1972-11-05 — Page 11

育教僑華頁三第張三第日十三月九年子壬属夏

1973英文中學會考試題預習專欄

44 79 ME 04

經濟及公共事務科(二)

Economic & Public Affairs

(2).

Question: (2) What do you under

stand by ETV? Explain how it worka and discuss its benefits.

Answer:

ETV is the abbreviation of educational television, by which Is meant the system of bringing education to a person via the television through such programmes. as documentaries, news, features, and semi-fictional series that enrich the mind, as are prevalent In most advanced countries in the world today. Here in Hong Kong,

TV is however restricted to the meaning of using the local tele rision stations (the Television Broadcasts Ltd, and the Rediffus- ion Television (HK) Ltd:) to screen lessons which are essential -ly based on the syllabuses and examination requirements as set. but by the Education Department.

A sum of $3.7 million has been spent by the Government on the construction of two television studios in Lung Cheung Road in the vacinity where the studios of TVB: and RTV are presently situated.

Another $3.1 million will be spent on installing receivers in Government and Government-aided schools. Private schools however will have to install their own television sets.

The idea behind this proposed expenditure of $7.4 million by the Government is to enable the Educat -100 Department to provide ETV by September 1971 when the new acade- pic year starts. ETV will cost. tax-payers an annual sum of $1.6 million for its maintenance.

A new educational television um has been established and is: affiliated to the Education Depart -ment. It functions under the direct control of the Director or Education. This unit is staffed by senior education specialists. who have (or will be trained to have) broadcasting and television producation and presentation

techniques.

ETV produces ten regsons per week, cove mng four main subjects -English, Chinese, Science and Civics at primary level. A small secondary television unit exists Lo produce particularly lessons on Civics which take the form of documentary films on important aspects of Government activities and the work and functions of Government departments.⠀⠀⠀

Detailed notes and explanat- Lons, on the lessons are put out on. sale, so that viewers can follow each lesson with ease and with greater understanding.

Over 80,000 pupils in pri mary schools that are run or aided Uy the Goverment have been bene- fited by ETV, but it is expected that private schools will gradual- 1y their own sets thus widening the initial BTV audience, and many more regular television viewers who are no longer students will also be greatly benefited.

The new Education Television Unit videotapes, their, lessons well in advance and supply them free to both TVB and RTV. Both local stat-

ons have to allot regular time for these programmes to be tran- smitted. Primary lessons are repeated twice on the same day as nost primary schools are bi- sectional.

ETV will help to raise the standard of education in Hong Kong. It is reliably believed that out of about 33,000 teachers in Hong Kong slightly under 50 per cent (15,000) are unqualified professionally, that is, they have not been traïned in teachers' training colleges or have not received university education, UI if they have, their degrees are not locally recognized. And of the 18,000-odd teachers with recogniz ed qualifications, very few are

specialist teachers.

ETV programmes will provide Ja means by which members of the

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REFERENCE LIBRARY

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- 5 NOV 1972

CITY

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teaching profession will have a chance to watch how model lessons on English, Chinese, Science and Civics are conducted by specialis▷ instructors.

Students on the other hand

will have a chance to learn with more up-to-date visual aids, and in the Civics lessons, they will be able to learn Government activities and the work of Gover- ment departments at first hand, with the degree of inaccuracy reduced to the minimum.

Exercise No.2

Question: (1) Explain the factors governing the choice of a career.

Answert

It is wrong to assume that if a certain friend of ours is successful in a particlar career. we may be successful in that career too, for is it right to thank that if one is happy with a certain career, we may be happy too with that career.

Even following one's father's profession is wrong. There are however, no hard and fast rules telling us how we may choose our careers without feeling sorry later. Nevertheless, it is generally agreed that the right choice of career depends on one's aptitudes and interests.

Thus a school-leaver should analyse his or her aptitudes first Supposing one is interested in meeting and helping people, and one has a pleasant personality. and is sociable, then the work of a social worker or that of a teacher is perhaps suitable for him or her.

On the other hand, if one Loves to study, then taking up medicine or law may be right for Buch a person.

Those who are good at calculations and figures may find accountancy suitable. In deciding one's career, character and health must also be considered along with

one's likes and dislikes.

The next step is to find out more about the career that interest

one. The books in the libraries should be browsed over. One should discover as much as possible about the prospects and work of that career. People who are already in that career should be consulted, and should be persuaded to explair their work and their rewards.

Perhaps, if one can fand an oppurtunity to work in that caree say during the summer vacation, one can have first-hand informat-

on about

whether the career. Knowing

career does in fact appeal to one is of utmost importance, for too often one discovers that a particular career is in actual fact, not appealing to him only after he has taken it up

has taken ______Does one's family background nave to be considered when choos- ing a career? The answer is defin- itely yes. Most careers are rather expensive and unless there are free scholarships offered, children from poor families may not be able to afford the expens ive university fees and text-books.

In most families, if the fauner is a lawyer it is most likely that one of his children will take up law. To be a lawyer. one may have to spend initially $60,000 in order to be articled to a practising solicitor. But if one's father is a partner of a law firm, the question of money is never a problem, Besides, to be. a lawyer one needs a law library, and this itself is worth a sma 11 fortune, Thus, if one's father is already a lawyer one can certainly make use of his library; besides when he retires in all probability, the library will go to his son or daughter who has decided to take up law.

ha

Question; (2) Explain now the law courts function in Hong Kong

Answer:

The law courts exist to. administer justice, to enable those who have been wronged to Beek redress, and those who have. committed wrongs to be punished. In order to function effectively and with minimum dela the law

courts in a country have to be

given different responsibilities

and defferent kinds of work

depending on the nature of the

cases brought before them. These

cases may arise from Civil Law or from Criminal Law, and again

may be serious or slight as forev

instance in civil cases:

日五月一十年二七九一屣公年一十六國民華中

the amount of money involved or claimed usually varies, and in criminal cases the offences may be summary or indicatable. There are also cases known as appellate cases which are appeals from lower courts brought to the higher courts.

In Hong Kong, our law courts. re therefore classified in such i fashion so as to fulfill the

basic requirements of an efficient judicial system in which justise

should not only be done. but stil

more important it should appear

Patterned plainly to be done.

more or less along the lines of the British system of administer-

ing justice, our law courts have upheld the belief that the Law

should be the protector of every one against unscrupulous practices that are prevalent in a modem commercial society.

Petty offences such as

spitting or minor disputes between neighbours or jay walking are quickly dispensed with by justics. of the Peace (Both official and unofficial) who among themselves establish the Justices of the Peace Court. Normally one of the Justices of the Peace is a. solicitor who can therefore advise on points of law whenever they arise while the court 18 in session. Such a court, however, is not a court of record and as to be expected has very limited jurisdic -tion in both civil and criminal cases. Justices of the Peace Court exist to relieve some of the work of the Magistrate's Court.

Magistrates are appointed by the Governor by Warrant. They may be "special" or "permanent" depend -ing on their judicial authority to try cases and their power to impose punishment. A special magistrate can fine the accused up to the maximum of $1,000 or six months' imprisonment for one offence, whereas a permanent. magistrate can fine the accused up to the maximum of $2,000 Or

two years imprisonment for any one offence. A permanent magist- rate has more power to hear cases than a special magistrate, but even so he cannot try the more serious type of cases where the punishment is death or life imprisonment such as felony, treason, or libel. A magistrave, however, may impose a fine or an imprisoment in excess of his original power if a certain ordinance says that he may do so.

st court of record. As the lowest the Magistrate's court is the"! first court to try most cases, uv determine whether the accused has a case to answer or not, If he has and the magistrate, acting as a trial judge, decides that the offence carries a more serious punishment and the case is there- fore outside his jurisdiction, the magistrate will then have the case transferred to the District: Court. Very seldom is an accused tried by a magistrate with a jury unless a certain ordinance says.

so with regard to certain offencesi

The types of cases that come before a magistrate are those than concern summary offences such as traffic offences, disputes between landlords and tenants (in which case the court is known as the Tenancy Tribunal), and offences breated by the Merchant Shipping Ordinance, 1953 (in which case the court is known as the Marine Jourt). If the accused is below 16 years old, the law allows him to be tried under special circum- stances in which members of the public are not allowed to attend. and the trial is never reported în the press. When such a case

occurs, the court 18 styled as a Juvenile Court. Any party that loses in a Magistrate's Court or is dissatisfied with the magist- rate's decision can appeal to the Supreme Court.

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the

District Court, which is both a civil and criminal court, and is presided by a district court judge who is given similar powers and authority as those of an permanent magistrate în addition to those powers given him by the District Court Ordinance. The Governor has the right to appoinų a District Court judge whenever a vacancy arises. As a civil court it tries cases where claime are up to $10,000. One special feature of a District Court is that it is the only court in Hong Kong that can hear cases arising. from the Workmen's Compensation. (Amendment Ordinance, 1964. As a criminal court, it can try indictable offences, but they must first be heard at a Magistrate's Court. Any party who wishes to appeal against the decision of District Court judge may bring his or her case to the Full Court of the Supreme Court.

The Supreme Court normally, tries a case in the presence of a jury of seven members who are carefully selected from the let of jurors who are members of the public who fall within the qualifications specified by law, It is both a civil and criminal court. As a civil court, it hears cases where claims are above $10,000 As a criminal court, tries indictable offences just like the District Court, except that it does not have to wait for the magistrate to hear the cases first, that is to say a criminal case can come direct to the. Supreme Court in the first

instance. All cıvıl cases concerning divorce, probate admiralty, band ruptcy, appointment of trustees, guardians of orphaned children and company matters are heard in the Supreme Court. This court is presided by Supreme Court judges whose appointment is according to the Royal Instruction

8.

Supreme Court judge has the Jurisdiction to hear appeals from the Magistrate's Court, When two or more Supreme Court judges sit to hear appeals they form the Full Court of the Supreme Court, which is the highest court of appeal in Hong Kong The Full Court hears appeals from the District Court or any case referred to it by a Supreme Court judge. Further appeals from the Full Court may be directed to the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council in England, which is the highest appellate court for all cases tried in Hong Kong

Exercise No.3

(1) What is meant by elastic demand? Describe the factors that affect changes in demand.

(2) What do you understand by inter-related demand? Into how many kinfa can inter-related demand fall? Give examples,