1978-11-20 — Page 22

頁二第張六第二日十二月十年午戊磨夏

1979

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HISTORY (6)

Philip Y.L.Woo

THE COURSE OF THE OUTBREAK OF THE FIRST WORLD WAR IN $1914

The Sarajevo assassins, tion on 28th June, 1914 Archduke Ferdinand, heir to the Austrian Empire, vent on an official tour to Bosnia and was shot at Sarajevo, the Bosnian capital. The Austrians believed that the plot was planned by Serbia (a country near Bosnia) as an act to challenge Austrian domination in Bosnia.

Austria's reaction Austria adopted a force- ful and aggressive policy toward Serbia, for the following reasons: a. Germany's promise of

unconditional support in case of an Austro- Serbian war - On 5th July, Kaiser William II of Germany promised German support for Austria. Yet William II expected a localized and peaceful settlement of the dispute. Serbia's disapproval of any complicity in the assassination - This vas generally believed to be true by historians. The Austrian Crowa Council a decision for aggression against Serbia

on 23rd July, Austria pre

Bented an ultimatum to

Serbia. The ultimatum was

1979

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Test3

Modern Mathematics(7)

Answer ALL

Section melons in

Section B

Section A(40%)

SIX in

Find the area of the V- shaped polygon in figure

If the area of a face of

a cube is increased by

96%, find(i) the $ change

in length of the longest diagonal. (ii) the

change in volume.

3. If tan Báo

find the value

of sin@+cose without using table,

If the nth term of ˆan A¡P. ix 5n-3',

(i) find the first term and

the common difference

of the A.P.

(ii) find the sum of first 10 terms of A.P.

WAH KIU YAT POC

phrased in such a way LI to deliberately provoke - Serbia into war. Germany did not know its contents. 3. The Austro-Serbian Ver

Serbia accepted most of the terms of the ultimatum, but Austria declared war on Serbia on 28th July because Serbis did not accept the ultimatum in full. Germany had advisad Austria to do this,

Other great powers! TORO= tion- other great povers, principally Britain, had tried to arrange a pouce but were unsuccessful, This vas due to Germany' uncooperative attitude and Austria's determina- tion to make war on Serbis. Anglo-German pressure ́on. Austria -- It was only after the Austrian declar- ation of war on Serbia that Germany joined Britain in advising Austria to find a pesca. By then, however, it vas too late to do so. Russia's reaction - Austria had mobilised its troops against Russia: when declaring war on Sarbia, for the reason that Russia night come to the help of Serbia. This helped urge the Tzar, who was influenced by military men around him, to order

■ general mobilization of war against Austria and Germany (Austria's ally). Germany's war against both Russia andiFrancs om The Russian mobilization upset Germany's van plan. The plan was that Germany would, in the event war with Russis and France (Russia's ally), attack Francs first defeat it and tur to deal with Russ when Rusnim mobilised, Germany would lose the advantage of faster

5. In figure 2,

inscribed in

If LFDE-55)

find ZACB.

circle.

and ZDEF=60

Figure 2

6. In figure3; ADLBC ̧ZABC»

50°, ZACB=30° and BC-10cm, find the length of AD

50

30.

7. If spare the resta

equation

3x=8x+

find (i) d2+82

(11) +Ep 244p

8. It is known that yC(ax-2

It x=3 when y«2 and x=4 when yuh, find

(i) the value of

(ii) the value of y when

Section B.

9. If the sum of

first n terms of a progrensson is n(2n+1)

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mobilisation that the plan depended very much on.

Moltke, the German mili- tary leader, vanted a var against both Russia and France.

8. Involvement of Britain and

the outbreak of "a general VAR - GOTMany demanded. a fussian withdrawal of mobilisation and a French promise of neutrality. Both Russia and France rejected the requests, Germany then declared war on Bussis and invaded Lurembourg, asking Belgium for permission for German troops to croak her territory. Belgium refused, Germany attacked Belgium, and declared war on France, Alarmed at the Germa violation of Belgian

neutrality (which the British regarded as of strategic and commercial importance), Britain declared war on Germany. Bence the outbreak

of the First World War.

RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE GREAT POWERS FOR TILL OUTBREAK OF - WORLD WAR I

1. Austria- She was the only power among all others who was determined to wage a war (acainst Serbia). This was shown by

the harsh terms of the ultimatum that Austria. presented to Serbia; the short time-limit allowed for a reply by Serbia (48 hours), which meant to prevent foreign intervention;

"Austria's decision on war

with Serbia without resorting to more peace efforts;

Austria's refusal to be restrained by Britain and Germany (see 5 above)- Considering the fact that Austria would gain nothing by a war in the 1914 situation (success in defeut- ing Serbia would only give Austria more discontented

(*)(i) find the first

of the

(11) find the

the third

progression.

(iii) what kind

progression is it?

(b.) How many terms must be

taken of the series such

the sum in great

that ma

than 171.

10. In figure 4, ABCD ina square, E, F afe the mid-points of BC and CD respectively. If

(a) Express (1) AE

(11) F

in terms of 1 and Find ZEPP

11. The cost

school picnic is partly constant and partly varies as the number of students. For 105 students the cast is $935 and for 92 studentä. the cost is $844.

(a) Find a formula relating the cost and the number of students.

(b) Find the cont of

picnic for 320 students.

12. A Loaded die is thrown

1000 times. The frequencies of the numbers which turn up is given în the following table

日十二月一十年八七九一腊公年七十六萬民崇中 TAY SA CHE CON

of Sarajevó into an acute

Slavs), the aggressive

Austrian policy only created

international problems for

Europe.

Germany—

a. Germany was the strongest

military power in turope and was in a position to restrain Austria. Germany did not seriously restrain. Austria.

You

on the contrary, Germany gave Austria

support to Austria (thum encouraging Austria) to make war on Serbia 2a above).

see

German militarista Fike Moltke advocated a war against both Russia, and France (see 7 above). These militarista took advantage of the Sarajevo crisis to put into practice their war plans. They mistakenly thought that the war would be localized and that Britain would remain neutrul. Russia-

a. Faced with internal

discontent and a declining international position, Russia seemed eager to achieve quick diplomatic success abroad to divert the attention of the Russian people.

a

Russia sande known her willingness to support Serbia against Austria, thereby making it more Serbia to reject the Austrian ultimatum. Besides, Russia was the only great power to order a general mobilization.

ordered (Austria only partial one, æɛé 6). increased Germany's worries and led the Germans to think of a preventive war against both Russia and France (Russia's ally). In short, the Russian mobi mobilization enlarged the orignally localized crisis

number

| frequency

100% 122004

180

150 250

This

(a) When two such loaded

dice are thrown, what is the probability that

(1) the sum of the two

numbers shown is 8? (ii) both dice shown

odd numbers.

(b) Two leaded dice are

and the sum of bera shown is

8. What is the probability that these two numbers are both

edd?

13. In figue 5, VABC is an

isosceles tetrahedron VA=VB=VC-10cn, AB=BC=CA»6 cm!

Calculate

(a) the angle between

planes VAC and ABC (b) the area of AABC

(c) the volume of the

solid.

Figure

international crisis,

4. France --

5

She played little part in the 1914 crisis. Yet France failed to restrain Russia during the Austro-Serbian dispute, In fact, France continued

to support Russia, which made Russia bölder to challenge Austria and Germany.

itain

a, Britain's failure to give

France whole-hearted support early in the crisis made Germany believe, wrongly, that British neutra- lity would be secured, Germany therefore. dared to make war on both Russia and France, Britain made no efforts

to restrain Russia during the crisis.

Britain did not firmly warn Germany against any violation of Belgian neutrality. In other words, Britain did not make it sufficiently clear that she would intervene iE Germany invaded Belgium,

CONCLUSIONS No great power planned a war in 1914, strictly speaking. The war grew out of some diplomatie miscalculations as much as of intents. While each of the great powers had her share in the responsibilities for the outbreak of the First

outbreak World War, we must also consider the long-term, underlying causes

(or conditions) that made a peaceful settlement of the 1914 crisis difficult, Such underlying causes are, for example, the Alliance System (which we have already dis“. cussed), militarism, nationalism, imperial rivalry of the great powers, and so on. We will turn to all this the next issue,

14. If x+y=+££x+2gy+c=0

esenta a circle - passing through (1,1), (1, 3) and centred at 2x

(a) Find the values

and c.

(b) Find the centre and

radius of the cicle.

15. The following table showi

the resulta of 100

candidates in a mathematics test

Frequené

Merkss

20-30

30-40

40-50

40

50-60

20

60-70

28

7080

20.

80%90

90 100

(i) Pind the mean score in

test.

(ii)Construct the corresponding:

bistegram of the above frequency

distribution.

(iii)If 75% of candidates

passed in the test, from your histogram, ¦ determine the pass. Bark

16. If 3x-4y=142=0 änd

2x

(a) find the ratis

(b) In addition, if 3x -

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訂閱電話:5-229081內線3號

+8μ ̃=16, find the

values of x, y and

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