1978-02-09 — Page 25

報日僑華四期星

日九月二年八七九一层公年七十六國民華中

人優市現培 員秀場代養 班憑文學場市

名報止截日明

〔特颢) 香港中文

及國際企获學榮合辦之 大學校外進诂部與市場

定於明(十)日止報 [ES] -

NIO

JERKRE

人才,在作市塲决策時 使成爲現代市塲之優秀 商企業之中,曆經理 」之主旨在培養香港工

|1-KEMENSE «

市塲活動;並使各行業之專業管理人风能有相聚 以溅付當前目益整阻之

研討等。 一控制,市政策及專題選委員會决定申龄人之 九一窴者行爲,市場針獅展,額限十人,由男還 得管理,市議研究, 上艺工商實務經驗,學 |||國際市場-廣告學,舘有相當學綏及三年或以 科目,包括市場管珊:中、高層管理工作,具 取錄與否。

课程内容分爲九項 | 驚之花人員,担任

·講師方面,全由各 港中文大學市塲與國際程,並經各科考試合格 但依學系之教師及專業後,將獲頒發文,但 出席聽時數不得小於

學員在修畢全部課

、豐饒治博士,陳 | RESH -74XEH 人士分别担任購投,如

【全授時制百分之八

-REX - EXI-XH

期一、四,下午七時至 RECEIVEG

WAH KIU YAT PO

,

育教僑華頁一第張七第 日三初月正年午戊器墓

KSP -

授所長之集體授课方法 授铿方面 - 採用各一,並定於三月開諜。

- 劉可復,坐蓮郎,跳一九蹲,在漆成道六十七 | 犹安丰大厦十七摟行

- 每一科目均由若干位

15

,邵通知取錄後一戰 全期學費港幣二千

EKAN. 傍技外,特別注重「參一盤論。所有已緻學費 敎師共同担任;除一般期內一次繳納, 逾期作

KONJ - BEEWK

免法,稞案討論法及制

參加見習護士訓練 所需資歷全秋修訂

申帮人必須爲工商。(男)

題解決法等,籍以改進「之詳細悄形,可向九 能力及市問題判斷,安年大厦十三樓香港地 與提高學筒之市場分析 尖沙咀漆咸道六十七號 | XKAXKHOZVE

有關上述文隈程

产特〕花本恣接受見習養士訓練,今秋起

醫務衛生處每年聘用護士職位多

SANCE-TE

一之見習鼷士間練諜程

一个月間開始,參加三年制見習士訓铼溼, 參加香港中學會考 - 藐 每年鹰片中學畢業生最 〔一〕以英文撄投|科或任何其他科目。 闻香港護士管理委員會注册之最低資案如下: 按香港務衛生

| 級或以上;或英文爛( 習缕士訓練者亦相當多 文(日)成績爲D|興趣和有意在柩受昆 蕎之科目:(一)英中學生之對護理工作有 少有五科科目。其中必多的職位乃是護士,而 通常在本港接受護士、

|護士管理委員會秘甫獲悉,由一九七八年九月, 攔教育司联通告各中學校長:本署頊從香港

<-

級成以上,一個一檔 勝,便有資格申語接受 3 何兩科;化學,物理,一心助人,有無比的耐性 【生物,數學,成讀爲及愛心,再加上所學 三下列理科科日之正六幾間,身體健康,然

【科目之任何一科,成結一出的訓練,但女性必 「頦米粉

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參加香港中學會

.本裕士叫耕大致

| - SZOFC (1) 初(四)所列之其中一個為習助理護士課程。 NYSECURESHE 獲取之科目,其中一科可分爲兩大類:即三年,

科四游

之缨

科或任何其他科。

見習設士訓珠 (1.)以中文講授 完全..揉,分别的只在 及工作性能上的不

參加:港中學會考,最同。以往中三年制克

¦ YKK - YEOCHE

在個人品格上及質素上

一,爲級或以上;

|科目之任何兩科,化學 以上; (三)下列料 袐E级,或英文科( JUDKRESU EKKI (BEN) E. ▲之科目:(一)中文【是須在香惓中學會考海 少五科科目。其中必籍習護士跳理者,其學發 燃程甲心或稍逹C級,

(E) BERNKEL (8)

a此科目可供(一) 四年級階段的學業即可 之嵗T須AC毌以上 課程,只须完成中學 |獲取之科目,其中一科,兩年備之見習助理便出 參加香港中學會考阿一科即可申諧,申精

科,王級或以上 學,铷理,生物,數學 [四)其他科目之任何】南科理科(可過化 成精驽E微或以上人括中交另一外國語文 ,物珮,生物,數學, 另外四科E级以上,每 或自然科學)及其他任

育教僑華

Mi & Dale Pruss

1978

【中經會考試題預習專欄

世界歷史 十八 胡應亮

HISTORY (18).

Philip L. WOO

What was the industrial development in Meiji Japan? Discuss its effects on Japan.

Ever since the opening of Japan to the Weat in 1854, foreign imports caused losses in Japan's balance of pay- ments (1.e. Imports far ex- ceeding exports, thus leading to the outflow of money to other foreign countries). Handicraft industries in the countryside auffered greatly, as they could never hope to compete with the superior forsign manufactures. For the make of defending Japan against foreign economic -imperialism as such, the Meiji leaders (after the Meiji Restoration of 1868) well understood the necessity. of industrializing Japan. Trade and industry, they' were convinced, were the secret of Western success. On the other hand, industrial- ization would produce weapons for national defence as well as jobs for the people, especially the former. samurai. Unemployment would disappear, and the standard of living in sockety would be raised. In short, industrial development formed an indispensible part of a

modern state.

In a way, economic condi- tions of the late Tokugawa period were favourable to industrial growth after 1868. The commercial economy of late Tokugawa times, for example, was prosperous. Rich merchants had accumulat- ed large amounts of capital, which, if invested in modern economic activities, would greatly stimulate economic development. On the other hand,

clan governments (3) and the Tokugawa Bakufu (

had already develop- ed considerable ship-building and arms-manufacturing industries. The new governe. ment after 1868 had therefore such a solid industrial foundation to carry out economic modernization.

The

For industrialization, '2.

One factors are important. is a great body of skilled Labour (workers who are expert at technical things); the other is a large store of capital for investment. The first factor was no problem to Japan; technical skills could be immediately borrowed from Western coun- tries or obtained in the long run through a modernized educational system. second factor, however, produced some difficulties. The few wealthy merchant families were unwilling to invest their money in new modern enterprises because profits were uncertain and

The prospect was risky. Meiji government thus tried to stimulate private invest- menta in industry. Not much success was experienced, due to the deep conservatism of the old merchant families. Then the government adopted the policy that was to prove successful: with the help

at first of loans from the

late Tokugawa merchants (

not from the Western powers;. for fear of being under

their economic domination), together with limited govern- ment income from land tax, the Meiji government develop- ed industries itself.

Strategic industries

were given strong emphasis, as the need to militarily defend the country was the

most important. Having taken over the strategic

industries established in the late Tokygawa period, the new government continued them. Shipbuilding yards, gun powder and munition factories, and artillery works were established.

AB

a result, whereas the normal process of industrialization for a country is the develop- ment of light industry followed by that of heavy industry, Japan's case saw the direct reversal: heavy industry preceded light one. Foreign technological help was sought and acquired. Foreign technicians were. employed. They trained. native Japanese, who, 26 soon as being qualified, would replace the foreign advisers. Meanwhile, Japanese students abroad returned with the necessary technological know-how to benefit industrialization.

At the same time, efforts” were made to bring under government control the scattered industries of the late Tokugawa period, which were centralized for the sake of administrative and operational efficiency. In 1880, while still retain ing state control over the key industries (especially military-strategic ones),

the government began selling aff less strategic industries to a few trusted private firms at ridiculously low prices. Thereafter, state encouragements in the form of subsidies and technical advice were given to private enterprises; Other than such help, the state did not interfere in private indust- rial ownership. Two reasons accounted for this change in policy (from one of direct control to one of indirect protection and supervision). One was that

many industrial projects under state operation were not at all profitable, especially in the conditiona of serious inflation created in in part by the Satsuma - Rebellion of 1877 (when former samurai of the Satsuma clan revoted against the Central government). The other reason was that direct government efforts in

industrial development could at best only build a basis for subsequent economic growth. Further and future industrial development must be left to private companies. Meanwhile, having given up non-military industries, the government could concentrate on purely military ones after 1880. Thus despite decrease in other state spending in the 1880s, military expedi- ture rose sharply (over 60%).

With such a transfer of government-owned industries to private ownership by a few big private enterprises, these private companies could swallow lesser industrial companies. Financial combines known as the

zaibutsu ( ), which controlled enormous economic power, began to take shape. Thus there were the Mitsui k = # ), the Mitsubishi

(4*), and the Yasuda

the Sumi tomo

A wide range

of Economic activities were run by these financial giants.

At

Brought up by an undemocratic government and an authoritar- ian tradition, these zaibutsu were used to doing business under an undemocratic 'state, even under a militarist one as later in the 1930s the same time, industrial growth made it increasingly for the government to acquire raw materials and overseas

markets. The result was territorial expansion, thus the rise of Japanese imperialism. Industrializa- tion did not alone create imperialism, but the former: did play its part in bring- ing about Japanese aggression in Asia.

One must, however, at the same time consider the beneficial effects of Industrialization in Meiji Japan. The spread of industries, for example, destroyed the traditional agricultural economy and laid the foundation of a

Trade, modern state. both domestic and foreign, was increased. Social standard of living was raised. All had the effect of adding to the Japanese national (or nationalist) spirit and confidence. only thing to regret is that while strict government con- trol over industry before selling to private companies had deprived Japan of an independent middleclase of, merchant-industrialiste to press for democratic rights, the strong emphasis placed on military industrial develop- ment strengthened the power and position of the military forces, which indirectly led to the rise of militarism.

later in the 1930s.

英文(十分

ENGLISH (19)

General English Agreement

Raymond E. LO

The

魯榮光

1. A singular subject takes

a singular verb.

a. The boy is coming. h. One girl is missing. If the subject is plural, the verb should agree. with it.

the

a. The boys are coming. b. Several girls are

missing.. ++++ Generally speaking, stulents know, these two points quite well, but when they write, they make mis- takes, especially in long sentences.

The house with several broken windows are not an ideal place for us. (This is an example

taken from the compo➡ sition of a TV student.

WRONG agreement) Use 'is', as, the suh- ject is 'house', not 'windows'.

"And

a. The girl and her

boy/friend are coming.

b. Tigers and lions

are wild animals. "As well as"

a. The teacher, as

well as the students, is here.

b. The students, as

well as the teacher, are here.

#411

a. The girl or cr boy friend has got the key of ntry car.

b. The girl or her

brothers have put . the key on the desk

6. Either ........or..."

a. Either the boy or

the girls have put the key there.

b. Either the girls

or the boy has put the key there.

The verb

agrees

generally

with the near est subject. "Neither...nor..

a. Neither the girl nor the boys are to blame. b.Neither the boys

nor the girl is

to blame. V. "Re Again, the verb agrees with the near- est subject. But this should be avoided, SAY:

The boys are not to blame, nor is the girl. W

b. The girl is not

to blame, nor are the boys.

"None"

None of us is

perfect.

None of the stu- dents in my class

are bored with the lesson.

a sing "None" may take

ular verb or a plura verb.

9. "Some" with countable

nouns.

a.Some boys are working

very hard.

b.Some children like

to watch television. "Some" with uncounta-. ble nouns.

a.

Some milk is left for the cat.

b. Some paper is need-

ed. "Someone",

"Somebody"

They always take a singular verb.

a.Someone is knocking

at the door.. b.Somebody Has question-

ed his friend. "Some of

a. Some of the books

on the shelf are

useful.

(Books

countable)

Some of the money: has been stolen. (Money - uncountable)

c. Some of the banknotes

have been stolen. (Banknotes count-

able)

Some of it is useful. (It

singular)

Some of them are use- ful.

(Them- plural)

Answers Articles Exercise D 1. X.

2. X

3. the

4. X

5. X

6. a

7. the

9. the

8. The

10. the

(We always say: The

Middle Ages.

12. X

11. a

13. the

14. the

15. X

16. the

17. X

18. the

19. X

20. a

21. ä

22. &

23. X

24. X

「經濟與公共事務(十七)

+

孔繁盛·

A. Government departments in

relation to youth services,

The following are the government departments which deal with youth services. (a)Education Department

The Education Department, responsible for all matters relating to education in Hong Kong, provide free primary education, educational television services for primary and junior secondary schools, and a subsidised Form I secondary school place for every Primary 6 leaver in 、 1978. It also organizes music, arts, crafts, sports and recreation activities for students such as Summer Youth Activities Programme, Schools Music Festival,

and

the Duke of Award Scheme.

Edinburgh a

It also

provides career education for secondary school leavers. (b)Labour Department

The youth employment advisory service of the Labour Department provides career information to students and young people through the preparation and regular revision of career pamphlets and occupation. leaflets. also organises career. seminars, and exhibition for students and youth.

The apprenticeship division of the Labour Department advises and assists employers in the training and employment of apprentices; ensures that the training of apprentices is properly carried out; and

co-ordinates local technical institutes to ensure that, apprentices obtain the necessary instructions. (c)Urban Services Department

8.

Free entertainment and recreation for the public is organised by the Urban Council and the Urban

The Services Department. Urban Council also manages City Hall, museums, football stadia, public libraries, and places of public recreation. (d)Social Welfare Department The group and community work division of the Social Welfare Department brings neighbourhood welfare services

conveniently together; offers facilities such as libraries, vocational training classes, interest groups and clubs, and family counselling; and co-ordinates and stimulates the development of community and youth services within each district, All these works aim to foster sense of individual and collective responsibility; improve the quality of ⠀: life; and develop a more cohesive, harmonious and stable society. The division also maintains close contact with voluntary agencies such as the Hong Kong Christian Service, Caritas, the YMCA and YWCA, the Hong Kong Federation of Youth Groups, and many others in the provision of recreational and social services, counselling services, and leadership programmes for youth. The division also provides library, social and recreational services to people in rural areas. (e) The Royal Hong Kong Police

The police community relations officers are active in the educational and crime prevention fields with youth organizations, It involves in the

television programmes "Junior Police Call" and "Youth Call" which attract quite a number of youth members.

The Police Cadet School trains those young people interested in joining the police force.

B. Youth's civic responsibility (1)Offer voluntary social

services. (ii)Co-operate with the

government in implement- ing its policies such as "Fight Crime" and "Keep Hong Kong Clean". (iii)Have a sense of

community belonging and civic responsibility. (iv)Giver constructive

opinion. (v)Refrain from illegal.

activities.

(vi)Support the government's programmes and campaigns.

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