1979-02-21 — Page 28

e) What would be the advantage and disadvantage of counting

三期星

This made the light moths

to be

more selected than dark moths in

頁四第張七第11日五廿月正年未己曆

1979

WAH KIU YAT PO

郭日倫帶

areas.

中學會考試題預習專欄

生

物

(=+)

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Biology (201

Unit 11: Interrelationship

Organisms and

Environment

3. The following diagram is a

simplified nitrogen cycle.

Ammonium

Nitrogen-fixing bacteria in the root nodules of leguminous

ompounds

B

plants

Nitrites B

Animals

Plants

Nitrates

a) What should X be?:

b) Which form of nitrogen is

the greatest nitrogen reservoir of the system?

c) Name, the type of association between the nitrogen-fixing. bacteria and leguminous plants.

d) State the importance of

(1) the nitrogen-fixing.

bacteria to the leguminous plants.

(2) the leguminous plants to

the nitrogen-fixing

bacteria

e) Give two uses of nitrates to

plants.

f) (1) Name the processes A

B and C.

(2) Describe and explain the effects on plants and animals if process A is. inhibited.

g) Give two ways by which

nitrogen in animals returns to the soi

The moth (Biston betularia) in Britain may have dark or light pigmented wings. A survey in Britain showed that the distribution of the two forms in industrial area where the trees had been darkened by industrial pollution and in non-industrial areas was quite different, as shown in the following table:

Non-indu: Industrial strial areas with areas dark woods with light

woods

2488

No. of

moths counted

2595

Dark

1509

1083

moths.

Light moths

762

1736

The same survey shows that birds are the predators of the moths.

a) What is the effect of natural

selection on living organisms?

(b) In this example, what was,

the possible selecting agent?

c) Which form of the moths.

adapted the industrial areas better?

d) Explain why ligh' moths were selected in the non-industrial

about two hundred moths in each of the areas?

f) Suppose that we have two

kinds of potato plants. Potato plant A is resistant to certain disease but is low in vield

Potato plant B has a high yield but is susceptable to the disease. Suggest one one method by which a great deal of resistant plants of high yield can be obtained. The following diagram is a

food web in a habitat.

SUN→→→→→→ Green plants

Caterpillar

Sparrow

Mouse

Snake

a) (1) What is the importance

of the sun in this food. web?

(2) What does the arrow

denote in this food web ? (3) By what processes that energy is lost from one level to another.

b) (1) Construct a pyramid of numbers using some of these organisms.

(2) Acount for the difference

in number of the organisms.

c) Explain what would happen

to the community if

(1) insecticides are used in

this habitat.

(2) hawks are killed in this

habitat.

ANSWERS:

3. a) Atmospheric nitrogen. b) Atmospheric nitrogen. c). Symbiosis.

d) (1) Nitrogen-fixing bacteria

provide the leguminous plants with nitrogenous compounds.

(2) The leguminous plants

provide the nitrogen- fixing bacteria with water nutrients and shelter.

e) (1) Synthesis of protein.

(2) Synthesis of chlorophyll.

f) (1) A: absorption.

B: nitrification.

g) Since plants use nitrates to

form proteins and

In Denitrification.

chlorophyll, the inhibition

of process A would cause a reduction of growth and:

eventually death of the

plants. Since animals feed on plants; they would also.. result in death for the lack of food.

h) Excretion and

decomposition of their death remains:

a) The effect is that

organisms with characters in favour of the particular environment will survive better and breed more offsprings than those with unfavourable characters.

b) The bird...

c) Dark moths.

[ 報販訂閱

d) The woods in

non-industrial areas are light in colour. Light moth moths are well

camouflaged against these light woods and therefore hardly detected by birds.

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non-industrial areas.

1. Advantage; save work. 2. Disadvantage:

inadequate samples to get an accurate ratio. f) We let them cross and sort

out those resistant offspring which are high in yield for vegetative propagation..

5. a) The sun is the ultimate

(1) energy source of the food

web.

(2) The arrow denotes the flow

of energy or the passage of materials from one level to another. (3) Energy. is lost from one

level to another because some of the energy is utilized by the organisms to do work and some of the energy is lost as heat,

b) (1)

Hawk

Sparrow

Hawk

OR

Caterpillar.

Snake

Mouse

Green plants

Green plants.

(2) When energy flows through

a food chain, only a small proportion of the energy taken up by each link is transferred to the next step because some of the energy is lost as hest and/or utilized by the organisms to do work. On the other hand, the organisms become progressively bigger than the organisms being consumed therefore number of organisms in each step progressively decrease towards the top of the food chain as the amount of available energy progressively decreases. c) (1) If insecticides are used

in this habitat, the number of caterpillar decreases. As a result, the number of green plants will increase since less green plants are consumed by caterpillar but the number of sparrow will decrease due to Inadequacy of food (caterpillar).

(2) If hawks are killed in

this habitat, the number of sparrow and snake: will increase, since

less predator eats them. As a result, the number of caterpillar and mouse will decrease

since they are the foods of sparrow and snake respectively,

地理

(二十)

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Geography (20)

29. Using specific local example,

account for the development of river capture.

ANSWER:

River capture had taken place in the river at Tsing Lung Tau, near Tai Lam Chung.

Before capture occurred, there were two main streams flowing in the area, they ran parallel to to Swach other, from NE

One of them (stream S), with a tributary flowing, NW SE (St), discharged into the sea. near Sham Tseng. The other (T), flowed slowly and discharged into the sea near Tsing Lung

Tau.

日一廿月二年九七九一曆公年八十六國民華中 眘教僑華

and the third- Automobiles,

(Fig. 1)

As shown by map evidence, stream St is a more powerful river because of its steeper gradient, more serious

headward erosion took place at its source and in this way, St extends headwards. It came nearer and nearer to Strean T. Finally, it broke through the watershed and the two streams. met together. River capture took place. Due to the steeper. gradient of St, the upper water of stream T was diverted into the valley of St.

Since the upper water of T had been diverted to St, its lower course now has little water. It becomes small for the existing valley and is therefore known as a misfit stream..' There is a sharp bend where stream T is captured and is known as the elbow of capture Beside the elbow of capture, the valley dried up, forming a wind gap or a dry valley. It becomes the corridor for wind movement

RIVER CAPTURE NEAR TAI LAM CHUNG

FIG. I. BEFORE CAPTURE

Sham Tseng

Tring Lang

Fio T

AFTER CAPTURE

Viction Shylam

·Elbow of captaire

Pirate stren

Wind Gap.

·Mafit

Makit streen

Strep sided valley, resaltes

from dawn cutting

30. Study the figure below which shows the export trade figures for Japan in 1969,

a) Describe the export trade of * Japan in 1959.

b) Give an account of the

different factors affecting the manufacturing of the main export items listed:

Clothing

Synthetic Fillon

Marine Products

Tv Sen

·Tape Reinder

Plastin Materials.

Optical Instrument

FOREIGN TRAME OF TAPAN BY PRINCIPAL EXPIRT 1969

[] (US$ Million)

ANSWER:

ELSZ

Aufmitter

Mutal Producto

Radias

A. THE EXPORT TRADE OF

JAPEN

The leading exports are mainly heavy industrial: products, such as the largest one, iron and steel, which accounts for US$2,350 million; the second largest ships, accounts for US$1, 130 millions

accounts for US$ 1,000 million. Products from electrical and electronic industry are also important: Radio is the fifth. largest export, it accounts for US$530 million, tape recorder, the ninth, accounts for US$409. million; TV sets, the tenth, amounts to US$350 million. The export of products from chemical industry is important, too, such as synthetic fibre and plastic.

B. FACTORS

The main export items are iron and steel, ships, and automobiles, they are all heavy industrial products. The factors that affect them are: 1) Raw Material - Iron

Due to the insufficient home supply of irón, Japan has to import about 80% of its iron ore It also consumes a lot of scarp metal. It is lucky that its insular position facilitates the movement of imported iron ore even from countries far away as Malaysia, India and Australia.

2) Fuel

To meet the power demand of heavy industries, a lot of power resources are required.- Coal is the chief mineral fuel. mined in Japan, but

unfortunately much of it is low-graded bituminous, not suitable for the blast furnace.. Coking coal is inadequate and much of it has to be imported from Australia, West Malaysia

and U..S.A.

Some oil is found in Japan, the annual production is however small, supplying less than 1% of the country's

requirement. Much oil has to be imported, largely from the Middle-East and some from Indonesia and U, S. A.

The production of H. E.P Is quite high, accounting for about 40% of the total electric supply used. However, there is a fear of decreasing production in recent years.

3) Capital

The heavy industries require vast investment. The stable government has attracted considerable local and overseas. investment.

4) Labour Supply

Iron and steel industry. ship-building and automobile manufacturing, all require a lot of male labour supply. The

dense population of the country provides a large labour force meet the demand. 5) Market

Japan's Asian neighbours. offer a ready market for iron and steel and heavy machineries Her automobiles are competitive in the world market because they consume less gasoline and. are sold at lower prices. Her indented coast offers ample sites for extensive shipyards for the assembly of large

tankers which are widely consumed in the world. 6) Transportation:

Its coastal position ensure cheap and easy movement of raw materials and finished products. This

cati

also

its deficiency compensate for i local supply of raw materials 7) Technology Advancement

Since 1950's, Japan has adopted an automatic processing. system from the cutting of steer to the assembly of welded":

blocks. This has encouraged a lot in the development of her heavy industry.

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