1977-12-29 — Page 22

報日僑華

四期星

日九廿月二十年七七九一靨公年六十六國民華中

育教人工

工人世界

中筲箕灣工廠街一帶廉價成衣攤

推銷若干工廠平貨

童裝女裝應有盡有

| 五日及出四日舉行,張

藍領白領前往選購假日更擠擁

飛瓦天氣轉察,禦寒衣物暢銷。一 本港各濂價成衣售貨區,並日生意不俗,原因由於有幾天聖塑畿期,巿民有較多時間逛街購物

對下·理事長許義- | 出第四理監事·各

[5• (8)

【追無法營業。 一般背羅大業收入因而增加。故聖誕來臨,的確能带给更多人歡樂。 「設有數十家固定廉物襠,其售價品秘包括小篮祺,棉襖及其他避寒衣物,蛙類,布疋等,不勝枚學程興發,教育處東桓, 酸酸儷格,分佈各區,港島得箕灣,在做車總站附近之工廠街及與街市接連之大德街,亦同樣周瀚姁,梁林,李 .一般流蚴及固定联價成衣機獄,其生®多受天氣所影响,昨是由於天降微雨,故頗多光動拱被|規織開彬,周孔集,交一 。而事實上,在上述一段聖誕假期內,锯邊腰需求,各類大小恩定成流動業惱,其生意每見不俗,巫利游因形,邵神添, 阿扎類等,其中普遍以推售各類製衣物爲普遍|財務主逹泉,江起, 。在假日期間,各區街道,每有各類流動小檔 務案堅,會廣泰· 理事長黃鎮國,劉沃,

|大嶼山風光好

假日遊人如鰂

一群貨倉員工偷得浮生半日閒 暢遊梅窩長沙寶蓮寺亦一樂也

。售價亦談,只可惜天降技雨,生意當受影啊,流動襟盡甚少,摘天氣恢復 ̈市民前赴選購倍息踴 剳王菀炳,食傳虞團,

霧實得

來

堊利者而已。舉一反三,另定日期就職。 - 可例其餘。一

加二,即使少盘消費,

徐加一小聚之外,還要 另取貼土,變作要吃出 |選擇,吃虧的却是跟救」事鄧貫,试度極。該會 恨仔,你得我不笨,號凉,良杷花浩然·謝 的對手一多,顧客會戒,核數榮。換補監 也不例外。但顧客並非,審雀創松柏,而揚伯

用料下來,取價上乘,志,度規-張有安,梁

·烈頂生,邵監事長蘇 國忠,葉蘇南。際事長

|梁振傘。候補理事及

(瓶)

:

一羣工友假日郊遊、在海灘上遊戲,歡

√中引名布多

趁住假期的閑暇,一人士,多在磷肥上香。一飾,對發展淤遊事業, 一本貨倉員工,脑朋友,禪院羅血,刘家正在港 吸引齒客,不無帮助。 笑。凤緻鸯然。 見所聞,簡述如上。他 工友告訴我一件

·馬花,爱作所

空氣清新 陰夾道

夾道 沿 服務週到 如下的一天,

滑釘。在公路上- 遊人

五成, 業務食佳

特散·茶中奉藏

入個人一陣的街年,他 老少,兼而有之。 七

以我的勞資雙方

將碟放環上,發出路 健上菜時,也大力地 不姻,不在話下,即

他們利用公餘假日的開 頭上露營的。很顯然,

........................

均

索•三個三個分兩批

頁二第張六第日九十月一十年巳丁歷夏 WAH KIU YAT PO

的生活而來。.

去年,當轉譭私家, 地價设是二十元一天的「超不上呢?貼事是實錄 一叫叫仮時·爲什麼過 據當地一位朋友稱:「的嗎」?付帳者說:「必然的規率。魏營消費 一樓高三層,另有花題。便說:「貼士少唔少一走下坡」。這可以說是 「才落成窑「鄉村屋」。三角,作東游的朋友,攔下八十元便作,那你應 逍布見到很多新近,化錢買難受。好容易,到付缎時,一共七十八元 【賓至如歸一的觀感:其 | 行業,能够使顧客「有

從計的成功,也是上下

右,便可購得七百呎 於說,付出二十一萬左

1座11十六興高的鄉村展,應按律而去。自说,我 約十五,六萬元。相當久,店東易主了」。 一座。費用進工包料,們再不光顧該店。再不 約可得屋地七百吸。可,少點,有何不對」?侍 時候-購入二千呎地。,服務好多給,服越差 業務必输。這是經營者 「服務差,業務長

合作的藤功。反過來,

天下批寧有是理?他如 招待丽娅·貼士要多,

廣告助理員一名

你想找尋

五十元。中五程度, 男性 月七首

作

力古

强剎

碼莲

殷頭常

勞工處介紹職業

拘性以少性

健八中

】·受損失。」

丁醛,否則,將來就會選 明非在圖之內才可購 所轉讓之土地,先要查

【憐。另一千三百呎空地 。自下升值了,還有,

層商的鄉村屋:水龍

(請按址往勞工處登記 )

,在中區工作。' 發者省格者優先,經驗不拘,年齡在十八歲以上

·男性,月薪六百五

闊,在啊麗灣區工作。 有推鈾穉瞼丶操漪利英語,年齡在十八至廿五之 營業代表一名張,州金。中五程度

勞工處本衪就業輔導,免費爲市民提供職業 雜工一名男性,阿紫八百四十元。

虮巴有

有幾綫來在各地的單資

吸名

上班。以往傳述寺來說 ,宜乘在委屈道巴士

巴士- 公衆假期及過日

介紹服務,現有下列空缺:

文盈一名

, 女性,月薪七百至八百元

年中

張轉折之煩。

1可由港乘小直往,以

龍。假日人多,要排隊

元。米迴路轉,直到寺

。至欲往大澳或

嗇,轉乘小巴,收費」灣區工作。

沉工作。..

紗廠帶更一名

新政

話一新銀活

助近身在

號電

巍藥

五大十路四 ́间局話六東大

九下如赤盛蟹請佩號碩百區 有限

塗於區

五號:

我

波話: 奏。其公溏作齡元。駕中

該此他時味。在。

··竇延寺前,消除火健康良好,年齡在五十歲以下,在荃灣區工作在海大厦二女有。

道。入口處設牌坊,上.

D. E

中小

添大漩

佛那人設上夾

會計文員一名

年薪

百唆池,欲座位,供遊人,高級鮮記證禮,能處理全鞬帳目,年隴在廿七 10 三国,新界大埔街恩選五十

教僑華

1978

「中學會考試題預習專欄

明德社主編

經濟與公共事務

孔繁盛

Economic and Public Affaire

(1)

What are the conditions of perfect competition? Des- cribe the main features of the product market structure of (a)fashion shops; (b) petroleum companies.

(1976 HKCEE)

Ans. Conditions of perfect comu petition

(a)There are numerous:num- bers of buyers and sellers in the market.

(b)The products produced. by different sellers are homo- geneous.

(c)The size of each firm is small and identical that no firms can exert control: over the market wit (d)Information about the products in the market are perfectly available to all buyers and sellers, (e)Products and resources are freely mobile that no transportation cost exists. Product market structure of fashion shons

tion such as advertising, packing, design and market- ing.

Functions of Money What are the functions. of money? Show that the ex- tent to which it is satis- factory in fulfilling these functions at the present time?

Ana. There are four main functions of money .

(3)As a medium of exchange: It is the primary and earl- iest function of money. In a barter economy, it was difficult to have a double coincidence of wants. Money was then introduced to solve this problem. Since money: ie created to be generally. accepted, exchange of goods. and services can thus be facilitated by minimizing the inconvenience and was- tage of time.

Economic and Public Affaire

Banking in Hong Kong

The main functions of commercial banking in Hong. Kong are tont

(a)accept demand deposits, time deposits and savings deposits with interest paid to the depositors of the last two categories; (b)lend money to individuals, businessmen and governments. by way of loans or overdraft on current account;" (c)buy and sell foreign ex- changes;

(d)issue letters of credit,

drafts and traveller's chem

(e)act as customers' agent in buying and selling Stock Exchange securities on their behalf, and in making per- iodical payments for custom~ ers; and

(f)take charge of customers: valuable property.

If there were a rise in bank. interest rates on loans. and deposits, the economy. would be affected in the following ways;

would become expen-

(a)Loans Thus.

(2)As a measure of value and a unit of account: Money can be used as a means of assessing the relative values of different kinds of goods. Its divisibility also enables it to serve as unit of accu ount, assigning prices to various commoditites. money is useful in the sense that it helps calculation in. our daily consumption, pro- | duction and exchange.

(3)As a store of value:: A

person can accumulate a re- serve of money for the pur- pose of retaining purchasing power in the future. By keeping his assets in the form of money, a person can turn them into whatever fixed assets he likes" Thus money is the most liquid asset. that it stores up the values of goods and services for future uses.

「The fas: ion market is a monopolistic competition in which there are many sellers producing differentinted products. It is free for new firms to enter, Consu- mers of the market ahow di- fferent preferences to each firm's products. Consumer tastes are affected by the product's design, packing, brand name, and advertising. Market informations are not perfectly available. Each firm is able to exert control over the price of his prod- ucts to some extent accord- ing to consumer preferences. Advertising is an important ∴ means of sales promotion I and survival in the market

Product market structure of petroleum companies.

The petroleum market is an oligopoly. It is contro- lled by a few sellers, each of which produces goods with slight or no difference. Entry of new firme into the market is difficult. Each firm's price fixing is in- terdependent that the market price is usually stable to javoid price war. There may

exist a price leader and some price followers. The market demand for petroleum is inelastic. Sellers may have price agreement through cartel and collusion to achieve higher profits. each firm may try to make his product differentiated with other firms products through non-price competi-

(4)As a standard deferred payment: The use of money makes it possible for payment to be deferred from the pre- sent to some future date. It enables contracts to be ̇made in the present for

the future delivery of goods.

·Thus money can be used for creating. credits and facili tating economic transactions. The extent to which money fulfils its functions

To maintain money as a medium of exchange and a measure of value, it must be generally accepted by the public. If money is widely accepted, or that the public lose confidence in it, its function as a medium of ex change and a measure of val- ue will diminish.

To maintain money as a atore of value and a stand- ard for deferred. payments, the prices in the economy. should be kept as stable as possible. In times of serious inflation, the value of money will fall. Money will therefore become a very poor store of value, and it also ceases to be a standard for deferred payments since

people have lost confidence in it.

經濟與公共事務

孔繁盛

sive and less attractive to individuals and businessmen; (b)investment demand: would. slow down owing to higher rates on loans, and so would the hire-purchase consumpt- ion on property, cars, etc.; (c)economic growth and tran− sactions would slow down be~ cause of declining invest- ment and consumption. Con- sequently the prices of se- curities would fall, and there would be less specula-

tion in Stock Exchange;" (d)production cost would be higher because of higher interest burden paid -to loans;

(e)export prices would rise and become less competitive. in overseas market;: (f)there would be more bank deposits; and

(g)foreign capital would be Cattracted to flow to local

banks.

In order to prevent banks from offering compe- titive interest rates to their customers, the major banks in Hong kong reached. a common agreement on a schedule of maximum deposit rates in 1964. The agree- ment is now administered by the General Committee of the Exchange Banks' Association. However, there is no agree- ment among banks on maximum lending rates and many banks base their own lending rates on the prime lending rate set by the Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corcoration and the Chartered Bank.

All banke in Hong Kong are required to act accord- ing to the regulations set in the banking ordinance, which was enacted in 1964, and amended in 1967,1975. The main features of the ordinance, are as follows: (a)There is a Banking Com mmisioner empowered to app rove new bank branches, to assume control of banks in difficulty, and to inspect bank accounts and transact-

iona.

In addition,

there

is a Banking Advisory Commi- ttee with the Financial Se- cretary as chairman to adv. ise the Governor on banking matters.

(b)The minimum paid-up cape ital of a licensed bank is HK$10 million while the net worth must not be less than HK$20 million.

(c)Each hank is required to hold specified liquid assets being not less than 25 per cent of the deposit liabili– ties of the bank in any cal- endar month.

(d)Every bank must submit to the Commissioner monthly, quarterly, and annual state- ments of its financial conw dition and have such infor- mations published in one local. English and one local- Chinese newspaper. (e)Every. bank must pay licence fee of HK$200,000

every year and HK$10,000 for. "each branch of the bank every.

year.. In 1977, there are

74 licenced banks in Hong Kong.

經濟與公共事務

十三

孔繁盛

Economic and Public Affairs.

Factors affecting elasticity of demand

: The elasticity of demand for a commodity depends upon the following factors:

(1)The possibility of sub- stitution: If there exista some. close subsittutes for the commodity, the demand for it will be an elastic. one for consumers will shift their demand to the commodi ty'e aubstitutes whenever. ite price rises and vice versa. On the contrary, if there existe no or few close substitutes to the commodity, the demand for it will be an very inelastic one, such as in the case of salt which is indispensable to daily life.

(2)The degree of necessity: If there exists few close. ̇substitutes to the commodity

which is necessary to the consumer, the demand will be an inelastic one.

(3)Consumers' income: Generally, the higher a consumer's income, the more inelastic his demand for commodities will be for he has enough money to spend without being disturbed by price changes.

(4)Habit: The more deep- rooted a person's habit of using a commodity, the more inelastic will be his de- mand for it.

•

(5)The proportion of income apent on a commodity: The amaller the proportion of income spent on a commodity, as in the case of salt, the more inelastic will be the demand for it for any price change of it can make a very '

會

大表代會工行肉 員職屆四廿第出選

會代国第會 會酸專是○一成工持尤 表盘竹復。乘一年立哗肉 於大員四興該工性間,二於,總行卷

small change in the proport- "ion of income spent on it.

Factors affecting elasticity of supply.

The elasticity of supply of a commodity depends upon the following factore: (1)Time: A firm can easily adjust its output level. in the long run. The Longer a firm takes in adjustment, the lower elasticity of Bupply will be. In general, the expansion or contraction of output is easier in some industries than others.

(2)Production pattern: Elasticity of supply also depends upon the ease with which changes in output can be accomplished. If it芝日 difficult or technically impossible to change output level subject to its productar ion pattern, elasticity will be relatively low.”

Revision Exercise

Explain the demand elastici- ties, and their significance: to the producers, of the following goods:

Ans

(1)orange (ii)salt

(1)orange

(1977 HKCEE)

The demand for orange

is elastic because there are many other fruite which can. substitute orange, although the expenditure on it occup- ies a small percentage of consumer's income. Moreover consumers will reduce quan- tity demanded for it if its price rises since it is not a necessity.

The producers of orange would not attempt to reduce supply because this would make its price go up, and consequently there would be a lose in total revenue. Instead, they would try to make consumers loyal to one particular brand of orange through advertising. To conclude, it would be profi- table for a supplier to raise price only if he could make demand less elastic than before.

(ii)salt

The demand for salt is inelastic because it is nem cessary and indispensable to life, and there is no close substitutes for it. Moreover, the expenditure on it only accounts for a very small percentage of consumer's income;

The producers of salt would not attempt to increase production because this wo would make its price go down, and consequently there would be a loss in total revenue. A producer may try to make consumers develop the habit of using a particular brand of salt so that he could earn higher revenue by rais ing its price.