1974-01-28 — Page 15

REFERENCE LIBRARY

28 JAN1974.

育教僑華 頁三第張四第,日六初月正年寅申歷

WAH KIU YAT PO

郭日僑華

罗福

1974 中學會考試題預習專欄

*堅道書院主編

歷史科十三)黃超雄

HISTROY (13)

Account for the formation of the Triple Entente.

After the Franco-Prussian “ar, Biomarck built up a system of allianı es to suit the interests of Germany and to keep France in isolation. Up to his fall1 in 1890 he was uite

successful for Germany was on good tarms with most European Powers and France remained isolated. The dismiss al of Bismarck marked a turning point in the relationships of uroDean

States. Henceforward, Germany became. increasingly on object of hostile reaction from other Powers, France, lost no chance in exploiting the breach between Germany on the one harl

and iussian and Britain on the other hand; and she succeeded in drawing i two treat Powers together to form the

Triple intente of 1907 in opposition to the German's Triple Alliance..

The first sins of a possible rif between Germany and Russia appeared. in the Berlin Congress of 1878.when permany. Austria and Britain united:

Irritated by Germany, Russia tner turned to France. As France was eage to break through her long isolation lahe was ready to ovovide Russia, with

thecanital it needed. Friendship developed quickly and the French and 「Russian fleet exchanged visite. ven

ually a secret Treaty was concluded 1 1093 by which France and Russia agree to support each other if either side

areinstegia. But Bismarck was able were attacked by a third rover.

to bridge the ran by concluding the

secret Reinsurance Treaty of 1287

ritain now realised that her Pussin. But the iccession of the rech less and impulsive Villiam II in 1888

Jourdid solntion! was dancerous. soon ruined Bismarck's system of allff and she ins anxious to seek an ally. cances.in.the irst:nlace.'the new

juinuriaenen to secure (ustro-German control in the Balkans even if it led to hostility from Russia, He deliber ately. ignored Russia and had no inter ion of renewing the Reinsurance Treat Secondly, he ordered Bismarck to clos

the.Berlin Bourse to: Russian Ibane. when Russia asked Germany for loans develop her industries in 1888.

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since France and Hussia were her traditional foes as well as contem rorary colonial rivals, Her oily choice rested with Germanya she thuel

repeatedly approached Germany for a alliance in 1898, 1899 and 1901. Bu every time her overture was turned down:by Germany. Then a breach soon developed between the two nations.

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ritain was especially alarmed at the Kaiser's 1900 hew Navy Law whic doubled the German battle fleet and hie ambitious scheme Tor the Borlin

Barhdad Tallway which would bring

{"iddle East within the reach of Cerl iny. Thus Britain pradually drifte away from Germany.

With Russia as her ally and Britair as her friend, France noy naturally: worked towards a Rueso-British underw standing so as to complete her plan of isolating Germany. In fact, a numberof factors favourable to such an under− standing were present. In Europe, the German's Berlin Baghdad" railway... project was as mucha danger to Brit- ish as to Russiad Prejeiman control. of Turkey was displeasing to both Britain and Russia. Honeover, the Balkan Staten were Enowing a remarkab) -c independence. and would not lean:

it the same time, France was rock towards a.rolicy of isolating German After concluding the Dual Alliance with Fussia in 1893, France succeede towards Russia. In Asia, the Russian

threat was also fading; she was defeat in coming into an agreement with Italy in 1902. She now Jost. nd chanel ed by iTapan in 1905 and the two PowerE in exploiting the rift between Brit- came to an agreement in 1907 which

ruaranteed the independence of China,

ain and Germany.The annroaches of Declcasse, the Foreign Minister of France resulted in an exchange of visits between King Edward VII and President Loubet. Finally, in 1904, the Dual Entente was signed. Though

this locument was no more than

settlement of points of dispute, its true significance as to complete the main: structure of uropean alliances..

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Uder such circumstances, it was easy for France to bring the Lion and the Bear together. The result was the (Triole Entente of 1907 which was main

ly a settlement of Anglo-Russian. dispute in the Middle East.

retrospect hit was a change in German foreign policy that throw Ruajie and Britain into French arma The Dual Alliance 1893 and the Qual Entente led naturally to the Triple. intente.

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真四第張四第日六初月正年寅甲磨夏