1976-06-07 — Page 25

育教僑頁一第張七第

日十初月五年辰丙歷夏 WAH KIU YAT PO

報日僑華

-DE

break down the bicarbonate salts and lubricate CO2 which diffuses into the alveoli and

195

中學會考生物科题解 卓慕體|

·48.

(1) Diaphragm, a thin sheet of

muscle, contracts and relaxea by itself. When it is relaxed as during expiration, it is in a dome-shaped position, when it contracts as during inspir-. ation it is flattened. However when the rubber sheet is pull-

ed down, the balloons swell. This is supposed to demonstr- ate inspiration. Thus the

upward

and downward movements of the rubber sheet do not resemble the actual movement of the diaphragm during respiration.

(ii) The ribs can be raised or

lowered by the movement of the intercostal

al muscles. During inspiration, the rib-cage is raised upwards and outwards, during expiration, it is lowe ered and returns to its ori-

ginal position. However, a bell. jar cannot show any such

movement.

(iii) 1. Space R - pleural cavity

2. Fluid R = pleural fluid 3. It lubricates the surf-

aces in the region of the contact between the lungs and thorax. Thus it gives it protection and allow free movement with little friction

during breathing move

ments. (6 marks)

(i) During inspiration, the con-

contraction of the external

中學會考經濟及公共事務科題解

Jection B.

4

劉文光·

Give the reasons for the rapid growth of Hong Kong's external trade. List the difficulties encountered by Hong Kong in her export of domestic products.

There are many factors responsible for the rapid growth of Hong Kong's external trade. First, her geographical feature of having a deep sheltered harbour; her location at many of the busiest sea and air routes and her link: with the Mainland China and other Asian Countries in the Far East enable her to develop her trade with other countries easily.

Secondly, the government's lasses- faire policy, the low tax, her entreport nature with only few excise duties on certain commodities are favourable factors for the development of her ex- ternal trade.

Thirdly, being a Brisish Colony and a member of the Commonwealth, Hong Kong enjoyed the privileges of the Preferen- tial Treatment.

Fourthly, Hong Kong is the finan cial centre in the Far East.:

This pro- vides her the necessary capital for expansion. Besides, she also possesses the cheap labour force and the necessary skills for industrial development.

Lastly, there are many voluntary organisations, like the Hong Kong Trade Development Council, the Kong Producti- vity Centre and the Hong Kong Export Credit Corporation, help to promote external trade by means of trade fairs and trade missions.

However, in the development of this external trade, Hong Kong, alao encounters many difficulties. They are the trade barriers, like quotas, higher tariffs and embargo, set up by other. countries against the importation of our manufactured productą.

intercostal muscles pivot the ribs, and they move the ster-

num ventrally and cranially. The diaphragm contracts and flattens.

(ii) Thus increasing the volume

and of the thoracic cavity creasing the air pressure in

the lungs, tidal air from the atmosphere flows in, resulting in inspiration; air enters the lungs until the pressure with- in is equal to that of the atmosphere.

(iii) During vigorous activity,

much energy was required. This came from the oxidation of food in the

which is a by-product of oxidation, in the blood after vigorous acti- vity thus rises. When this reaches the respiratory centre of the brain, nerver £mpulses are automatically sent to the diaphragm and rib muscles which increases the rate and depth of breathing. This acce- lerated rate of breathing & helps to get rid of the accu- mulated CO and increase the amount of On in the blood.

40.

(7 marks) (1) The wall of the alveoli is

thin, elastic and single cell layer with a thin film of moisture. This gives the al- veoli a greater surface area which is thin enough and cont- aining sufficient moisture to facilitate gaseous exchange- (ii) The O2 in the air dissolve in the film of moisture and

diffuse through the epithelium into the surrounding capillar- ies. (Th low concentration of

the alveoli stimulates CO2 in an enzyme in the blood to

concentration muscles. The

Our products also face keen competition from products produced by those newly developed countries, like Singapore, Korea, and

prea and Indonesia.

Hong Kong has to rely heavily on other countries for the supply of raw materials, the introduction of new production technology and up-to-datë machinery. Without all these, we can not produce to compete with other countries.

Besides, our export and import are subject to the loss resulting in the constant fluctuation of foreign exchange rate and the rising freight..

Most of these difficulties are out. of our control and the solutions to these problems are essential if we wish to preserve our present/economic statas in the world trade.

5.

How does Jong Kong Government promote, the development of manufacturing industries. Explain briefly the deter- minants of the location of light industries in Hong Kong..

The Hong Kong government promotes the development of manufacturing industries by providing the infrastruc- ture of the economy in the form of transportation and communication, ware- housing and banking, as well as education and technical training, etc..

The government adopts the lassez- faire policy towards commerce and manu- facturing industry. It is the tradi- tional policy of the Hong Kong govern- ment not to interfere with the free operation of the economy. At the same time, the government levies very low tax e.g. 17% of the profit tax only, in order to reserve sufficient. fund to the industries for expansion.

The government also leases land at special favourable terme to industria- liete to develop new industries. This helps to attract foreign investors to get up their industries in Hong Kong..

The government also provides loan to small firme to purchase their macchin ery, to increase outnut and efficiency as well as to reduce product cost, by the

is expelled.)

(iii) X= blood plasma. (iv) Comparison of:

pulmonary artery: pul. vein: Structure: muscular

thin- walled

smaller

lumen

2Composition

thick-walled

elastic bigger lumen

of X: more bicar

bonate salts 3 nature of Hb:..

deoxygenated hemoglobin frad

(7 marks)

very little

oxygen- ated

oxyhae-

moglob-

201

(1) 1. Cockroaches prefer a dark

place to a light place,

ie. habit of cockroach is

nocturnal.

Dark corners are usually not easily accessible by or visible to its predators

SQ

they have a better means of preservation & survival. (ii) Drill a hole in the dark

compartment and spray the chemical X into the dark compartment. If this chem-

ical repells cockroaches, they would leave this dark

compartment and escape to the light compartment even though their habit is for dark place 5b Adaptation or cockroaches to

a land, habitat are:

posses 2 pairs of wings, en- able flight,

posses spiracles, enable gas- eous exchange;

日七月六年六七九一曆公年五十六國民中

jointed appendages with claws & glandular pads, enable walk- ing on slippery surface;

50. thin cuticle, lighter weight.

(1) Withdrawal reflex action. (ii) Stimulus( pin prick)

sen-

setting up of the Industrial Bank with the co-operation of local banks. This provides capital to small investors who would have no source of finance.

The government also sets up such institutions like the D. C. & I, Labour Department and the Trade Development Council, the Hong Kong Productivity Centre, to promote trade, to solve labourer disputes and to increase pro- ductivity --

There are many factors determining the location of light industries in Hong Kong. but among these the following are: more important.

a) The transport of an industrial

centre is of important considera- tion. Raw materials and labour have to be transported to the manufacturing centres and finish- ed products have to be transport÷ ed to markets.

b) Labour force is one of the

factors of production without which production cannot be carried out. Industries are usually set up in population centres where such labour force can be tapped.

e) The price of land is also an

important consideration. Factories are usually set up in places where land is cheap and abundant for further ex- pansion in the future. Rent is a main cost of product.

Power is needed to turn the wheels of industries. Water power is required for some industries, like the textile and dyeing industries and electric power is necessary for practically all sorta. of production. Light industries are not set up in places where power supply is absent.

Finally, the government policies is. also a very important determinant, The government specifies the setting up obnoxiousindustries in particular areas and therefore, same knowledge of the government policies is necessary for the setting up of light industries in ilong Kong.

sory receptor sensory nerve

dorsal root® - dorsal horn

grey matter (impulse analysed

and response issued) synapse motor neuron

ventral

motor nerve - efferent

to effector organ eg. muscles. Response: hand withdraws (iii) When the impulse was

analysed in the grey matter of the spinal cord, at the same time that a motor responsi is issued, another impulse is sent off to the brain where the impulse is interpreted as

the student is

5歳

pain, thu

aware of the paint (iv) Pupil reflex: sharp light

hits eye, circular muscles of iris contracts, reducing size of pupil, therefore limit amount of light entering eye”

(7 marks) (1) Effect of water on direct-

ion of growth of root. (ii) Positive hydrotropism (iii) The apparatus has a three-

fold purpose, to prove that roots are: positively geo- tropic, positively hydrotro- pic, and are more positive hydrotropic than geotropic. If it is placed at a slant, then the attraction of gra- vity and water would be ea- ually strong to the root. (iv) First, the attraction of

gravity caused them to grow downwards, but since water is more important to life, the attraction of water seems to be stronger and the roots would curve upwards towards the moist cotton wool" (v) Prevent light from entering as it might confuse the issue. in question and also cause rapid evaporation of the water from the cotton wool.

6.

( 4 marks )

Since the Second World War, Hong Kong has experienced a rapid growth of polulation and industry. Describe the social problema brought about by such growth.

The first problem brought by increased industrialisation and popula- tion is land and housing. It causes a shortage of land for the development of cheap housing and other recreational facilities in Hong Kong. As the result of this shortage of land, rent soars high and and increasing tendency of overcrowdedness.

The second problem is public health and poor working and living conditions. Air pollution destroys natural enviroment and encourages the spread of diseases. There is the over concentration of industrial and resi- dential areas mingled in one district.

Another problem is the frequent outbreak of crimes and the lowering of morality. Industrialisation weakens family ties and changes the materia- listic outlook of life. The uneven distribution of wealth creates extremity which induces the outbreak of crimes.

The heavy traffic resulting from over industrialisation and population has been a serious problem: in Hong Kong. This connot be solved unless it is accompanied by the migration of people. into the New Territories and more. plan- ning for industrial development.

There is also insufficient educa- tional facilities, like schools, in Hong Kong. The increased population gives rise to greater demand for education for the young.

At present many children are without proper education in Hong Kong.

Finally, there is the lack of public utilities, like roads and reser- voirs to provide the essential needs of the people in ong Kong.

There are also many other probleme, but those mentioned above are Lore urgent and serious..

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