1978-12-09 — Page 32

̇頁四第張八第

日十初月一十年午戊居夏

WAH KIU YAT PO

報日僑

Max

Beginning of

1979

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906 Jan

歷

史

HISTORY (9)

Philip Y.L.Hoo

A Chronology of the

Background to the.

First World War

the First Morro- can Crisis,

Franco-German conflict.

Algeciras Con- ference to dis- cuss the Morro-

can Crisis: an

agreement

favouring France,

due to British

support for

France.

1907 June

Second Bague

1870 July

Franco-Prus

sian War-be- gins

France

1907 Aug

surrenders at Sedan"

1872

May

Willian I is proclaimed

German Emper or at Versai lles:

Peace Treaty of Frankfurt: France loses Alsace-

indem-

Lorraine and pays an nity..

Dreikaiserbund

(Germany, Rus- sia & Austria)

1982 May

1908 Oct

Formation of

1912 Oct

the Anstro- German allian-

19.13 May

1881 June

1887 June

ce

Renewal of the Dreikaiserbund

Formation of

the Triple Alliance (Ger- many, Austria & Italy)

German colonial

expansion be- gins.

Re-insurance

1883 Feb

Treaty between

Germany 6

Russia, replac- ing the Drei-

1894 Jar

1899 May

1899 Oct

kaiserbund:

Franco-Russian

Alliance is

completed.

First fague

Conference

(unsuccess

ful attempt

reduction).

-

at armament

Boer War begins

Anglophobia

(anti-British

feelings) spread

1900 June

German

1902 Jan.

Nov

1904 Feb.

1905

passes bill to

June

1914 June

(28)

July

July

double the fleet.

July:

Anglo-Japanese

Alliance formed Italy and France agree (secretly) that the former would remain neutral in case the latter goes to war with Germany.

Beginning of Russo-Japanese

War

Entente Cordial is concluded by Britain and France.

Schlieffen Plan is formed by

the German militarists:

to attack France

and defeat her

in 6 weeks be-

fore dealing

with Russia in

the east in case of war.

信心的標誌· 逾十年經驗

1914

Conference (no

great progress in armament reduction)

Anglo-Russian

peaceful under

standing com-:

pletion of the Triple Entente.

Austria tries to annex Bosnia- Herzegovina in the Balkans:

a European crisis

ensures.

German gunboat at Agadir creates the Second Morro- can Crisis; Britain warns Germany against aggression.

First Balkan War begins

Treaty of London ends the First Balkan War. Second Balkan War begins.

„Archduke

Ferdinand of Austria and his

wife are assas- sinated in Sarajevo of Bosnia

Kaiser William

II of Germany gives Austria German support if France and Russia should Help Serbia (whom Austria belived carried out the assas— sination).

Austria Counci1 of Ministers decides to send Serbia an ultim- atum to be answered in 48 hours..

Germany warns, Britain against interference between Austria

and Serbia. Austria sends. Serbia an ul timatum.

The Serbian reply, which is conciliatory in tone, is reject- ed by Austria.

Austro-Serbian war is going to start.. July Britain pro-

poses an in- ternational conference. July Proposal is" rejected by Germany.

July Austro-Serb-

Ian War is on July Germany tries

to restrain Austria but

too

Russia mobi -

lizes its. forces against Austria and Germany.

July

Germany pro-

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Germany mobili

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zies and is at war with Russia.

Germany invades

Belgium so

as

Aug.

to be able take France

to

quickly.

Aug

British ultim atum to

Germany regard

ing Belgian neutrality. Britain is at war with Ger many.

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經濟

Economics

(九)

Factors affecting Location Of undus try

There are many factors that affect the location of un industry. However, many of these factors are economic in nature and have a heuring on costs of production. Thus, the fundamental principle. underlying location of industry is the cost of production i.e.

roduction olma comodí tý tends to be locatus where, it can be carried on at the lowest unit costs of product- ion. the following are some of the important factors affecting location of industry

(u) Land is an important

influencing factor on locution especially for industries which need more space and în a place like liong Kong where land value is high. Thus, amply supply of land at resonable value is crucial to a particular industry concerned. e.. ships building in Hong Kong,

(b) Lvery industry needs

çertain amount of labour for its production, The quality and behaviour of labour are both important to many industries nowadays. Hence, there should be a sufficient supply of adequately skilled labour at reasonable cost available.

(c) Availability of raw

(d)

materials also affects the location. This is especially true in cases where raw materials are heavy or bulky and therefore expensive to transport. In such cases, proximity to rai materials can be a dominant factor on

of industry

concessions

of power and water are also important în determining the location of an industry.

(e) Accessibility to markets

is crucial for an industry and the impact of this factor depends upon the nature of the

Product an

availability of suitsḥle means of transport. Nearness to markets is important for bulky products while easy access to ports is vital for industries which export a large proport- ion of their output.

(f) Climatic condition is

also a determining

factor for certain

industries since some products are not

日九月二十年八七九一曆公年七十六國民華中 育教華

suitable

to be produced under certain types of climate.

(g) A critical factor

affecting location of industry is the existence of external economies of scale in an area, since a lot of advantages can be

realized in such a location.

) Finally, the government has great influences a

over the locution of an industry and its impacts

are indeed increasing nowadays

Localisation Of Industries:

Advantages of localisation of

industr

When an industry concentrated in one area, the following advantages can be accrueda

(a) If an industry is

highly concentrated in an area, it becomes possible for individual firms to specialise in single procèses or in particular varieties of a commodity. This division of labour wilt increase output and lower the cost of production.

(b) Localisation in an eren enables the development of a reservoir of skilled labour force in that

trticular area.

firms will be £ttracted to the locat- ion because a supply of suitable skilted labour is available and economies of scale with further be enhanced.

(c) when an industry is

highly concentrated, subsidiary and ancillary industries will grow to meet the needs of the major industry.

(d) Furthermore, the

community may be henefited because of the existence of an organised industry and market e.g. various. goods and services may be available in fairly adequate quantities.

Disadvantages of localisation of industry

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附加數學

Add. Matha. (9)

Trigonometry (1)

Worked Examples:

However, there are also disadvantages for localisation. of industry and they ares

(a) If an area is dependent

on a single basic industry, there will be the risk of structural unemployment resulting from a change in demand. If a highly localised industry declines, unemployment

in that area may result, even though the rest of the country is enjoying ful employment.

mass

Extreme localisation will bring about many social problems such as overcrowding, lack of open spaces, traffic congestion etc... As mentioned before, localisation may bring

economies

about external

of scale and lower the cost of production. However, extreme

localisation may mean keen competition for available land, labour o and this will bid the prices of these factors. Thus, higher instead of lower costs

of production may then be resulted

全港獨家主辦

Solve the following

equations for 02x£360°.

(a) General equation of type

22

acos x+béosi»c

asin x+bsini-e

2

(b) General equation of ty

acosx+bainise

e.g. 3cosx+4sinx-5

(c) General equation solved by making use of factor formulae:

Solution:

2

Знескевес 2

2800 x+3secx-2=0

(secx+2)(2secx-1)=0

set=-2

or -]

- or -2 (rejected) x-120° or 240," Aney

(b) Jcosz+4xinx-5

cos(x-8

where Ostan (3)

-53 81

x-53′ 8′ =0 or 360.

1-53 8′ or. 413 8′′ (which is 360 and so is rejected)

−2sin(1+2×) sin(~22)

2sin cos

-sio sin(7-) – sin cos

sing (sing-cos singing-00-0

..sing-0 or sing-com-0 For sing –0, 32-0°, 180°, 360

120, 240,

For wing-cos-0

sing-cos 5-90-쯤

-sin(903)

x-0, 45, 120, 240, ADE

· If A, B, C are the angles

of ABC. Prove that

sin2A+ in28=sin20

➡isināsinBsinc.

Solution:

L.K.S.

=2sin(A+B)cos(A−B)»sin2€

=2#ia(180° —c)cos(A+B) +2sinccosc

=2sinCcos(A−B)+2sinC

(cos(180 -(A+B)]}asC=180−(A+B).

-2#inC(cos(A-B}+{−cos(A+B)}}}

-2sin({com(A–B)~[ cos(A+B)}}

-2sin€{−2si

ZA

=âsînAsinīsin€ -R.H.S

Exercise

Solve the following

equations for 0≤x≤ 360°

(a)

2

2sinicos x=1-sin

(l) 2 in 1 tan2

(c) tan x-tanx4/3"/3tmux

Solve the following equations for 0<x< 360°

3tanx=4+2secz

(b) /3conze-_-si na

√2

(c) 2sinx1 ca

3. Solve the following

equation for 04x4 360°

cosx+eos2x+cos3x=0

(b) cosx-ain2x+co83x-zinkx«0 (c) sin3x-sin4x+sin5x=0 4. Prove the following

identities:.

a)sinx+ziny+sinz-sin(x+y+m)

-ksin(Z2Z)sin(Z^-)sin(~>~)

cos2x+cos2y+cos2x+1

=4cos2r-cos2y cos22, if

x+y+x=180"

„GOS" X+cos. y+co

-1-2cosxcomycosz, it

X+y+x=180* „

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