1979-06-06 — Page 19

6六月六年九七九一公年八十六國民中

FRANCE LIBRARY

育教僑華頁三第張五第二日二十月五年未已屬

WAM KIU YAT PO

郭日倫

期星

while carbon dioxide:

(vi) The zygospore.

endition that is unfavour

1979

國中學會考試題預習專欄:

causes hollow spaces in them:

生物科建議參考資料 明德出版社提供

(a)(i) 4

(ii)(1)

BIOLOGY

Suggested solutions to

Biology Paper...

}(a)(i) The upward and outward.

movement of the ribs.

It is brought about by the contraction of intercostál muscles:

Inspiration.

The movement increases the diameter, and there- fore the volume of the pleural cavity. As a result, the pressure in the lungs is reduced and the greater atmospheric

pressure forces air into the lungs

(1) Clip X.

1) Bicarbonate indicator.

solution in flask. Q will

e forced out through

the other tube.

~((ii) Flask P yellow

Flask Qorange-red

(iv) The air breathed out.

de contains more carbon dioxide than the air

breathed in:

v) The air breathed out

contains less oxygen and more water vapour than the air breathed in, (vi) Lime water (calcium

hydroxide s

solution).

(c)(i) Glucose solution, yeast:

cells and alcohol.

(ii) The wash-bottle prevents

foreign substances (e.g.

oxygen, micro-organisms

from entering and

disturbing the fermentation:

(i) Step 1: to kill the cells-

and stop the chemical changes in them Step 3: to remove waxy substances on the disc surface and decolorize the discs so that color change at step 5 can be observed clearly.

(iii) The leaf discs become

blue black.

(iv) The reddish brown color

of the iodine solution may interfer the observation. (v) Starch is absent. It is

because the

non-pigmented part of the leaf contains no photosynthetic pigments (e.g. chlorophyll) which are essential for photosynthesis and therefore starch is not manufactured.

(b)(i):12:30 pm - 1:00 p. m.

Since light intensity at. that time is the highest, plants in the rice field carry out photosynthesis at the fastest rate of the day.

Carbon dioxide is

raw material for photosynthesis, therefore the rate of carbon dioxide taken in at that time is

highest. As a result;" carbon dioxide

the

concentration between the leaves is at its lowest.

oxygen

conc

7%)

process, but allows the

release of gas produced

in the flask.

(i) Glucose

yeast

Alcohol

Carbon dioxide

+ (Heat Energy).

I There is a rise in the

thermometer reading.

since heat energy is produced during the process.

(v) To use lime water

(or bicarbonate indicator solution) instead of water in the wash-bottle,

To test carbon dioxide

(vi) (D) 1. Glucose is used up

The concentration of alcohol increases and retards the activity of the yeast. cells

(2) The absence of bubbling

and the coagulation of dead yeast cells cause the contents to become: clear

Alcohol produced by the process adds flavour to the bread and cakes,

6 mid-6

mid- night am. day p.m. night

(c)(i) 1. The covered area is

more moist.

The petri dish provi a closed system soz that loss of spores does not occur and they can germinate. in the covered area. (i) Saprophytism. (iii) The rhizoid of the mould

secretes enzymes to digest the bread to soluble and diffusible forms which are then absorbed into the hyphae by means of diffusion.

(v) Conjugation

sporangium

sporan giophore

stolon rhizoid

(sexual reproduction).

#

It is surrounded by a thick. wall which allows it to

withstand cold and drought.

3(a)(1) Short leg is the dominant

character.

(A)

(B)

Parents:

Gametes

F1

Nn

normal leg

short leg

(2)

F1:

Gametes:

F2:

short lég

NÄ Na .n.

normal leg:

(iii) As a result of meiosis,

F1 gametes contain only half the chromosome number as F1 generation. However, the fusion of two FI gametes during fertilization restores the same number of chromo- some in F2 generation as F1 generation. (b)(i)1. Erector muscles.

They contracts and raise the hair so that air is trapped between the hair Since air is a poor conductor, it forms an insulating layer on the skin surface and can reduce heat loss.

Skin capillaries. They constrict so that less blood flows to the surface and less heat 1s lost by radiation and convection

(1) Sweating

In hot weather, the removal of heat from skin by radiation and convection

not effective; the most effective way to remove heat is by evaporation of Sweating is necessary in hot weather. (ii) The wild mammals will

have thicker coat and a thicker layer of subcutaneous fat.

(iv) Frogs are cold-blooded

and become less active in cold weather. Therefore they have to hibernate in winter to escape enemies and shortage of food. (c)(i) North-east.

(ii) An explanation is that the the tree stands at the northern hemisphere

where sunshine from the

able to the growth of

terrestrial algae. Another

possible explanation is

that the tree stands at a place where winds always blow, from the south and the south-east, and provides a dry condition that inhibits the algal growth. (iii) There are more algae

at region X than region It is because region X provides a relative mois and dim condition which

is favourable to the algal growth,

4(a)(i) Since the cell membrane.

of Amoeba is semi- permeable and the protoplasm is more concentrated than the external medium water enters the cell due to. osmosis. The entry of excess water is harmful so amoeba has to regulate its water content. It collects the excess water with its contractile vacuole

(ii) Water enters the Amoeba

cell, the latter swells and finally bursts.. (iii) The spirogyra cells have

a tough and inelastic cell wall which can provide a wall pressure to prevent the further entry of excess water when cells become fully turgid. (b)(i) The impervious

exoskeleton can reduce water loss from their body surface. Or:

The solid excretory product can reduce water loss through excretion. (ii) Transpiration.

Water is lost through the stomata of the leaves in vapour form: (ii) 1. A cork cell layer on

the stem surface, 2. A cuticle layer on the leaf surface. 3. Guard cells, (iv) A piece of anhydrous

cobalt chloride paper (blue) is firmly attached to the upper and the lower surface of the leaf and record the time it takes for the paper on each surface to become pink. (c)(i) Biceps: contracts

Triceps: relaxes

Glucose.

(ii) Respiration.

(iii) Joint X: ball and socket

joint

Joint Y hinge joint (iv) Joint X allows movement.

in many planes.

Joint Y allows movement

in one plane only. (v) The presence of synovial fluid at the joint and articular cartilage at the ends of bones reduces the friction during movement.

south is the most abundant. 5(a)(i) The secretion of

This provides a dry

thyroxin from the thyroid

(C) is stimulated by thyrothropic hormone (TSH) secreted from the pituitary (A). However the secretion of TSH is in turn regulated by the thyroxin level in blood. An increase in thyroxin level in blood will cause the pituitary to secrete less TSH and this will then reduce the activity of the

thyroid, leading to

a drop in thyroxin level. (i) B: by salivary duct

D: by blood vessels E: some secretions are

carried away through pancreatic diets and the other by blood Vessels.

(iii) Adrenalin.

When a person becomes frightened, the fright causes the brain to sends out nerve impulses to the adrenal (D).

The nerve impulses lead the adranal to secrete adrenalin.

(b)(i) The bending of part C can

protect the cotyledons. when they are pulled through the soil, and keep the plumule s

sandwiched

between the cotyledons

and thus protected by them. (ii) 1. To provide food for development.

2. To protect the plumule

during movement through the soil.

3. To serve as the first:

pair of leaves.

(iii) From stage A to C

Qabsorbs water from soil and therefore has an increase in size. From stage D to E:

A lot of food in Q has been consumed and therefore the size of Q decreases, (iv) It appears longer and

yellowish

(c)(i)1, glucose: for the

supply of energy.

2. Amino acids for protein

synthesis.

3 calcium for the building of bones

(11) Diffusion, (iv) 2. with villi (ii) 1. thin (iv) Blood vessels X

It has thick wall and a

small lumen, therefore it is an artery through which blood, together with waste products, is pumped by the embryonic heart to the placenta. (v) 1. It prevents high

pressure of the maternal blood to break the delicate embryonic blood vessels.

It prevents germs to

enter the embryo from the maternal blood. Or. It secretes hormone

to maintain the female reproductive

tract suitable for

prenancy.

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