1973-01-13 — Page 21

REFERENCE, CIERARY

13 JAN1973

CITY

育教儒 頁一第張六第二日十初月二十年于3

日橋

六期星

日三十月一年三七九一番公年二十六国民動中

1973英文中學會考試題預習專欄

堅道英呅們院主編,

歷史科

(十二)

Histery (12)

Attempt (or draw in table form) a 102099 comparison of the Self-

strengthening Movement, the Hund- red Days Reform and the Meiji Re- forms. For revision purposes.

Code=

A = Self-strengthening movemen B = Hundred Days Reform

Meiji Restoration & Reform Date: ALL 3 reforms took place at roughly the same time

-1860's - 1895.

B-1898

C-since 1860's

2) Aims.

a) All 3 directly stressed self

strengthening:

b)

for self-defence to STOP further foreign infiltratio for self-strengthening through more fundamenta

means.

C for self-strengthening

through fundamental means including even basic politi- cal & social reforms.

11 3 were for centralization of power (increased power of the Central Govt) & used the King as the figure-head-S

A King as absolute ruler, in-

creased central control over education, military force & economy (govt supervision & merchant operation system. same

King as figure-head checked by a constitutional arlia- ment, increased central con- trol-over education, land, military force & industry All 3 were inspired by west-

em Learning

A❤ admiration of efficiency of

Ever-victorious Army.

B- Kang's HK visit & western

books, overseas Chinese students ideas,

Dutch leaming & contac with the west in Trade afte the Perry visits,

a) principles.

Chinese moral as basis, west -ern learning for practical use.

reform is legitimate & sup- ported by confucian ideas. for overall basic reforms in all spheres to meet the so- cial change

External threat/encouragement

defeat in Opium War, Arrow War, Crisis in Taiping? Rebellion, loss of prestige same + further humiliation in leases of land to Russia & Germany

loss of prestige in the Perry visits 1853, 54; & Choshu Expeditions 1864, 65; decline of feudalism; need for industrialization, modernization, & change in the old simple social struct Lure.

Leaders supporters:

A- Tseng Kuo-fan, Li Hung-Chan

Tso Tsung-tang”

8- Kang Yu-wei, Liang Chi-chao.

Tan ssu-tung:

tozana daimyo, samurai me chants.

5) Reforme All 3 included refore in education (practical syllable, western science & language), Miti- tary reforms (reorganisation of Army & Navy), & Economic Reforms (modern industry & communication) In addition:

0- A new constitution 1889 with a Diet formed, Legal Reforms 6) Reasons for success/ failurs

Willingness to change:

A- the reform leaders were will ing to reform only in the military field & modern technology,

the conservative uninese con -sidered all fundamental changes as "troubles", Tzu Hsi & other conservative officials opposed the reform because the reformers tried to abolish corruption, favou -itism & sinecures to their disadvantage.

the Shogun's restrictive economic policy had made Japan weak. The people wanted change.

夏草橋

b) leadership:

A- the leaders were half-hatred

because they only wanted to

learn western technology for

practical use. They refused

Western principles.

Kuang Hsu (the King) was only

a figure-head. The real powel

was in Empress Dowager who

actually opposed the reforms.

Because of traditional (1).

hierarchy of social structure

(2) moral teaching, the

Japanese whole-heartedly

obeyed the King Meiji,

e) Adaptability:"/

A- There were fewer problems or

suiting the new changes

since the reforms were, only small-scale, fragmentary efforts.

The reform (200 edicts with- in 3 months) was too rapid

a change for the conservat- ive Chinese.

Because of slow communicat- ion, some provincial Govt. actually could not start the reform measures effic- 1ently before the Movement was overthrown.

The Japanese were psycholo- gical prepared for change

because:

(1) of the gradual change in social & economic structure over the century.

(2) the decline of feudalism & the economic problems since the isolation policy caused need for industrial- zation & modernization. (3) the Ferry visits & open- ing to trade indirectly

hastened the collapse of the Tokugawa.

(a) Overall planning:

A the Movement laeked long-

term planning. The reforms were superficial, fragment- ary efforts for strengthen- ing since the reformers re- fused to change fundamental- ly in all spheres------ political, economical & social. Thus with the defeat by Japan, all efforts were at once stopped...

some more fundamental aspect were dealt with but again

lacked overall planning esp in timing.

The Japanese realized the need for fundamental refor in all spheres. (e.g..com stitutional parliament: Legal reforms.

Support:

General support half-hearted suppo people.

of the

the main supporters were a few progressive scholar- officials. The general popu

ation was not involved. The scholars did not support it because the reformers abolished the civil service exam. based on the classics. C- Meiji had the support of the

discontent general populat- ion who opposed the Tokugawa policy.

Support or powerrül class: the reformers did not have the support of powerful conservative. Chinese officer In particular, Tzu Hsi oppos. -ed to the Movement.. the powerful, rich merchants (o.g. in Osake)supported the Meiji Restoration & reforms. Support of the military clas the reform leaders (eg, li) were actually military lead- ers but they were half-heart -ed

Yuan Shi-Kai withdrew supa port & betrayed the reformer by joining the opposition party.

Cthe powerful samurai suppo

-ed the king since the Choshu Wars

Co-operation:

there was rivalry among the leaders.

the reformers falled to co-

operate with other progres- sive parties, (e.g. Republi-

cans

the Shogun & Daimyo were,

1978

中文中會考試題預習專欄 物理科(十二) 宋泰初

測験解

甲部

+題全塔(共(39)

(一年祭式句)當外力作用運動神物休市

外力方向與運動体原有方向為

2相同時,則運動休之速率將逐漸增加

狗不改变

(6)相反時,則運動速率將逐漸低,

方向不改变

(C)垂直時,則運動你速率將不改变,狗要。 (d) 斜京時則運動球速率將改变,狗改变 (共80分)——1972年中文中學會考試題

(二)如圖(1)所示兩物体A與B各重120克,分别 聲扲一絲绳兩端而跨在斜面顶端滑輪上

斜面王科角為30元如果 2460 YR YOUKA 19 2 摩擦係數為長,而

繩與滑輪間無摩 擦阻力,则A被

挂上味:

W=120g wh

(A)A三重量沿斜面之力為

(b) A 作用钟面塊壓力為103.92克。 (A)A受到摩擦力酱”

d).A滑動中3加速度鴦:61.25厘米/年

(重力から速度=980厘来/秒)

(a) A 2 £W> #Q+=+= P=Wind

=1209.txt=602 - 120g, ut & pin (b) A3蛋W作用於钟面之總壓: "N=W€oof=120 g, wote.com.

=103.929atry

• A 64 *** F=MN F= $x 120%, ut, aft (A)A 滑動中加速度:

M-MO- HOOD :

109-609-414

((335) 1, ZXD; W=40016, E=1tib,

(2其理論機械利益為

(b)其密機械利益

(2) 共摩擦

0:0625

(d) * ET154%, & WEA

$$=(a)(U) I BEASTCERO

livided an opinion, (e.gr some for isolation policy, anti-foreigniam, some anti- Bakugu). This indirectly helped the success of the. Meiji Restoration & later ref

Lack of Capital.

the Govt had to rely rirst: on the local Govt & later on merchants. & therefore con- trol was more indirect. B- indirect control.S C- also problem of money out it was compensated for hừ thi new land tax.

Influences:

A- failure of the Movement led

to the defeat in the Sino- Japanese War, the Hundred Days Reform, the Manchu Re form Program, & the Republi- can Movement.

failure of the rerum Con vinced people that the last choice was to join the Re- publicans & overthrow the Manchus..

&

The Reform gave insign guideline to the later Man- chu Reform Program. B-The Reformers (Kang Yu-wai)

made a second attemp in 1916

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(2) SP, THIX P3 £ 4 ) 2 C B F# DIR

即B上サス布BE下降ス人

3) ETH WRK# aftraft=416

# VR=. St#& MA=V.R

32t365 M. A

(b) #k: M.A, =

you to

* M. A. = 174 lb

(2)(1)様上式ビュー MA.Th

-(仿表理論的 若摩擦力略去不計;因尺下降名上升故其重 蛋互相抵消

=loul's

(2)楼力二摩擦力+重力

摩擦力=突際的施力一理論的旋力

| 14=12±10-160b=at·lb

(3) the U- W

(d) th= M.A.=V.R.

)()(二)在月球之擺長應比地球為

(i).(2)若週期丁為一定味,则擺長與當地

的重力加速度成正

[AP] Xe to $1 = 8=950 700, A3+8=150% O to lock veettil the l'h

在月球上工擺長即是一

150m

(2) # T=292 8/4918:15€£24 T=224

ll = 16,75 cm - 2–196,7

=8/im

1,240; Mb A=3kg wt, B=4 Kg its caligi D= 6 Kg. Wt. ; **USM. HRAB.

tano

ARBS

3Kg, whi~4 Kght. =-1KB CAD350:

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(1) C# * = 40€) (35) (D) XJ % $ 47.

下期续

Its failure helped Tuan Chi- jui to rise in power & China to join World War I. The failure helped Yumu vill- kad to rise to military power. He caused politica. instability in later.Chinese history.

The escape or reroImers as helped by foreigners increas -ed anti-foreignism. This indirectly led to the Boxer Movement 1900 & further de- feat a indemnity. Japan was strengthendu politically, economically militarily.

this indirectly encouraged aggressive policy. She de- feated China in the Sino- Japanese War 1895 & economi cally exploited 5. 21 Manchuria.

Japan replaced Unina & was considered the first great Asian power, (Anglo-Japanes Alliance 1902).

Japan defeated Russia Tyub, Japan joined W.W.I & helped to defeat Germany.

C- These caused USA to oneck

Japanese naval power in the Pacific.