1978-11-16 — Page 22

郭日僑

四期星

日六十月一十年八七九一曆公年七十六國民華中 育教聞港

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1979

中學會考試題預習專欄 3

明德出版社架永華提供資料

生物

BIOLOGY (6)

Unit three

(X)

Water and Ormanismë

The diagram below shows an apparatus used to measure the rate of water loss in a leafy twig.

Leaty

Graduated capillary tube

Name the apparatus.

Point out one mistake

in

tting up the apparatus Suggest Now you would correct it,

c) Give two further precaustions

which must be taken in set- ting up this apparatus.

d) What is the function of the

** structure labelled X-2

») (1) Name the process by

which water is lost: from the plant.

(2) Why is this process

important to plants?

(1)

(2)

tus

ally the rate of water losst

Describe and explain the movement of the aizbubble if the above set-up fa placed in a room where

(1) the humidity is very

high.

the carbon dioxide. concentration-

very hi

à) List four structural adaptations by means which plants gr

ingin dry areas reduce their rate of water lo88.

The following table showe the osmostic pressure at different times of day measured within the guard cells of one plant.

Time

7a.m

11. 2.

-5 p.n

Osmotic pressure

15 kg/cm 32

19 kg/on.

12 miühtght 13 kg/cm2

The osmotic pressure of the other Lower epidermal cells remained constant at 11 kg/cm2 during this experi-

ment.

a) (1) At what time do the

guard cells have the

highest turgidity? How does the shape of the guard cells at

this time differ from the others?

(3) What is the importance

of this shape to the plant?

b) Describe and explain the

direction of the water

flow between the guard cells and the epidermal cells from 7 a.m. to 11 a..

c) Explain why the osmotic

pressure within the

guard cells decreases from 5 p.n. to 12 midnight d) Make a full-labelled dia

gram of an experiment in progress to show the different rata of transpi ration of the two surfaces of a leaf.

Suggested answers:

A bubble potometer.

} There is an air-space inside

bottle Y.

The air-space should com- pletely filled with water

c) 1. The twig should be cut

under water and inserted into the bottle under water in order to avoid the blockage of vessels by air.

All connections must be sealed airtight by applying vaseline.

The structure labelled X is a reservoir. Opening the reservior can ada vater to the potometer that the air bubble can be pushed back to the beginning.

8) (1) Transpiration.

(2) 1. Transpiration in a plant creats a transpira- tion pull in order to facilitate the upward movement of water"

2. Transpiration pull also helpa, in the transport of mineral salts.

3. The plants become cool- er as water evaporates and carries away heated

We can measure the rate of water loss by timing the movement of the air bubble along the graduated capil- lary tube.

(2) No. The reading obtain ed from the potometer is actually the rate of water uptake by the twig-(some water is vaed as a rav material in photosynthesis: and to build up new proto- plasm.).

(1) The air bubble would

move slower. It is because high humidity of the atmospherio air decreases the vapour pressure gradient between the intercel- lular space and the athosphere, and there- fore increases the rate of transpiration.

(2) The air bubble would

move slower. It is because high carbon dioxido concentration. can cause stomatal closure, and therefore. decreases the rate of transpiration,

6.a)(1) At 11 a.m.

(2) The guard cells become much curved at 11 a.. (3) This can cause a

larger stomatal pore so that gaseous ex- change, and therefore photosynthesis, is much facilitated.

b) water flows from the epi- dermal cells to the guard cells during this period. From 7 a.m. to 11 a.m., the osmotic prescure-with- in the guard cells increa- Bes while that of the hypotonic epidermal cells remain constant. This causes the the guard cells to absorb water contin- Bously from the epidermal cells by means of osmosie.

There is a decrease in light intensity and finally an absence of light from 5 p.m. to 12 midnight This slows down the photosynthe- tic activities and at last stops it. The concentration of carbon dioxide in the mesophyll increases. This Leads

p of the cytoplasm of the guard cells and therefore promotion of the conver sion of sugar Into insolu ble starch. The osmotic pressure within the guard cells is thus decreased,

adhesive tape (on both

surfaces)

leaf attached to plant

anhydrous cobalt chloride paper(on both surfaces)

Reduction of leaf surface area by having small needle-shaped, or arcicular leaves. Smaller number af stomata/or sanken stomata.

A thick cuticle.

hairy leaf surface.

1979

中學會考試題預習專欄

明德出版社李构體提供資料

地理

GEOGRAPHY

rested

a. TYPE OF AGRICULTURE AND ITS

GENERALY CHACTERISTICS:

Is is a typical lantation farming

iple of

of such a type of belewi

tion in the tropical

· tor-

The

farm is now

owned by

Dunlop Co, which is a European company. It reflects one of the characteristics that. plantations are mostly owned by Suropean countries. Usually this form of cultiva- tion was first taken by white people in their colonies » After the Industrial Revolut- ion in the western European countries, the demand for tropical products increased steadily. With their immense capital, the European estab- lished farms in te tropical

regions.

Bise.

size of the farm is 2,200 ha. which covers quite. a large area. It reflects an= other characteristïo

the plantations, which are cleared out from the dense tropical rain

are usually

"Efficient management. The work on the fara usually well organize

agerial staff

in the sample farm

• is laid on the ultivation and

besides providing

beds", "settin

using farz

Fished factories processing or pat

ozkera emylösed rkers

employed reflected by ke sample there are 150 general and

600 tappers of which 40% Malay, 40% Chinese and 202 Indian, Natives are employed. as labourers in plantations pince the white people cannot stand the tropical climate,

Fonaculture

The maple farm is spar lized on the growing of rul trees, only The chara

tic of monocultare is appli- cable to all plantations Usually only one or two orops are selected.

Systematic and Scientific wórk

Using the sample farm as

he fields are an example, systematically divided into areas yielding rubber, areas with replanted by immature

rees, and areas of old rubber rees. and areas of being

It reflects that plantations are ystematic and

to ensure à high

8) Well facilitated

The estate is divided into three divisions i

with one village in aoh. The estate has also clinic, school and temple. It reflects that in plantation, here are usually villages for the accomodation of the hired labourers, with

aciliti like markets,

or co-operatives:

all over the farma. Export orientated. ?.

The sa

[Dunlop farm fa 25 Km from Malas It shows: that it lies in tropical Plantations æe usually prac- tised in tropical regions, en fertile alluvait soils.

2) European ownership

be es tatsfis owned by

, a European company of which the products are sold all over the world. It show that the praduate of plantation farming are mainly for exports or are intended for sale in the international market.

There

are also roads to facilitate" the transportation of products.

for

export,

b. FUTURE DEVELOPMENT

of the

In recent years, many former colonized countries ba-. came independent. After the European plantation owners have left the country, local manage=

The ment becomes inefficient, plantations either continued operation under government control or become divided into small holdings owned by the native farmers. Diversificat- ion is entouraged by plantang other crops in fighting against the price flaaturation. Mono-en culture seldom exists in this kind of farming. QUESTIONS FOR NEXT WEEK -

Study the figure below Say to which of the

places X, Y and Z

graphs A, B and C ponds

escribe and account fo

differences in ter rature and rainfall tterns of A and C. LLIMATIĆ GRAPHE” STATIONS AKETMAGE - AUSTRALIA.

10.

"Below shows a plan of a

farm in the Murray-Darling Basin in Australia

KER

Give a reasoned account of the farming activities which are carried on in*: this farm.

What are the main char acteristics found in

this farm which cannot be found in an average farm in Hong Kong? PLAN" OF A FORM MAIN ROAD

(257

·(40)

MAIN

Pasture Fallow

ROAD

42)

* wheat.

Homestead

Dam (No, in brackets show

area in hectares.