1978-11-30 — Page 30

usually keeps the ace cunts of the government depart- nents.

報日僑華

the government to carry out. the hanking laws and to watch and direct the. workdone by privatepanks.

自播育教 頁一第張八第 日一初月一十年午戊歷夏

WAH. KIU YAT PO

1979

中學會考試題預習專欄

公共事務及經濟(八)

明據出版社孔需璇索張俊提供資料

Leonomic and public

affairs

Money_and_hanhing

Central banks and commercial banks their functions and

facilities

The functions of a central bank

A central bank is a bank of government, it is set up by the government and is not profit-making. The implementation of: policies in a central bank is directly controllo by government. Usually, a central bank is the action- alized institution wh ́i eh · work with the government to carry out the monetary policy and to promote, the economic development of the country. Its functions can he summarized as follows a

to issue legal tender

Currencies, including: banknotes and

cissused by th Oins, are

centrid

bank under the supervision of government. Since the amount of circulating currencies can influence the purchasing power of the economy, government is responsible for adjusting the amount of legal tender: issued by the central bank. In a complex monetéry economy, money serves as a dynamic role in addition to being a medium of ex→ change Goverment may regulate the level of money and liquidity in the economy so as to achieve some desired policy object- ives such as the control of inflation, the growth in the Gross National Product and the improve- ment of balance of payments.

to be the bank of govern- ment

Giovernment revenue are usually stored in the central bank and the public expenditure aid: payments are done ti rougl:

祝,分精

Acentral hinki

3. to be the advisor of

government.on Tinancial and "monetary polícies

The central bank acts as the advisor of government. in all the matters about monétary and banking policies. The central hank may bas a effective management team giving relevant inform ation and suggestions to

to solve government so as

any economic problems and to help the economic de- velopment,

to keep the cash reservey of private hanks

It is a law that all. the private banking institutions must deposit a part of their cash re- serves in the central banh. accordingly, the central bank centralizes the cash reserves to pro- tect the security and, control the liquidity of the whole banking system.

Whenever there.

is necessary for the private binks to borrow some money, the central banl:will back them up by Lending them caslı funds. If there is any financial crisik occurred in a private bank, thic central bank is respon -sible for supporting it as far as possible in order-that national economic stability can be maintaimed.

to be a bank of central clearance, settlement and transfer

The central bank is the hankers' bank, It provides the facilities of cleara:ce of cheques and the transfer of funds between banks. It is the place for the banka to clear their cheques received. from their customery and drawn upon other banks. In such a case: mutual indebtedness between the mewher banks may be can celled and the amount owned. to any banks would

calculated.

he

to supervise the operations of private banks

A central bank takes

the responsibility to help

7. to carry out monetary

policy o

The central bank controls the note issue, accepts deposits from and makes. loans to the commercial banks and money market in such o way that it handles the main tool of monetary policy in a country.

inflation For instances, can be tackled by the monetary authority through control of the quantity of money which is circulating. To addition, government can change the reserve ratio of the private banks or change the discount rate and the rate of interest

(by adjusting the bank.itho

ordinances so as to achieve the goals of monetary policy.

to keep gold reserves. and foreign exchange reserves of the country

In order to main tain the stability of the external value of the national currency

the central bank keeps the gold reserves and foreign exchange reserves to undertake the open.. market operation by law of exchange cortrol.

to offer facilities to customers as a commercial bank does

The central bank also provides the gen- eral banking services to the customers such as acceptance of deposīts loans and advances, remit- tance and other services.

The functions and facili– ties provided in comercial banks.

A commercial bank is a profit-making firm operated by private indivis duals. It is established for the purpose of seeking profits by way of offering various banking services. Banking laws and ordinances are set up to regulate the warking targets of all

commercial banks.

天、玻溫野糧

The commercial

四期星 日十三月一十年八七九一曆公年七十六國民市

banks operite branches Cand directly deal wi打算上 individual customers, They are operated under the supervision of govern- ment or central banks and play an active economic role. Their functions can be summarized as follows

1. to keep money for customers

Commercial banks

that provide the services saving deposits, fixed deosits and demand deposit are accepted. Eifferent rates of interest are applied to various deposits together with the differs ent ways of: withdrawing money.

2. to lend money to customers

Loans and advances

are granted to commerce and industry in order to earn the reward of interest on one hand, and promote the industrial and commercial development on the other. The loans and advances: include.short-term and long-term loans, advances overdrafts ans discount bill:af exchange. Govern- ment play the supervisory role to cover all deposit Laking institutions. to create bank credit.

Lither a central bank or a commercial bank can bring about an increase of equal amount in bank deposits. In other words, when a bank makes an ad-s vance to a customer, whether by overdraft or loan account the result is an incrense in total pirchasing power.

For example, if

Remittance means

that the money is trans- ferred from one pince to another. Imagine that you want to sent K100 to your friend living in united States, you can

ask for the help of the Remittance Department in any commercial hang

First of all, the Jiieward hemittance be partment would calculate how mniy::

US dollars your 100

dndlars. will buy on

on the foreign exchange market by referring to the day's exchange rate. If the rate is liked for US$1,- your HK$100 will buy US820. Therfore the bank will give you a bankdraft for US$20. Next, you can use

a mail transfer. That is to say, the bank sends an airmail instruction to its branch in United States.

to authorize the branch to pay your friend the sur of the money, If it is very urgent for you to send

the amount of money.

you can make use of the telegraph transfer although

· it would be more expensive. to offer import and exort facilities

Commercial banks. offer a special service called documentary credit to help the promotion of business. It is the gurantee given by a bank that its customer will pay for e shipment of gbods if die correct documents are supplied as evidence that the shipment has been made.

urthermore, the credit line is the service provided to allow a company to receive goods before paying for them.

t, to provide other mis-

cellaneous services t0 the customers such as aliceping valuables for

customers; h)providing business in-

a borrower has only a small balance to the credit of his account and he obtains an overdraft of $500. le can draw a cheque for this account and pay it to the creditor. If the creditor deposit it into his own account, the creditor's account will have increased by $500. In this case, the borrower's account can. conly show a debit for this.

account. In the combined banks' balance sheet, advances.

and deposits will both hive increased by $500. If there is any

monetary: discrepansy happened; the central bank should have the power to control the expansion of bank: credit.

4. to offer the service

remittance.

formation and guidance; c)offering monthly instalment.

payment loans;

dJhelping clients in taxation

problems;

ejacting as the underwriters

for new stocks; as the executors behalf of their

gjissuing of credit cards.

clients;

h)providing“ auto-pay faci-

litieay

ijselling gift cheques.

四天氣

炒蒜

地」 五十八分-天

」,廿八分,天氣報告 ,四十五分,一新聞天,十五分,一下午都 日日好時光 ,四十四分,天氣報告,十分,「會所街日記」,卅分,新聞簡報、《

高三時,新開簡報, 氣蟎告,十八樓C座。 八時十五分,編纘描積「下午旋律」。:「分、新聞簡報,逸民天獲年青人時間)。S 【戰營,漁民天氣預告。一二種,新聞簡報,,昔分,節目預告,哥哥分,新的簡報、《一片「紅血 六時,新聞簡報,「多」,

已第九卿。

天氣報告。 天氣報告,「五口之來

「「安江之長」,十五分 五時,新聞簡報, 天業報告,四十分, 繼續「下午旋律」,卅一時,新開閉報,一漁民天氣報告·《推 導及爲你說偈,卅分,新聞簡設,一盤損年沓新聞。

四時;新聞簡報,新聞簡報,(爲你人時間、

「青春交啊曲:j,智力一親稅。

四國,卅分,民被英雄送-二時下新聞問報,一人約黃昏後-卅分,浙二十分,

一福煨「太平山下漫步 千時.新聞. 避告

,五十八分,天氣報告

「警察通訊」,八分

. 十一時,新開朗·

空中俱樂部,卅分,新營,一人約實香 老片義師,五十五分,

冼登港源市場鱔魚批勐|東部

第二台相同)。

市報告,五十分

「足球「如山對「公」。

· 五時十五分,「面

六時,「黃昏的健康空中俱樂部)

,

六時・新聞報告,

卅分,「香港你我想 「十五分,「新聞天地]「符」、

一月異第二台相間

「分「英語處麻阱」 十分,新開之窗,十五分,光下。

九時,「醉人的音

JEKESE)

五時,見實世界,

鳴

今樂府

「扶我你) 十」時,新聞簡報

芝蔴街,五十五分,百

·生活的

榇我講你驤}。 卅分,新闢簡報、〔

謝

, 1時-新聞簡報,教導及天氣報告。

報早天報

梦,開曲

八中)七八三千 五時五十五分四十一百個聽,姿采集。基)分,開簡,新聞簡報, 香港第一台] 時芬,「P。 草潢,卅分,新開間天氣幾台,《被關西 光十二時」,心圓器,天氣報告,一心一片。

· 十二時,新聞簡報 報,(甜心手录)年青人時間,卅分,新國足祿大夫。, 九時,新聞簡報、邵簡報I(田纘年青人 十一時卅分,「傷 八時,新間簡報!張簡報-「扶開西人,四十五分,喜歡有··· 斯其家屬 報,(楊播甜心學長 ) ㄛ片金》,卅分,新 角度,十五分,在家第友聯公司 寡(中文字幕)。···一随安疫金1200元,

' 六時,新聞報告,:,今晨馬頭角牛阱本地 天氣報告,十分,「帶及外來生牛價格及長袍漁民天氣報告,馬匹都關)

天

四分,天氣報告,嚮 氣報爭,補汐,四十一大氣預告,把一分,「 「氣熱告,潮汐,卅分,一但格報導,「繼續陽光與你在一起。

大組 扶絕蜜竹灣銀

澳友林龙玩皮 無

潘金 62楼村生 北水

遭七膨陳號一辆十一街一帶

桂鳃一A 千坤于万千千榮网

a: n. 江之西』,十五分,居本地及外來生錯位,卅分,新聞簡報,“三時,新出報告,卅分,單寧19位胡秀芳西區金慶一位摄友郭全勝「千

十二時一,卅分,漁民,加上

: 七時五分,觀點 輔道西169號3樓 二室

九時四十五分·第3616 位股公的。

藥覘18位 村美 新巍

三金號胡 二好邨SN

影七時,新聞簡報,一年一站岩壯士」第九凹 好時光。

羽爭虎鬥」奇俠司馬洛簡報,天氣報告,日日四時·新雷簡報, 璜年青人時間 》。.

·卅分、新簡報-〔

十二時卅分,午夜

(

年青人時間)

日播映施舉。.

電影:然商提供。

一時五十五分,玄,鳴謝險補道西161號3樓

雜告,升分,天黑報告

「天氣報告, 环 之長」,十五分,天第一

友聯公司

一時,新開報告,

【 漫日日好時光)

梗年青人時間 》 天氣

·五時,新聞簡報,

八页 蜜 大腿 按紐蠻竹起 石料 演艺林友友排友

謝

率 九林·甘林樓

村生部演 費七勝陳號一間十一李二絲長社

一副A千博座千怎中一方

二權七中

五道制匪糖葱村安徐七一林地一周琛 樓四天五一会廿一茶一千柒下 十

八英樓千妹九千竿八二萬九二鵬千

六,好期千

.十一時-神品集

街淑统皂

150萬 東張

011年

忠興

黑蜜餅

位安

U

十分,粵語長片「再

八時、新聞快報"江南燕干舞」。

記

八時「贏十一郎」

妹號

楷座位

劑機

, 八時十五分,天第一之夜」。 中英語第十八课。一個骨音樂會」,一特高聞簡報,四重。 [九碟,四十五分,「高榮」,四十五分,「五賽馬座談會,卅分,新

一報告,十六分,「林· 黃飛虎、飛影、佩位空缺報告,十二分 商菈」,卅分,舊曲食,十分,而憂招集盛康 告,很娘黏,卅分,2。

·菇漁新重

·十二時,新聞材度小姐競選 實 語配音〕。

洞),以刀赴會(妙生,夜夜笙歌,五十七S, 新超簡報,C組續皮畫家長一時,新聞簡語長片「察花棒比野花

飛影),五十八分! 漁民天氣預告- 天氣報 九時,張開蘭特,轎1"

「天氣毂告

| 交诛心 - 五十八分,憑「雜,天氣陽告,四分, : 九時,轉袛英國置 :凌晨常降,新報 一卅分,逍遥九十分

段及一,新聞簡十時,新旧杌報,

榮一

10.32

供谢

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凌表二時,新聞 貼

|女樂天酒

-十五分 - 「ALON

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十一嗪-Ć節目典

·你案,四十五分,

...二十時,新聞報,

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[第二分相同:

J 報,「确議午夜裝潢

香料

甘

怪消報

·漫妹三降,新聞間、天氣報告、〔康消,五十七份,節假价 G THE TRAJ

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.::一時十分:光再; ANIMAL 一-十五分、宋裴小羽 AS HOnm」,卅分

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新聯公司

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「香港第二台

大及一〇五兆赫

〔立班主花頻〕九

[四及一巷

「告:潮汐,卅分:天一曲。」

十分,一大碟櫃磔落唔明」。

一報告,繼,四十四

: 〔上午六時至七時

一姑娘。

分分級氣運氣 ←目甘五天告

隆瓣天天天告

一新轉告於,五

新歌聞播

大報 五四新五大報

融合廣

十時,導爵e

新友

樓收銀蜜石

白若粗排美維秀租九泉私一 排友希友·深友松后友紐

李南一座王32集區西費 鸡一千的二一眼麾一一年五一 第二二千有千妹千生七千

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閉分鐘

。轉五權四:

E粪洲

之國

- 鳴

五道

+

韆建落嗔盤』廿五分! 商業第一台

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| 簡報-天氣報告,四十天業告,甜心早長:早老友記》,

舞大時,新阿媽轎,漁民天氣報告

還

真的第一台

·第二凯14期.

新聯公司

九降,TA L BE 七年,新聞提報,我課你護,卅分,新聞 二手五教二五分,全日|百元新涌村四十城

·涌糖八榮租 演色

·新任

●〇千二千燕十一

床〇二響五千好七二座二批逃

典

廣分

惠刊本報分類廣告

H-221583

「話告類請撥電話

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