1977-01-07 — Page 25

WAH KIU YAT PO

for testing the presence of (1) starch Inside the tubing (2) glucose in the water in

the beaker after the experiment.

北育教備喘 真三第張六第日八十月一十年辰丙属复

1977中學會考試題預習專欄

明德社主編

生物

(九)

梁永華·

BIOLOGY (9)

REVISION TEST 3

TI Conventional Questions:

1(a) The following diagram

shows a physiological activity

carried out by Amoeba.

"hucleus

(1) Name this process. (ii) What are the functions

of structure X ?

(iii) Explain why structure X.

is commonly found in protozoa living in fresh water..

(iv) Explain why structure X or structures of similar functions are not found in

water 7 living in fresh

par

(b) The following apparatus

was set up.

Visking

tubing

Visking

tubing

tightly tied

water

a mixture

of starch

and glucose solutions After several hours it was found that glucose was present in the water in the beaker.

(i) What process has occured to ensure the glucose to pass out of the tubing ? (ii) What part of the body

is represented by the water in this experiment ? (iii) Explain why does the

starch remain in the tubing.

(iv) Suggest the reagents

you could use and indicate

the results you would expect

2(a) The following diagram

shows the human urinary system

A

$

E

G H

(1) By means of letters indicate the appropriate structures which carry out. the following functions:

(1) storage of urine (2) ulta-filtration.

(3) secretion of adrenalin (ii) Acount for the differ- ences in composition of the blood in blood vessel A and B.

(dii) What changes would you expect in the amount and con- centration of the liquid passing through E of a

(1) after drinking a large quantity of water?

man

(2) after excessive sweat-

ing on a hot, dry day?. (b) Name the excretory organs: of a mammal and state the excretory products sexreted by each,·

(c) what immediate effect would the removal of the pancreas have on the con- position of the urine of a man? Give reasons for your

answer.

3(a) The following. table

shows a comparison between (A) the production and (B) the composition of the. glomerular filtrate and of the urine of a man.

glomerular filtrate. (A)production |187,200

|c.c.daily!

urine 1,500

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water

五期星 日七月一年七七九一服公年六十六國民中

that the higher the income

報日僑華

(B)composition,

198.50% 0.02%

minerals 11.00%

glucose

10.10%

ather L

ja trace

96.0% 2.0% 1.8% nil 10.2%

nitrogen-

ous subs-

urea

tances

(1) Why is there auch a great difference between the daily production of the two. fluids ?

(ii) The amount of glucose in the urine is nil. What has happened to the glucose originally present in the glomerular filtrate ? (b) Name that

excretory pro- ducta of a mammal and state ̇wheze they are formed.

經濟與公共事務(九)

孔繁盛·

Economic and Public Affair(9) 9. Distinguish between dir- ect and indirect taxes so "As to show their advantages

and disadvantapes. Give four local examples of each Differences between direct and indirect taxes

1. Direct taxes fall large- ly on income. They are closely related to the abi-

Indirect lity to pay. taxes fall on consumption. 2. A dircet tax falls dir- ectly on the persons taxed and socannot be avoided. An indirect tax, being naid indirectly as part of the payment for some commodity or service, can be avoided to the extent that the con- sumer cut down consumption of the goods and services

taxedong

Income tax, an item of direct taxes, is usually progressive; this means

登本報分類廣告

話

請撥電言

中華民國謹照180綠印同價 美加澳特快證非探親當990 岳還於辦公司北角新都城大厦1511 H629052.

the greater the proportion. of it that has to be paid in taxation. A tax imposed upon a commodity, an item of indirect taxes, does not fall entirely on the buyer. The incidence of the tax depends on the elasticity of demand far, the commodity If the demand for it is re- Iatively inelastic, the seller will be able to rai- se its price by a large proportion of the tax, a burden transferred to the buyer, as a result. If the demand for it is relatively elastic, the seller can. hardly raise its price and he will have to take up a large pronortion of the tax as a result.

4. The basic principle of direct taxation is that ap more equitable distribution of income and wealth can be attained. The basic prin-- cinle of indirect taxation is that it should be spread over as wide a range of commodities as nossible, and it ensures that people of widely different tastes are called upon to pay some taxes.

Advantages and disadvantag- es of direct and indirect taxes

1.

An excessively high in− come tax may reduce the in- centive to work of people in the higher- and middle- income groups, and make some people unwilling to work overtime. A seles tax imposed on the cheaper,

common necessary goods

would make the poor pay

more than the rich..

2. It is generally recogni- sed that direct taxation iġ more equitable than indiren ct taxation since the form- er is related to ability to

pay.

M

High profit tax, as a type of direct taxes, may discourage people's incent- ive to invest, and willing- ness to improve their busi- negs.

4. The cost of collecting

·direct taxes is higher than that of collecting indirect

taxes.

5. Evaeion of direct taxes is easier than that of in- direct taxes.

6. Indirect taxes can be. used to restrict consumpt- ion of some commodities euch as epirits and tobacco

Local examples.

A. Direct taxes.

B..

a. Profits tax b. Interest tax c. Salaries tax. d. Estate duty

Indirect taxes a. 'Stamp duties. b. Excise duties: c. Betting duty

d. Entertainment tax:

Exercise:

11. Describe the trade: restrictions often imposed by countries on internation nal trade.. What are the

difficulties Hong Kong en-

countera in her exporting trade?

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Page 25Page 26

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