scale civil war in 1946 just start from the Japanese

surrender after the atomic bombs in 1945, and their proceed tothe event that. happened next. You should remark on how the KMT and the CCP competed with each other to seize Japanese- held territories and Japanese military supplies, The US transported KMT troops back to

major Chinese cities by air, while Soviet Russia let CCP

| troops. occupy much of

Manchuria. The controntation |between the two sides led to a

renewal of armed struggle.

The

嘴!

Communists controlled much of 「 North China's country side,

especially in Manchuria.

Meanwhile, the Americans tried to mediate to prevent a full-scale civil war in China. • Both the KMT add the CCP: accepted.the American preposedd peace talks so as to win sympathy among nationalist Chinese. But both sides lacked sincerity in negotiations. The US sent" General Marshall to arrange a ceasc-fire of the civil war and help organize a government where both the KMT and the CCP were represented. However when Marshall returned to the US to arrange a loan for the future coalition government of China. the KMT and the CCP were represented. Howevere when Marshall returned to the US to arrange a loan for the future coalition government of China, the KMT and the CCP again ran into conflicts. The CCP announced the creation of the People's Liberation Army (PLA)-A full-scale civil wary

was on.

The answer to this que is necessarily narritive. Argumentation may be included from time to time, such as some

explanation as to the reasons for the KMT-CCP rivalry and hostility or the causes for the outbreak of a full-scale civil at war in 1946. But taken as a whole, the question expects you). to point out the significant events and steps through which an united fronted between the EMT and the CCP in the end resulted: in the direct opposite armed struggle.

open

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