1977-02-07 — Page 26

Solution:

-期

revolutions. Revolutions would erupt when these proletar lat workers, themselves the creations of the factory system which was a product of

頁二第張七第 日十二月二十年辰丙歷夏 WAH KIU YAT PO

報日僑

1977中學會考試題預習專欄

明德社主編

3. Rind the locus of the

point z such that

122 +

72 +

귀

= 2

美術(一)卷四 ·許允甜·

12z+11 {2{x+¿y)+1}

實物構圖

(四小時完卷)

(COMPOSITION FROM OBJECTS-

PAINTING)

選取試場內陳設之若千實物,剮一般,但必須設色 102+11.

= |i (x+iy)+1|

|(1-y) +

奥而可以任何風格及技法處。考生亦可想慘垢補 管面將經對

假設試與內陳設之物品儒各類型之關聯器風,

Subsotitute z = x+ży, we have capitalism, were economically

= √(2x+1)+2¿y]

√(2x+1)2 + (2x)2

2z+1

考生可自由選線:(A)閱案装饰性之在器皿資

物

¿Z+1

(B)與寫實傳統性之陶瓷器餐

物

註:由本所提供之性險例器考料,並非代表 唯一之實物譯團锵寫法,考生應進可能參照原校 敦師倡導之方法與技巧

(三)富有装简性之寶物聯圖描繪。

CA)燃物品之形象圖案化

(B)用鏤空模印的方法化

其他紙張上把物體形像先要好友機

(圖三)

CC)利用海棉把濃度較大的曬告顏色將器皿的形狀在

(試)上。

C)联都配上色及每個器可酌量加上陰影,但色物

「以能歸整個響繼爲原則。並可書試加上各國紋樣:

FEMME

(四)假設武場內際設各種形狀之石刻信物。

例(利用以上方法繒但所用之色調及第之 表現熊條最好符合原有物體之基本形及質感

·圖中較译色之苦

灰白之大理石顏色

一個設試場內陳設之物品為木製除權。

用上述方法將木椅之部份特寫作為憐。 所用尚传赤以不質相近之色調促主。

附加數學 (十三)

·岑俊彦·

Additional Mathematics(13)

Complex Numbers(1)

worked Ixamples:

Ixress

the form x+

Solution:

1-cosoisino

ino.

-cose)+isino

ixf

(1-y) + x 122+1 122+

√(2x+1)2 + (2x) 2.

√(1-x)2 + x2

Squaring both sides:

+4y2

exploited to the utmost. Then, with the success and dictator- ship of the proletariat, a now but final order would emerge: permanent justice, Socialism in short, would endure.

con-

To Marx, the capitalists of his time merchants, bank- ers, manufacturers and indus- trialists shared common interests and joined together to squeeze the workers. Being exploited, the workers were bound to grow ever more. scious of their common class status in opposing the capita- lists, a consciousness that transcended racial or national divisions. Once stimulated by some enlightened intellectuals sympathetic towards the Socialist cause, the workers would come together under an organized political party for securing power and one after which is the required locus. another revolt against the

(2x+1) 2

++ 2

4x2+4x+1+4y2

· (1-3)2

4((1-2y+y2)+x2)

4-8y+4y2+4x2

4x+8y = 3

Exercise 9

1. Express the following in

the form x+by

а

b)

1

cose-¿sine

1

1+cose isine.

c) + 44

2. Find the modulus and

argument of the following expressions:

2

b) (i+1) (2+2)

3-2

cose+i sino

cose-using

3. A complex number z varies

Z-2 so that 2.

= 2-61. Show that the point z describes a circle and find the number

represented by its centre.

4. Find the locus of z such

that

12+11

12-11

12+1 12-41.

世界歷史 (十三)

胡應亮、

WORLD HISTORY (13)

Briefly describe the basic ideas of Marxism. Was Marxism Influencial in the Socialist movementa of Europe from 1870 to 19147 Give reasons for your view.

Marx maintained that his- tory moved on a regular pattern. This pattern was a simple one. In the Communist Manifesto written by him and Engel Firi

-(1-cose)-isine)((1−cose)+isine 1848 was read all history is

1-cos@+ising

(1~cose)2+sin20

1-cose +ising

1

2-2cose.

(1-2sin2)+4(2singcos)

2-2(1-2sin

2sing(sing + cos)

4sin2

sing +

sin

글(1+icot)

1+ co

2

cot

Ans.

2. Find the modulas and

argument of

4 + 44

1++3

solution:

the polar form of 4+41

= 4√2(cos45° +à sin45°)

4/2cis450

=

The polar form of 1

2

2

33

ícos30°+isin30o)

ci s30°

+3

4+41 4J2cis45°

2

12 cis30༠

26cis(45°-30°)

=216cis15°

the modulus = 246 and argument = 159

Ans.

the history of class struggles." The law that governed the behavour and action of these social classes was material in nature. In other wordą, the driving force in human life was the economic motive, the desire for material welfare. The ruling class sought to preserve its economic interests, with other lower classes below, downtrodden by it. But in due course of time, as changing forms of economic organizations opened new sources of wealth for the lower classes, these classes rose to challenge and then replace the old ruling one. In the end the once down-trodden classes became the ruling class itself. Once again, stil2 other lower classes rose against this new ruling class, and the process continued. Since the continual struggle was "dialec- tical" and its nature "material" the whole concept was called |"dialectical materialism“.

In the case of Europe, the old feudal aristocracy had made way for the bourgeoisie in jupheavals. like the French

Revolution of 1789, and there- fore feudalism was superseded by captialism. In turn, the latter, according to Marx, would finally be overcome by the proletariat (working class) in the form of violent

middle class, and Socialism would triumph in a short time.

But could these rigid Marxist formulas be applied. to the late 19th-century Socialist movements? Or were the complex European condi- tions of the time really what Marx simplistically predicted?

Firstly, whereas the size and strength of the proletariat in advanced industrial countries like Germany and Britain were considerable, the same did not hold true to others like France or Austria, where peasants were more than workers. In France, for. example, noble estates had eversince the 1789 Revolution been broken up anong small peasant owners, and unlike Germany or Britain, her industrial areas were widely.: scattered with most factories employing comparatively few workers. In Italy, Spain or Russia, landless agricultural workera were numerous. Conse- quently, Marx's working class was hardly existent, let alone strong enough for revolution.. In France, for instance, it was not until the 1890s that Marx'a major works were translated and published. Other Socialist traditions therefore competed sometimes successfully, with Marxism. In France, Socialism in the form of decentralized: federalism, in which small communities co-operated to run their own economic activities with little governmental inter- ference (and not the Marxist centralized dictatorship of the proletariat), appealed. greatly to the peasants, as it fit so well the structure of France's economic life, which consisted of fragmented, diver- sified factories. After the 1890s, the syndicalist movement, which abandoned political action (in the Marxist sense) in favour of strikes,sometimes even assassinations, gained popularity, not only in France but in Spain, Italy and Russia as well. In these countries, anarchism, which advocated the abolition, of governments out- right whether captialist or socialist, was growing influen- tial among rural peasants and petty workers who were too ignorant to organize to fight. scientifically, except in direct action like throwing bombs, or simply too distrust- ful of the urban proletariat. In sum, the rigid ideas. of Marxism that stressed overwhel- mingly the proletariat's role was not suitable for countries of an essentially agrarian background.

Also, the orthodox Marxist assumption was that once revo- lution engineered by workers

日七月二年七七九一展公年六十六國民中有数僾繭

cheating in a game. He wil always play faïr' and honorably observe the

Secondly, instead of what Marx argued about the proletar- lat being exploited mercilessly. by the capitaliste, the workers had their share in growing. Industrial prosperity in the 1890s, especially in Germany. (which itself is exactly the.

reason why rural peasants diä not often trust the urban pro- letariat). Rather than sinking further into poverty, their standard of living was rising.. As a result, Marx's expected revolution did not come..

On the other hand, some Socialists, instead of coming under a strong coherent party, split into groups and joined trade-unions, whose aim was not the (Marxist) overthrow of the capitalist/bourgeois government but the advancement of better wages or better working condi- tions..

Thirdly, many Socialists worked WITHIN the existing. governments to forward reforms that bettered the workers, not OUTSIDE it to work for the complete take-over of the government as laid down by the doctrine of Marx. The Social Democratic Party of Germany, for example, was organized as a political party and based on wide franchaise to win parlia- mentary seats. so that reforms could be implemented. In South Germany, there was even co-oper-. ation with bourgeois parties in local politics. In France, a leading socialist accepted a ministerial appointment in the capitalist government without consulting his colleagues. All these suggested that in practice Marxism could not be totally applied to the realities, for in a world dominated by the middle class, political action was ineffective without their support. This "revisionism" from orthodox Marzien, which stressed reformist, gradual and not revolutionary action through bourgeois parliaments, was true not only of Germany but of the whole of Western Europe as well, especially after the 1890s.

Fourthly, Marx's prediction that all proletarians of the world would unit as a class dis- regard of national and racial differences was proved unreälis- tic. When bourgeois/feudal Prussia completed her unification in 1871, Lassalle, a German social- ist, praised rather than condemn- ed it. Indeed,

no matter how eloquently it was propagated about socialist universial : brotherhood, socialists of different great powers lent support to their respective capitalist governments and

broke out, peasants would follow them because the peasants were equally exploited by landlords. But, as in South Germany, many a peasant was prosperous and independent. So unless there was some agrarian programme to appeal to them, these peasants would not likely support the already weak Socialist movements. Yet if any agrarian programme was worked out, it automatically ran contrary to the orthodox Marxist ideas.

attacked each other on the outbreak of the First World War in 1914; Nationalism proved to carry more weight than Socialism.

Marxism, in short, was often modified in practice to suit different conditions of different countries in Europe. Many of the things were not

Mar what na predict. In theory, however, Marxism remained the commanding doctrine. Socialists quoted extensively from Marx in debates, for, propaganda,. and indeed in the Second Inter- national of 1899 (an interna- tional socialist organization) Marxist orthodoxy and tactics generally prevailed, and Ger- many, the homeland of Marx, accepted theoretical Marxism the most. But as far as practice was concerned, the oversimpli- fied and rigid Marxism could not answer practical problems aris- ing from differences in

European conditions.

英文 (十四)

魯榮光:

English (14)

Comprehension

Exercise 5

Read the following

passage and answer the questions that follow

Sportsmanship means

it.

the right spirit in which

ruies of the game. And he

will not expect any con-

cessions from his opponent.

He wants keen competition and fair play. There is nothing lukewarm about his style of play, and he ex- pects his opponents to be as carnest as himself. An unsportsman-like player will often get into a ten- per like a spoilt chiïa when he is being defeated.

But the true sportsman

keeps in a good humour and

plays with patiente even

when he is losing. The

final test of a realist

sport-

sman is whether he can take a defeat well. If defeated,

he can sincerely congratul

ate his triumphant opponent and shows no signs of. humilia tron or vexart) on,

then he has indeed the

true sporting spirit. Questions

1. According to the

passage, sportsmanshi

the art of playing

fair in any game

the rule that

should observe` wh

taking part in k

game

playing fair

the final test of one's performance

in any sport or game".

a man's style of play. en defeated, an

unsportsman-like

مر

will not

a.

temper

be distressed lose his

show any sign of

vexation

d. play earnestly

e play impatiently 3. A sportsman is one

winos

a. will not get auto

a temper like il

child.

4.

b: takes part in any

game or aport.

observes the rules

in any game

d.

is never defouted. will never coùcede

any thing to his.

Opponent.

The word 'concessions

may he replaced by

without

changing the meaning

the sentence (1.10) a rights b. favoure.

success

trinaph

e. eangru tulations "Lukewarm' means

ti.

5.

honourable h. honest

c. earnest

d. cheating

indifferent

6. "humiliation”. means

e.

in 'the

passage.

il. loss of self respect. b. anger. c, being defeated

d sincerity

Call will

ANSWERS

man should take part in

any sport or game. A sports mon will never dream of

1 C

2

D

5.0

4. B

5.E

6. A