1973-12-25 — Page 14

二期星日五廿月二十年三七九一曆公年二十六國民中識智洋海育教

頁二第張四第 日二月二十年丑癸醫爰

WAH KIU YAT PO

報日僑業

HOD

XXCT

E

tion. Railway and telegraph lines spread rapidly. A modern postal system was also set up.

1874 中學會考試題預習專欄

堅道書院主編

歷史科

HISTORY (27)

黃超雄

In what ways did Japan imitate West- ern powers after the fall of the

·Shogunate? Thy was she alle. to make those chances with auch rapidity ?

After the fall of the Tokuga t-

| Shogunate, the leaders of the

oration chose a new slogan "Rich country, strong armyi. They wanted 「to strengthen. Japan politically,

set up though the Emperor remained the supreme Head of Japan. The docu ment also promised citizens freedon of speech, association and religion.

As regard to westernisation in

In 'constrast to the Self-streng,

1974 中學會考試題預習專欄

堅道書院主編.

E.P.A. (7)

the military field, universal consi f thening movement in China, the Meiji 一經濟與公共事務科(t) 徐有祿 cription was introduced. The Japanese, modernization was a great success. army was modelled on the German syst-l several factors were accountable for em while her navy followed the Britim the quick success of the movement.. pattern. The German general Lataff, Isystem by which the chief-of-ataff

was directly response.

| Emperor was also

to the.

Drastic social.changes also tack Iplace. The Court and the weathy clas fled a European-style life. They lived Jin. westernmatyle pouses furnished f with European furniture: Western- | gtyle haircuts and bo-rds as well as the Victorian style of dress: became extremely popular. Ballroom dances.

militarily, socially and economically were often held.

so that. she was able to gain equal foating with the western nations. Consequently, a

vigorous programme of westernization was launched throughout the Meiji Era.

The first task of the new leaders Iwas to create a strong central govere

ament to facilitate the work of re |construction. Luckily, the powerful.. | Satcho Hito "clans took the lead in):

the abolition of feudalism. By 1871, feudalism was officially

|Class. restrictions on somed

employment were removed and careers were opened to all.

Another political change worthy of note was the birth of western- style political parties and repre- | sentative. government. In response to the Charter Oath of 1868 which pro- mised the establishment of "deliber-

ative assemblies" and "public opinion

Rescript of 1875

and the I

which ordered:the election of loca

One more notable item of modern- ization was the revision and codifi- ication of criminal, civil and commer

cial laws along western lines, and the adoption of western legal pro- fcedure, Moreover, the Gregorian.

Calendar with a seven-day week was put into effect.

The education system was revised to follow the best features of for- keign systems. The Ministry of Educat- ion was founded in 1871. The whole Ination was divided into educational ( districts in Miich universities,

I middle schools, primary schools and -

technical colleges were to be erected and organised on western lines Great | emphasis was placed on science sub="

decre. In the 1880's, compulsory primary education was carried out..

assemblies, three important political ed, foreign financial. experts were parties liberal,

Rule emerged in the early 1880's. After long preparation, the Meiji Constitut ution was promulgated in 1889. By this constitution: a limited represen-

| Progressive and Co Const anal

「tative government of two Houses was

As far as economics was concerns

invited to visit Japan. The currency. system was modernized and banks were founded. Attention was then focused upon the development of industries such as mining, shipbuilding and

To begin with, the Japanese people had the national character- istics of learning new ideas from: other nations. Since the 6th century :Japan had been exposed to the influw ence of Chinese language and culture During: the Tokugawa period, at one time or another. she learned from: the Portuguese and the Dutch. Thus it is: understandable that she was

able to transplant western ideas. into Japan rapidly during the Meidi

a.

In fact, the foundation of modernization was laid in the pre-

·Meiji period: The last years of the Tokugawa Shogunate witnessed a reviv al of interest in western learning,. a growth of national consciousnessy a great expansion of commerce and industry and the rise of a powerful middle class. Nevertheless, the H success of the: movement owed .more: to the strong central leadership.. The

the leaders of the Rest- oration, were in favour of reforms. Furthermore, many officials in fapan got a place.in.the government just

because of their knowledge: of western ideas..

Lastly, the need of western- ization was pressing. With an ever- increasing population and a limited amount of arable land, the only 「destiny for japan(lay in industrial-

isation. Moreover, the defeat of China in the two Opium Wars taught the Japanese a lesson: westernization was essential to her survixal. The nagging fear of farther foreign intrusion drove the Javanese forward. with full speed.

From the above analysis, it is

not surprising that Japan was able:

textile. The government also took the to westernize herself rapidly. lead in the development of

communica-

Question

Describe the various ways. in which a person can save money in: Hong Kong. Answer

Another popular way of saving money in Hong Kong, as in other place

all over the world, is by taking out

a life insurance policy, wheih incidentally also provides protect- ion for the family of the insured, as the

benes of the insured, the..

will receive a sum of

| money equivalent to the Tade value

of the insurance policy from the ⠀ . Insurance Company, should the insur- ed die an untimely death. If, for example, a life insurance policy is taken out, and the insured pays (something like $120 a month to the Insurance Company over a period of say 20 years, the insured will? from the Insurance Condany

Money not spent is money saved.

and most effective way of saving money is by putting aside a small portion of one's earnings to allow. ut to accumulate month by month: until the saving is a substantial sum, He can. then use the money to finance a new business or simply: buy existing shares to become part owner of a corporation. Far too often, people, especially to young people, [do not think of cultivating the

habit of being thrifty. If the penny, is not taken care of, the pounds can

not take care of themselves..

It follows therefore that the first 1

:

One can learn、 to ‘save ones. ioney at an early age by opening: a savings account in a bank. As a matter of fact, one can open such an account with an initial deposit of as little as a dollar and sub- sequent deposits may be of any ... ka amount; except that the amount mist be around sun in dollars and not in dollars and fractions of a dollar The rate of interest paid to a save ings account customer is usually lov and varies from bank to bank A depositor is free to draw his money out whenever he wants to merely to Dresenting the pass. book to the bank teller at the savings account window To encourage children to save money at a tender age, many benks make |available to their savings 'account customers: small banke 'in the Lorin of beautifully-designed boxes to enable the children of their custom ers to drop coins and indeed bank- notes: into: The money in these mini banks can be used later to:open. savings accounts for the children,

g like $177,000 at the end lof the twenty-year period and the:

sum of $177,000 is a rather substant -ial amount in any language.

The Government by introducing what is known as a Tax Reserve. Certificate, is also encouraging Ipeople to save up their money. The

aim of these certificates is to enable the people, pacticularly the: people who have to pay' salary taxes y ito save up enough money to pay the Isalary tax at the end of each fiman- cial year. These certificates can be (bought in multiples of $50 at most

of the local banks or at the offices lof the Inland Revenue Department.

The fact that these certificates are redeemable at any time has made then very popular. It must be pointed out

y when these certificates that only est of 5% (used to use 4.2%) per an are used to pay taxes that an inter- num is payable to the holder. When these certificates are not used to Payerest in paid.

taxes, but are redeemed, no

Leaving mphey has been inse

O

A relatively new concept of.

to Hong Kong in recent years. Tas muthal funds, this new form of

saving money is similar to investing money in stocks or shares of "public: Companies. The main difference is that to invest in ordinary shares or stocks, one must have a large : sum of money, but by way of mutual funds, one can invest with a small amount One is to pay. a. monthly. ine taiment to the mutual Fund: Compa- ny for investment and the company

s to pool the monthly

222222nts of all the custom

to

Adults with large sums of money 「can use their money to open "fixedw deposit accounts in the banks. The rate of interest payable on these. "fixed" deposits again varies from- banic to bank, but it is much higher

【invest in various industries: than the rate payable on savings the company thinks are sound investy accounts. The reason for this. higheriments. If must be pointed out:: rate is that the banks put the money however, that one mist make sure entrusted to them by the "fixed".

Tone . before trusting it with one's

account customers

to

much greater.

use.

that the Mutual Fund is a reliable

fmoney.

·

海洋知識

佔我國漁撈總量一半的

黃花魚與青花魚

期五五二第

一、研究此役的意義 五一分節叙述本戰役,便了解。 有關古代海戰的對店,供後人欣賞與參考。現在 作品中,對此役的紀述甚爲翔實可靠;且有許多 -US)前者爲伍時之殿史家,投者爲人的 在希羅多德HERODCTUS及奥其拉新ASCHIL 年波希戰爭中强拉密斯SALAMIS之必阁表早,

陳拉密斯之役,先波希第三次戰爭中的海戰

的拉格比黃花大得多,在魚類學上與青花魚同科的有好幾種,共同的特徵 故或斑點,脊師分前後兩部,靠近背脊和發部地方還有很多角刻作爲實的境地。對西洋葱史具有决定性的價值, 溫 丸身體作長舫靈形,背部是阴违不同的青灰色,有些不同粗細布智淺的波

較大乾輕魚類差不多是一些列在宵花焦糖高的魚所製成的。主要的青花魚 花魚的魚肉硬厚、色又白又紅。油服很竖富的梳魚成形又香又样的各提 十分結實。它們都長距離洄游魚類,適宜生活在溫帶和熱帶的水中。 ,尾芻娀起一些肉樑,尾鰭分叉像灣線的新月,醌身片断薇又小,顯得

海此概况竊見一斑。 铷榮者所重視,並可從此役的總述中,對古代 確保有了希機的太明,且在其後入十年中逛其竊 對歐洲的威脅,使希臘牽握了地中海的,因 部分,由於希臘在此役中之勝利,始解除了波斯.

1、波希戰爭的起因及早期戰爭

三、古代戰艦及其 掌握證愛琴海的湖淋湿,十年之父發其第三 ;惟此役並未使液斯受到衆的損失,波斯依然

他約佔了三分之一强。 腌製,名曰黃花袜黑魚。

沿海每年約產三十萬噸以上 菜上所用的魚膠,內還可以作爲肥料。

學家研究的結果,謂石粒可以感受聲浪坳來代莅é 除了黃花魚之外,在我國沿海有大堂出正的當推「宵花魚」,這種魚,有重大的經濟意義。

六十公分左右者。在我國沿海一帶每年杓產二十萬噸以上。腾長在三十 【骨較大,骨數較少,錢大行數多的叫作「大赏魚」,最大的大黃魚有長多。

梁玖元 苦花魚又名石首魚,我國產中最多的一種,每年的漁避中, 有以下幾種: 黄花魚汎多半在春夏 之間,需用冰塊冷險,保持牠的滋味,是冰鮮中 調味,的確活別有風味的。 的叫做}水,稍差一些,小春以後捕麥的叫做三水,一些老弱的神。到五十公斤,也是暖水性魚類、在我國出產越多,它的滋味不節· 了中秋前後,丝珀水的壯年,遽那完鵡同來,隨力已經恢復,找到究 面食品中作大片魚塊的马好材料。它是裕率真的上中將魚類・對於水溫高 公分以下,脊椎骨較小,骨數較多,洒小行數少而密的叫小黄魚,在我國熱帶海洋中生活,要求較高的水。它的形態、南者之間,背部 足的食物,肉長得很豐滿,雖然露數不少,但極鮮美可口,故人棋牠,感覺很薄敏。夏季監游向北,游在上水事。不管水怎樣混濁·游花糖尼觀及希越之古幣和雅排中可以看到,

音,知魚萃將至,乃佈圩魚將相符,往往一網可以描獏幾午尾甚至好幾萬一盛分。它的皮上很像蒙上一層祥油 · 滋味很好,晉强價值高。 浸多的「項魚類。黃花魚在舟山離島一帶產飛動高,五月小滿窗前捕海的,C鮪(金面魚) 見青花魚女最大的一種,一般盟成起背部深青色、則爲飛船,館長、狹窄、速運快,把鶴戴活,事 大、小廚花魚都4很好的副食品,除供食用外,從她身上可以取雙工,往往要留徧久。它們要在跑盘以後,實在深黈過冬。它的產卵地點到说上,如此可得雙倍力,一般名爲BIREME 科爲頭水,多微是較大的魚,做海最好,芒楓洳後笩荅鋈熺端午節》掮伐,腹部灰白,夾雜玄黃斑與顯現些试色。淼基盪二公尺以上,平均花磨的爭 爱豐富,又可以加工醃製,製爲瓜米,淡術和白按等,廣東人則以之揷 「極副食品叫「節」的,就是採取它背上的肉,經過隱的、乾製成枋頞」而,有所瞑「圓船」ROUND SEIP及「長

踐骨委面夾管兩粒比黃豆盤大的谯白而堅硬的石粒,这些石粒,據魚類,大致從南向北游的,目的是找尋食料。它們洄游斯也是集成大系,在水攻。 在迫接不粱楚、脈知道春、夏,秋三年,它們都在近海一带游泳。

: 大、小窗花魚的滋味都很鮮美,魚肉柔嫩肥厚,針骨很少,含蛋白質,游近沿岸 捕獲也容易。該魚肉很好吃,可以製成上等魚乾。在日本有 船及其戰術麻有所瞭解。在早期的地中海海事方 的噻音幾乎幾十里以外都可以聽到。由於牠們洄遊聲音大,捕魚者聽到爆,所以需用鹽 哋來保致。它的肉質很好,富有蛋白質,脂肪+燐、鐵等一樣,由於海軍國風無融業沒而結束。第二該是在

·石首魚在魚類學中另立一科,黃花魚中,醯長在三十公分以上,脊椎肉米和用途和站也枏似,是深海的上分魚、在我國以山東半島海域出淹衰」部登躇時,即爲美泰雅第MILTIADES 所藻品 披變黃金色的外皮,做浠密密的細項,它的頭蓋骨生得像一些斜方形格子,耐水中發,五月至七月是它的產卵時期。八九月以後就逐漸游卿萊布去了··伸張勢力於研纇尼爾之外,於紫乃决定向希進 黑,體仍有非常顯著的、必還超過黃花魚;在六七月間產卵,集 黃花魚洄游的時候,能從於長發出院音來,大罩的黃花魚盡熱呼嘈雜. 捕亵它是比較容易的。這種魚的熱門有很多血液和水份,攜世不久就要網 强大體除沿地中海北軍龍難,担任運輸任 苦花魚何以又稱爲石首魚呢?它是脊椎妫物中之一橄硬骨魚類,全監,十多條波狀紋的魚類,體型報號花您稍大,也是硬業風臨的。為歡游泳形其對小亞細亞已被征服之希臘人的控制,且不 B鰍(蔓子焦) 亦爲一種游泳在架海上鮮的魚類,喜歡在亞熱帶和

我閃閃發亮,有一批光與魚陵作引導。它很喜燈光,在沿岸張剿點燈去 梁,都是我國北方沿海主要流產、照,所总我國南方:洋魚類,都县一役中所用的標準戰船是TRIRME 三 面 迷崴很快;冬季 游向南,讲在中肝米水裹,而較慢,而且她睚确,一此破艦各族備兩排乎,第二排位於第一排 形的硬木頭一般·用一種長方形的小飽盒出絲或骨,洒上榮殼上面,作LONG LHIP之分。前者是貨船,她們大多是寬 和磷的形態差不多的還有[酸,顏色灰灰黑 皎鶲更長大·結果波斯軍在馬拉於MARATHON 讓外尚未全

A鰯又稱油商魚,也叫鯰魚或貽胈魚,是一種背部胥綠色,帶媵三均深知如不在敞湖翠謢希臘‧非但不能糝丙保神 辯論不決的問題。 作「紙」,「三人共一獎」直是仍 其名脚所指是「三挄頂勐泐襲」?「抑是文獎 的般,常係推這種1怫快船而爾,在極拉密斯恩

1桅之上,但做於巡航或有風時使用之作戰時 拙逅,實改是靠人力推進,亦有幅,懸於一 8、空拍,用木材造成,主要靠風帆抱進;煤者

二年之後,以六百艘三排槳的戰船自海上進攻, 包括水陸兩路,陸軍由將馬都尼率,軍

反抗波斯人的壓追:波斯王大流士及其于菲西斯

·第一次波斯遠征希臘,是在西元前四九二年

'· 起初,雅典人會越愛尋梅助小組無亞希個人

二次大戰期間美國航

里斯康姆灣」號中雷記

等一下。」

小艇上,一言不發。 |個人湯橡皮艇游開杓 百碼。把經張開,坐在

∵「快點吧,发在上帝面上。」一個苦苦哀求

「你們還好吧?」史密斯問道。

在叙述第三次跋希術爭之前,我們對古代戰

寫作戰而設計,其質與長約隔一此爪,主要業嘆

“船首水枝以下部分,裝有突出物,尖端低以

金福名爲「檐角」。用以衝撞緻船,使之破碎沉

此近阿離主要之攻緊乎段,通用之除形

|摈除〔屑您別)而向激船,以便發押此机功能,

有一七五號日本潛艇。 裙」號改變演向,向東北東五十五度,正對?

, 其時敵攢在目標附近所投。 這艘潛艇很快下激,準憐行動,在水底航行很快 在漫漫的長夜裏有一種不易捉摸的氣氛离漫

浬處,一路微風藥狒,鳥液月。 -再也沒有閃光;“佛蘭克斯」號上值更兵所 沒有其他日機追蹤追信號,但堅信那光.

在「佛薩克斯」號艦上, 里斯 不知名的飛盤上...在艦除上空閃光,「里斯康姆|法吧,否則我們不能再走了。」 人所漵——感恩日本潛艇3——9坐一七五號, 無表情而說話時刦很安粹:F趕快走吧!」 光遠做區域,五批零五分「鬼怪」又在附近——可能向前再走一步,他叫籃長。「我們最好沤時

見到的閃光念日躞所受的信號彈落在海面的亮光[快徒,快到那過去。」比少校此時已走到籃

林克斯少將指揮下以十五節使向瓜島東南約二十 | 到一種可怕的循騶聲,不是一陣爆炸,炸得他 ,但未有使它張開,就在此

離地板很高很高。 幟長威特夏並沒有回答。

機救生態放置的地方,他推開了小艇。 特仡艦長已經朝火燄表走過去,而皮比部设

·飛斯姆母」號的效浬,慎崴兵見到海面上有閃光]他找不到出口,之後,火開始向他燒過來,他應道:「在下面大燙了。」 「當狀似的火燄快速地燒過來時,皮出已不 兩個人開始翺手脚離開艦長,发北記得乘 「我們完了!」威特夏上校說,他的面色彩

十一月11十四日拂曉前,三艘謖航母藍在莫 除長會看氣象和飛行甲板,回到房間,與然也 兵,他們仍然活糍。 他聽到 特迓籃長在大聲吟道:「能走的

·下一步皮比少校知道該在黑暗帶出去,但 日本少校田酒真現在獲得變航母镞在他的襯,根撾子下海了,他所準備的橡皮救生艇放在為本,而強盛一時,故地中海海灘之發生由來已久,但一攻擊力法其優點;缺乏彿航力,防禦力脆弱是其

後報告値览官觀更官就將此消息傳到副長。化到 守過黑暗和火燒,可到飛行甲板,但那 「一秒............」史密斯推開大汽笛,但太 好調抓不能升效,則由船上水手撰長矛和利劍越 皮比職顧四週,但女有見到藏圾r他知到威、船隻在尼羅河-地中海沿岸航行; 其後克里特奖婴北瑞之弱點。

興芝譯 「那可能是【锺閃光」他說:「最好檄告其處已火燄漫天,他发到水上的深油佛近船上正在」潤,未能抓住,最後,經過幾次努力,才把汽笛一船與敵人俄行肉搏,雖然在薩拉密斯戰役時之樂 憑之下,思已有建一西洋史上有記載之海戰,則當以西元前四八〇一缺點。(未) | CRETE 人和腓尼基人亦先後因能造船,技航海

「我帮助你們出來,」史密斯上尉說:「稍一的匯史-

滿了除遇斕的视悴故事。 | 行控儷台被大汽笛對生,並已下陷,壓住兩個水,每夜將雅地拖上岸上代替油,水手則於定上

·盆在西元前三千年,埃及人卽製透簡單的ORMIO所。係隨其外E唉呦,然後集中力量

,他到坐上去找,他發現監黼已搖搖欲,飛 巡航速度:在案急情况下可增至十二——十五浬 |OPONNESTAN WAR計爲雅典大似密歐 PH

另外找謼艦長行蹤的固有郚倫•史密斯上尉 爲娘我,此攝婚髙業多的船,可維持心至九運的 謝慧古代戰船的特性-速度快,易操縱,

的戰術。另有一種所謂月除形:爲一個圓的防 希臘時代中央與戒及兩任酒的提離漴常用 【快龍戰方式一樣去肉搏,這種假定是不正確的 ,絃然,她們通常在进机方式下楼中骏鬥,但在

從事炊事與願悅,因此船投多沿岸而行,故早期

水四至六呎。配備船長二百人,其中一百七十 芑般三步恻船有一五〇四,十八沢究,吃

爲內,他舉起右手。 亞版上的火舌四射,火光燭天 破嗪子在叫:「天嚓!魚來來了!」 「魚號立港就到,帶形怒吼的鳖音而來,飛行 ,五鮨十三分:『里斯康姆碼」號上值更的拉

交都没有必要,似陲未醒地地到倏現間去集合 士宮長勞萊,阿黎,想去证艅叫士兵作工,

最後一個人,他的戤音被爆作类打断了, ...「我近不知道他們在纵什麼。」他自言自語 「巴克萊,多爾,杶來,心好叫到 :「不要睡了,」他一個一個地叫起他們的名字

修理班的人望著士官長。 i锟廚逸滅了,艦上的通訊米統也中斷了。

海水上升向兩極米動。

:阿黎士官長的衣服,桂干還沒有守好就走了,僅有强弱及萃節之變化而稍區耳;因此,它流過某地時能够把海岸附近之 機蕸理,故在極地激冷之水下降流向赤道,而接近赤道海面底下的温暖, 在有低之差別,因而發生了對流,一如太氣溫度相與時所起之大氣對流一 : 爲要說明流發生的原因,把雙項要因素,分别列畢 美洲的岸邊發現,這種現象是黑朝與西風濃施之作用所致。 一心對流:梅澤之水温因地域上之分佈而有不同,由於海水盘度有 任何導流物繈海流棗到別的地方去。例如中國沿海的破木船碎片也可能在

鹰從遙遠的地方漂來呢?答之日-痣體店海流標购而帶來的;因爲流乃 ,如玻璃瓶,空砹袖,碎木成,椰子等等,這些篇數不少的東西究竟爲什 海水運動之一種現象,它能循一定方向進行,其才向在一年中概煜一定,

·吾人假如有閒暇到海艦散步,時常可以發現從肌肉地方漂來許多東西 費詩良•

海流是怎樣發生的

又有人在叫:「現在我知道了。」 档理間一團火,表面的人緊張得團團轉。 ∵「我們該做什麽啦,士長官?」一個人問道 `阿黎叫適־」唯一的辦法是跑出去拿水

「還好,」他們似答說。

淮兩鍋受低的水兵從概于滑下海去。 「你們都梨好救生帶了,好,到那邊去。」 (KR)

西洋歷史中最早的海

哦我們從火中獨出去拿水來救火。」)顯分瘵區,由於海洋有含豐分之纸異而產生比喻之大小,以致

才到上飛行甲板。

士官長說。 按說服,阿游近他們跳到在姦,他離開了已宣

傘这班人盈梯子急行,穿過破裂的地方,他們 姓,他們的出口處都被飛機床的火所封,阿黎領 「我們到那逝去,一阿黎叫溶,迢班人不需 他們找到冰龍頭,但已太遲了,没有用了。

他們到忸梯的底燈——斑梯已因爆炸而失 「如果我們逹留在這裏,我們就完蛋了。」 「已經燒到我們的屁股啦!」不知道誰在低

-當五點五分的時镔M Ui皮比少校,支

∵∵,

之風向緻與海菰二者互相對照而比較之,則可以發現二者符合之點F而 而產生波浪,風吹波浪而使之搖動,因而使到海水流動。如果我們將世界 :四)受一定方向吹送之風力箧起:風吹海面時,因大製典水之好推

,爲北半球以六月爲最高,南半季則以一月爲最高。''' 流向較低處而發生海流。據美緻海洋學者伊文思氏調查海洋水平之要化 ,於是發生海流。赤道附近之海水受熱較多,故表面水平較高,因而較高 (三)水平差異,赤頂附近水平發高,兩極附近較低,因有水平低

對流。 ,因此在波眾的海與黑海出口有向外流测之「衷面流」,而在下滑則有反 ,在海底下比重較大之水,即向比重较小的水流動;在海面則全現反對現 發生海流,海洋之海水隔分决非『致,在鹽分濃厚時泡水密度逹J10 象。例如波羅的海興黑海的水與分之北海及愛翠海的海水所含鹽分小 1九,稀薄時海水密度會降至一二五,該數以下,因其密度之差具,

中古的帆船业用的低身船,當 有人以据此地铁船的作 冰豹站在船難和船尾的十四個頂裝武士去打。 力)。但常接近時,整個戰爭主要的锻是英 宇(按古時葉爭多爲奴隸以鏈雖之根本不成爲武

薩拉密斯之役 尹兆元 阿穆尼(船首向外,在伯维芬尼都安戰爭中,

曬和醋上之氣温故也。

·受與流的盘度影响而轉移,此浮游空氣不絕與陸地上之空氣交流,故能 以能够調和舂上的氣悷呢?由於海菰所流經區域內,海面以上的捏游空 近登帶,而夏天氣候凉快者,無非受加里福尼亞海流之影响。然則海流何 其位置雖然接近寒帶而氣候未必肚塞,以及美國加里福尼瓿沿岸之位置體 大陸河候有極大關係,例如英屬哥偷比亞沿岸,因受黑潮末洗之洗刷,故 是屬於發流,來自日本千鳥飛出之親開刀地屬於寒流。無論婚與寒流與 寒涕。與其反對方面進行之海流程 爲股4 因發源地不同,其種類亦有差兵,如從兩極向赤遠附近的柢料爲 因海洋時常具馆上述所畢之楚個件,因此而發出了海獠:因而海萊 引起,由此可知 大洋之海流乃依大氣流動而循珓一定方向進行的。 貿易风所引起,至於在其中湖赤道無風帶之反赤狼流,財爲赤道流反動所 定方向斯火之风中,以貿易風長顯著。例如,主的赤道附流,乃是 ,例如流過台灣東岸的欧制那

A