1977-11-16 — Page 27

青教僑頁三第張七第 日六初月十年巳丁解夏

自敦橋

1978

中學會考試題預習專欄

[MI L'Oats. Press;

地理(七) 李婉儀

GEOGRAPHY (7):

Suggested answers for quest- ions 10 and 11:

11.

a. Although the equatorial

regions always experience high angle of elevation of the sun, the hottest temperatures are not recorded there. It is because the equatorial regions are oftenly covered with thick clouds which can absorb and reflect a good deal of the solar radiation, thus the heat reaching the earth's suface is much reduced. blanket of clouds there also explains why the diurnal range of temperature is small since it will prevent the rapid lows of heat in the atmosphere, by earth radiation leaving the earth's surface (FIG. A)

The

Outgoing saith

CLOUD COVER

Incoming Søter radiätten is redmat

FIG. A BYFECT OF CLOUD COVER ON TEMPERATUE

b. The shaded areas, i.e. southwestern Australia, an area in the southeastern art of South Australia and adja- cent Victoria, experience a hot, dry summer and mild rainier winter. It is because, during the summer the climate comes under the influence of stable air which flows out of the oceanic sub-

B). tropic high cell

the cli-

Under this condition Emate is hot and dry, very much

Tike that of the tropical Farid and semiarid types. In winter the migration of the global circulation brings to these regions the tropical margins of the westerlies with their cyclonic passages and occassional invasions of modified polar air masses. They bring rain to the south- western and south-eastern” vcorners of australia. The

above mentioned regions are thus dry in summers and rainy in winters.

FIG. B SUMKER CONDITION

HIGH

Lou

Rainy areas

Prevailing winds

pressure gradient.

WAH KIUM YAT PO

Often there is a loss of moisture by precipitation on the wind- ward side of the mountains and the air is cooled at the saturated adiabatic lapse rate which is around 5 C/Km in average. The mountain

barrier creates a frictional drag which tends to pull the air from higher levels down on the leeward. The air

that forces down the leeward. is now dry, so it is heated

on descent at the dry adia- batic lapse rate, which is 9.8°C/m. Thus its tempera- ture at the foot of the mountain becomes

higher.

As the prairie provinces described in the paragraph is found to the east of the. Rockies which is about 3,000, chinnok efect aan be experi- enced. Supposing that

air that blows from uė“

Pacific has a temperature of 8°C at sea-level and it is unsaturated. At it rises it cools at the dry adiabatic rate of 9.8°C/Km until con- densation occurs (let's assume it to be around 1,000M). After condensation, it cools at the saturated adiabatic lapse rate of 5°C/km, thus at the summit of the mount- ain the temperature has fall- en to 11.8°C. The air descending the leeward slope. is now dry, so it is warmed on descent at the rate of 9.8°C. /Kn Thus its temperature at the foot of the mountain

to

1). This is the reason why temp- erature will rise for 11°C or even more in a few hours. FIG. D THE OBUN SFPECT

[C,h)

12.

ས་༤

#7.62

INTENSIVE SUBSISTENCE AGR. Relationship between the physical environemnt and farming practice

Intensive subsistence farming is generally practised. by traditional societies, distributed mostly in the densely populated river basins, flood plains and deltas in hilly countries, & Buch as the Yangtze Basin, Yangtze Delta Szechwan Jasin and Sikiang Basin in China, the Basins of the Menam Chao Phraya in. Thailand and the Irrawaddy Delta in Burma. The thick and fertile alluvium deposited by rivers; the tropical or sub- troical monsoonal climate with high temperatures, abun- dant summer rainfall and leng growing season; and the enough labour supply make intensive. farming possible.

Due to the population pressure, most of the readily tillable land is used, and additional areas are created with great labour th- through land drainage and the terracing of hillside.

b. Crops grown

The emphasis here is upon food, which is produced most efficiently by raising crops that man can consume directly. The crops are mainly grains and vegetables.

4. A ring of bark containing phloem was removed from a leafy branch. A few weeks later a swelling formed above the ring as shown in the diagram below.

swelling ring.

日六十月一十年七七九一屨公年六十六國民徽中

報日僑華

三期星

U-Na, în, brackets this area în hectares)

upper fruit.

lower fruit

Which of the following statement about the develop- ment of the fruits after. several days is correct. A. The upper fruit becomes bigger since food is conducted to it.

The lower fruit becomes bigger since water is translocated to it. The upper fruit becomes smaller since water is not translocated to it. D. The lower fruit becomes

smaller since no food

is conducted to it.:

E. Both fruits are similar"

in size since both

obtain no food and water.

生物

(£)

BICLOGY (7)

Above shows a plan of a farm in the Murray-Darling. Basin in Australia a. Give a reasoned account

of the farming activities which are carried on in this farm.

What are the main char- acteristics found in this farm which cannot be found in an average farm in Hong Kong?

forest and their tillage in subsistence crops. For two or three years until weeds or soil exhaustion force their abandonment. This continues unitl all available field sites convenient to the settle- ment have heen used, Then the entire population moves to a

new Bite well removed from 梁永華

the earlier one and establishes a new village settlement. The old site of village, and fields" quickly reverts to Jorest, and after some decades it may again be cleared as new land, in a process of slow rotation during which the soil recovers some of its fertility and the trouble- some weeda are crowded out by forest growth.

Unit 4: Transport in Organisms I Multiple Choice Questions: The following three questions refer to the following diagram below.

Section X

Stained

red solution

A leafy twig with roots is placed in a beaker of coloured water, as shown. After a day, sections of root and stem are cut and examined under a low power

microscope.

1. The red spots in section K

are the

A. xylem tissue of the stem B. xylem tissue of the root C. phloem tissue of the stem D. phloem tissue of the root E. cambium tissue of the

sten

is

The red solution transported up the stem by forces produced by

(1) photosynthesis (2) transpiration (3) capillarity

(4) root pressure

A. (1),(2) and (3) only B. (1), (2) and (4) only C. (1),(3) and (4) only D. (2), (3) and (4) only E. (1), (2), (3) and (4)

3. If a certain amount of

sodium chloride is add to the red solution, the

rate of rising of the wat in the stem will A. increase

B. decrease

C. have no change

D. have uncertain change E. increase at once" and

decrease later.

Questions for revision: 12. ISOTHERMS OF A N. CONTINENT

OCEAN

LAND

Winter Isotherm Summer Frotherm

HIGH

LATITUDE

"OCEAN

Low LATITUDE

Above is a generalized patt¬ ern of distribution for sumer and winter isotherms as they may ap ear on a hypothetical continent in the Northern Hemisphere. a. Describe the characterisin tics of summer and winter temperatures as shown by the pattern.

13.

Account for such a dia- tribution pattern.

PLAN OF A FARM

MAIN

1382

** (25) **

FIG. CWINTER CONDITIÓN

c. The natural phenomenon described in the paragraph is the effect of foha lenown in * Europe or Chinook as called in North America,

The foehn or chinook is a warm, dry and often gua tý wind on the leeward side of /mountain ranges witen`s table air is forced to flow over the barrier by the regional

The swelling is due to

(1) accumulation of food (2) more active cell

division

(3) enlargement of cells

A. (1) only

B. (1) and (2) only

D. (1) and (3) only

E. (1), (2) and (3)

5. Another branch was similarly

ringed as in 4 between two developing fruits of similar size, as illustrated below.

MAIN

Pastura Faltru

C. (2) and (3) only

ROAD

Wheat

Homestead L. Vam

b. Crops grown

· Individual farma are small, usually only a few acres, and the crops are. grown almost exclusively to provide food for the farm family. Of the grains, maize millet and probably upland · rice are important. Other common crops are yams, mani peanuta, taró, veans, peas and melons.

Importance

It is still a way of in several forested areas is S.E. Asia. It provides a way of dealing with several of the severe problems, such as weed and soil leaching, with which tropical cultiva- tion are commonly faced. The agricultural system requires less labour to pro- duce a specific amount of food so it is not an unauit- able method of agriculture - where the population density is low enough to permit sufficiently long fallow periods.. Moreover, burning forest helps to destroy part of pest and disease in the forest areas.

Importance

Plantation agriculture is mainly a commercial venture initiated by individual owners and operators, They are main- ly Europeans. After fi.II, many of the colonies became independant and many plantat- ions are being broken up into small holdings. Nomatter what happened to the ownership, plantation is nevertheless an important type of farming, as it attracts foreign investment, provides job opportunities for people of the localities; /attracts immig ante which in

turn give birth to large city centres, encourages the deve- lopment of communication; produces raw materials for industries and special food. supply for many people. expost of the plantation crops is always an important source of income of the country which can be used for wany purposes. such as irrigation scheme and construction of school, hospi- tal, industrial building and residential houses.

SHIFTING AGRICULTURE

. Relation

Shifting agriculture is carried on the hilly districts and forested areas of tropical

The re regions of S.E.Asin. abundant heat and rainfall have produced a luxuriant ve vegetation, principally forest, but these same climate condi- tions also promote a luxuriant weedy growth once the original vegetation is cleared away. C These regious mainly have the latosolic soils whose fertility is quickly exhausted under cultivation without skilful management. This type of ma management the primitive farm- er may not be able to provide, and hence, he is forced to adopt a system of cultivation. that requires new lands for temporary cultivation. Shift- ing agriculture involves the

clearing of fields in the laddy rice predominates in most areas where it can be

TOWN. Wheat, corn, barley, sorghum, millet, and some nats tend to be grown actively where rice does not thrive, their areas of growth overlap- ping somewhat with those of rice, Non grain crops include soybeans; peanuts; sugarcane; sesame seed, rape seed, tobac- co, tea, many garden vegetables and some fruita. These regions also grow fibers, noʻlably cotton; jute; silk; and hemp.

Relative importance

Under subsistence farm- ing, crops are grow mainly for home consumption, only a small surplus is sold to nearby marketa. This system of agriculture provides food for multitudes of people, who live in innumerable farm villages and till their tiny fields with endless patience and hard labour; but seldom do they achieve more than bare existence"/

'I'LANTATION AGRICULTURE

a. Relation

S,E. Asia is an import- ant region of plantation farming. Large estatea are mainly found on coastal hill- slopes, e.g. in W. Malaysia, Java and the Phillippines etc It is carried out very success -fully and in great variety The humid subtripical or tropical rainforest climates, flat, fertile, well-drained sheltered land; at the varying elevations needed to grow crop specialities, we preferred by plantation owners and mana- gers.

b. Types of crops

Usually, it involves the growth of commoidities for sale in markets where those commodities cannot be grown because of adverse climate and/ or other natural environ- mental features, Hubber, ba- banas, tea, coconuts and oil palms are principal crops grown in the plantations in

ASia.

The next three questions refer to the following diagram of a section of the mammalian heart. and its associated blood ves- sela.

Which vessel transports oxygenated blood from the lung to the heart

A.1 B.4 0.5 0.6 E.7

Which vessel containe blood with the highest concentra- tion of glucose?

A.1

3.4

C.5 D.6 E.7

3. The wall of chamber 2 is

thinner than that of chamber 3 because

(1) chamber 3 has to punp

blood to distant organs from the heart

(2) in such case chamber 2 has a larger space for storing more blood

13) in such case chamber. 3

can pum blood faster to other parts od the body

A. (1) only. D. (1) and (3) B. (2) only. only. C. (3) only E. (1),(2)and

(3).

9. Which of the following.

statements about veins is always true?

A. They carry deoxygenated

blood.

B. They carry blood to the

heart.

C. They are found near the

body surface.

D. Their walls are muscularf E. They contain no valves,

Ana. 1.A 2.D

3.B 4.E 5.A 6.B 7.B 8.A 9.B