1977-02-14 — Page 26

頁二第張七第 日七十月二十年辰丙審

WAH KIU YAT PO

報日僑華

fited a lot from its favour- "able natural endowment. A

DIAGRAM TO SHOW A FARMING AREA

comparison of the two regions

21.

1977中學會考試題預習專欄

明德社主編

C

ན

ANSWERS: 地理科(十四)

19.

The graph illustrate the main changes which has taken place in the farming section in the last twenty years. In general, the total amount of cultivated land tends to dimiṇ- ish. It is due to the urban expansion in the past two decades which results in a competition of land for con- struction and cultivation, Since more fresh water has to be directed to urban uses, urban expansion is also a cause of the scanty water supply in the rural areas which attacks agri culture there. Industrial-

ization in the urban areas has attracted a lot of labour from the rural to urban areas, which results in a lack of ru- ral labour force. All these help to account for the decline of the total laud in rural areas but an increase in the fallow land.

The most dramatic change takes place in the areas of land for vegetable and paddi. There has been a rapid increase in the area of laud for vage- tables or marketing gardening while a rapid decline in the acreage of paddă fields. Many fields which were traditionally utilized for two crop paddi with winter catch crops of vegetables have been converted to intensive vegetables grow- ing in order to meet the increasing demand in the Colony. 1t is because after the second World War, the consumption of vegetables in Hong Kong in- creased greatly due to the rapid increase in population, The most important reason which stimulates the farners to change their paddi fields to market gardening is that the profit from the growing and selling of vegetables can be nine to ten times that from growing rice. The rapid increase is also due to the improvements in transportation in the New Territories. Since vegetables are easily perish- able food dengnded by urban dwellers,

the conversions is only limited to the fields bordering roads and the rail with the isolated parts of the N.T. still ultilized to produce rice.

In addition to these two main crope there are several field crops which are grown, and the main önes include ground nuts and sweet potatosa, Tasse crops are found mainly on the slopes or dry sandy soil where the conditions are not suitable for rice and vegetables. Production of these crops is for local consumption but there has been a gradual decline in the acreage of these crops in recent years.

The area occupied by ́orchard is relatively small The growth of fruits is limited by frost and typhoons It is increasing at a steady rate.

Fresh-water fish produc- tion is another important activity in the rural areas There is a rather rapid increase in the aceage of fresh-water fish ponds, may be because the average return of fresh-water fish ponds per aere is 6 or 7- tines that of the two cropped paddi.

The adoption of improved

techniques and the efforts

of he Government cannot be neglected too.

20.

* The North China Plain and Szechwan Basin are two important agricultural regions

The North China in China. Plain, which is the largest plain in China, with over 60% of its land under cultivation, has the largest peasant pop- ulation. The remote inland basin of Szechwan, on the other hand, being a hilly' region, with about 80% of ita land under cultivation, has long been known as *Tien- fu-chih-kus" or The Country with rich natural resources" where agriculture has bene-

can be viewed from the

following aspects:

A. Method of Farming

The Szechwan Basin is hilly in nature. Flat land is limited to only about 5% of the whole basin and occur only in patches. This mountainous nature has direct effect on farming method.⠀⠀⠀ Terracing on slopes is outstanding. Fields are small and intensively cultivated.

Although intensive subsis- tence agriculture still exista in the North China Plain, the transformation in the last twenty years cannot be over- looked. Due to tue flatness ́of the region, the Land Reform

Movement and the rapid indus-'. triali,stion since recent years, the subsistence inten- sive agricolture in the region has been gradually transforming into modernized agriculture. In recent years, Comunes are organised - small land holdings of poor peasant are combined and cultivation is brought under joint effort. With this Land Reform kovement, farm aizes ara increased, and there is certain degree (of mechani❤ sation.

B. Types of Crops:

Szechwan, being situated to the south of Tsinling, has abundant rainfall and long growing season which enable the growth of double-cropped paddi. Rice is the most important food crop and its anaual yield represents more than 80% of the total food production. Besides the pro- duction of food crop, Szechwan has long been famous of its wide range of cash crops produced, e.g. cotton, tung oil, silk, sugar-cane, tea, tobaccó and fruits.

The cooler temperatures of the North China Plain, on the other hand, favours the growth of wheat, barley, millet and Moliang. These are important food crops in the region. |Cash crops are important too. |Cotton, peanut, saya-bean and |fruit are produced in large

quantities.

C. Advantages and Difficulties

to be overcome

Because of the warm ten- peratures, long growing season and fertile soils, the produc- tivity in the basin is very high.llowever, further agri- cultural development depends on the improvement of irriga- tion systems and transportat- |ion, and must go hand in hand

indus trial development,

with too.

In spite of the fertile alluvial soils and the flatneMÆ of the region, the agriculture in the North China Plain suffers a lot from the frequent flood- ing of rivers and drought caused by the unreliability of rainfall. The operation of the Hwang-ho Multi-Purpose Water Scheme has provided some checks against the natur- al harzards. Just the same, the scheme should go hand in hand with industrialization, urbanisation and improvements on transportation, thus, North China an become China' paradise.

Juestion for next week:

Functions of the

buildings.

1. Clinic

✩|z. Labourer's

咎

Quarters

3. Workshop

FIELD

・434 Workshop Penses. Collection

4

station

6. Owner's House

8. Coperative

Society

7. School

Crop plantad

FIELD

*

鵠

છે છે

= Road

TM Building

Derse

Carefully study the above diagram which illustrates an area of farming and answer the following:

A. Name the regions of the

world where this kind of farming can be found. B. Mention the farming, method

practicing in this area. C. state the main characteris-

tice of this kind of farming.

D. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages derived from

it.

B. What type of crop is grown

in this farming area?

F. Discuss the future develop-

ment of this kind of færm= ing.

生物(十四)

梁永華

BIOLOGY (14)

Unit FIVE: Homeostasis and

Support

Homeostsaia is the tende

ency of organisms to maintain the conditions in their inter- nal environment constant. The constancy of the internal environment is regulated by almost all the organs of the body e.g. skin; circulatory respiratory, excretory and digestive organs.

Skin, bones and muscles are organ systems. The skin covers the body, the bones. supports it and the muscles move the bony framework. Since they determine the shape and symmetry of the body, we should think of the others when we discuss about any one- of them.

Turgidity of cells and the mechanical tissues are the two majoe methods of support exist in plants.

REVISION TEST 5

I Multiple choice questions:

1.In cold weather the body temperature is maintained partly by stimulating the metabolic rate by increasing the intake of

A proteins

B. vitamins C.fats

D.mineral salts E.carbohy- drates

2.5weating. can cool the body

because

A.much water is lost B.fat is part of the sweat C.salt has a high specific

heat capacity

D.wet surface is cooler than

dry surface

E water absorbs heat when

it vapourizes

3. Which of the following

are means by which body of a man lost. water ?

I Urea

II Faeces

III Breathed out air

IV Sweat

The correct combination is: A. I, II, and III only. B. I, II and IV only C. II, III and IV only. D. I, III and IV only. E, I, II, III and IV.

4. Terrestrial insects over- come the problem of drying by: I Drinking a great deal

of water

II Excreting uric acid III Developing an imper-

meable exoskeleton

IV Panting

The correct combination is:

A. III only.

B. IV only.

C. III and IV only.

D. TI and III only.

E. I, II, III and IV.

5. If the concentration of

insulin in blood is high, then there would be a/an A. decreased conversion of

glycogen to glucose

B. decreased absorption of

sugar from the gut

C. increased absorption of

sugar from the gut D. increased conversion of

glycogen to glucose

E. increased rate of digest-

ion of food.

6. Which of the following is

not a function of the skin?

A. to prevent exceas water

loss

}

B. to prevent entry of germa C. to synthesize vitamin E

日四十月二年七七九一曆公年六十六國民華中 育僑華

-期星

D. to protect surface of body against friction E. to perceive touch and temperature change 7.The mammalian skeletal

system is divided into two main parts.

A. skull and vertebral column B. skull and axial skeleton C. axial skeleton and vert-

ebral column.

D. axial skeleton and append-

icular skeleton

E. appendicular skeleton and

skull

8.The functions of the stem.

are f

I Provision of mechanical.

support

II Storage of food

III Transportation of food

materials

IV Conduction of water

and dissolved mineral salts

The correct combination is:

A. I, II and III.

B. I, III and IV.

D I, II and IV.

C. II, III and IV.

E. I, II, III and IV.

經濟與公共事務(十四

孔繁盛、

Economic & Pubilc Affairs

(14)

"1. What a constitution is The constitution of

a state is the system of laws, customs and convent- ions which define the com- position and powers of the institutions governing the country, and regulate the relations of the various institutions to one anoth- er and to the people.

A constitution that is written down as a docu- ment or a number of docu- ments is called a "written constitution".

An"unwritten consti- tution "is one in which the provisions about the structure and powers of the govertiment are not formally set down,

When changes or ame- naments can only be made by a special procedure, the constitution is said to be a "rigid constitution",

When changes can be made by the ordinary law- making procedure, the con- stitution is said to be a "flexible constitution":

Constitution Hong Kong's constitu- tion is written and flexib- le.

2. Hong Kong's Co

The most important of the documents establishing government in Hong Kong are the Letters Patent, the Ro- yal Instructions, and the Colonial Regulations. They serve as "directions to go- vernors for general guidan- ce by the Crown.

A. Letters Patent

a/.It creates the office of the Governor, who is also the Commander-in-Chief

b/.It establishes an Executive Council and a Legislative Council.

c/. It empowers the Gov- ernor to make laws, to app- oint judges and law office- ra, and to grant pardons.

d. It enables the Gove- nor to establish a civil service, to dismiss, suspe- nd or take disciplinary action against any public officer.

e. It permits the Gove- rnor to dispose of Crown land.

f/. It empowers the Gov- ernor to appoint a deputy to act on this behalf dur- ing his absence or illness.

B. Royal Instructions

a/. They define the pow- ers, procedures, and membe- rships of the Executive and Legislative Council,

b/.They specify the pow~ ers and duties of the Gove- rnor in relation to the Executive and Legislative Council.

c/.They establish the p principle that everyone in the Colony is, equal before the Law.

C. Colonial Regulations: They are directions to Gov-

ernor for general guidance

by the Crown.

3. The Governor

a.He represents the Cr-

GWIL.

·

b/.He is the real head of the Government.

c/.He presides at meeti- ngs at the Executive Counc- 11.

a/.He is President of the Legislative Council, where he is entitled to a casting vote besides the original vote he is allowed as a member.

e/.He is responsible for every executive act of the Government.

f/.His tern of office is usually five years, but can be renewed.

g/.He is the Commander- in-Chief of Hong Kong.

h.He has the authority to appoint government off- icials, judges, and justice

peace.

1.He has the perogative

of mercy.

3.He must seek the ad- vice of the Executive

un-

cil on important policy matters.

k.All bills passed by the Legislative Council must have his assent before they become law.

Economic and Public Affairs. (1) Local Government:The Urban Council

1. Development

One of the most im- portant problems in the early British administrati- on of Hong Kong was sanita- tion and hygiene. In 1843 a Committee of Public Health and Cleansing was set up, as the beginning of a local administration apart from the central government, to enforce rules necessary to improve sanitation,

In 1882 a special commissioner was sent from London to investigate the problem. Later a Sanitary Board was set up, consist- ing of four official mem- bers, four nominated mem- bers and two elected membe- rs. In 1936 the Urban: Council was introduced to replace the Sanitary Board.

2. Composition

In 1973, the Urban Council became an indepen- dent and corporate body, receiving a 40% of the rat- es paid in the urban area. The Council now consists of 12 members appointed by the Governor, and 12 members elected by the voters, with the chairman elected by and from the members. The norm- al term of office of both.. elected and appointed men- bers is four years. Headed by the Public Services Co- mmissioner, the Urban Ser- vices Department is the executive arm of the Urban Council.

3. Duties

The Council is res- ponsible for enviromental sanitation and hygiene, cultural services, outdoor entertainment, public re- creation and amenities.

4. Meetings

a/. The Council holds its meetings in public once every month.

b. Decisions are made by the standing committee of the whole Council and select committees.

c. Decisions made by the Council are carried out by the Urban Services Dep- artment.

5. The Urban Council elect- orate

To become a voter, a person must have his resi- dence his Hong Kong for the

He 18 past three years. over 21 years old. He must fall within a number of ca- tegories of people, which include, broadly speaking: holders of school certifi- cates, teachers, civil se- rvants, tax payers, rates payers, and some specified professions,