育教僬華頁三第張七第日二月十年辛歷夏 WAH KIU YAT PO
報日橋單
CITY HALL
五期星日九十月一十年一七九一展公年十六國民中
育教僑華
1972英文中學會考試題預習專欄。
堅道英文書院主編
歷史科
History
The Nanking Treaty of 1842 was the first of the series of unequal treaties" To what extent was this statement justified?
N.B.
This question 18 comparatively not as straight forward as the first one,
18 simply "an account of"
Q.II
will require a more critical approach, You need to define the statement first and then go on to supporting your
gument
Introductione viewing the Nanking Treaty of 1842.
which terminated the First Anglo- Chinese War, we will agree that the atatement was justified since China did most of the giving of privileges.
How thequSI" WAS 1+?
China's losss.
(1) Opening of ports, termination of Co-hong
(ii) Huge indemnity
(iii) oession of land
(iv)
(v)
By the supplementary Treaty of the Bogue 1643
tariff autonomy-
extraterritoriality
penetration of other countries"
nation clause.
Result of the Wars
(a) Britain
she got her grievance adjusted.
Trade was expanded and restrictions removed.
China Opium was the main question for China
to go to the War. However, it was not dealt with in the settlement,
AGAR
The Ching Court was determined not to ratify the treaty terms negotiated at Tientsin in 1858 becaus she did not want to concede to one of the followin in particuları
Permanent Hestern legations at Paking. Extraterritionality
Part Two
Give an account for the outbreak of the Second Anglo-Chinese War (1856-60) and its results.
NABA Students will know that the question is
very simple and factual one demanding the causes and results of the War. However, in order to avoid confusion of pointa students should take note to relate them in a systematic way 1.0. caubes from the underlying ones to the Immediate ones and results from direct to indirecta.
C.
Most favoured nation clause
D.
Opening of treaty porta
Payment of indemnities.
Which or the following were War in 1859?.
of the renewal of
Ans. I Introductions.
Coming for treaty ratificatione, repulsed by the Taku Forta.
the A1110в were
sunk with
11 Four British gunboats were acciden
many casualties..
III
Lord Elgin's envoy was kidnapped.
IV. Stronger Allied forcea chime as reinforcement
an 1860,
The Allied forces were defeated by the inperial forces under Prince Benzgerinchin.
A. I and V only.
I and II only
All except III and V
All except. II and V.
All of the above
The Foking Convention was aigned by "Elgin, Gros and
D.
Emperor Haien - feng
Yah Ming-Chen
Emperor Kuang inu
Prince Kung
B. Li Hung Chang.
Russia, taken chance of the War, also secured concession for the cession of
Manchuria
Korea
Vladivostok
Ussuri
the Maritime Provin
(7) The Lorena Arrow was
(8)
I
a vessel with Western hull and Chinese rig.
II.
IV.
a vessel used between Britain-and China.
Chinese-owned vessel
registered at Hongkong.
vessel for smuggling. Opiu
III and IV only
·II; end IV only
I, III and 7 only None of the above
411 of the abova
Whion of the following are incorrect remarks about the significance of the Second Anglo-Chinese War?
China's weakness was completely revealed. The Manchu court began to realize the importanco- of reform 5
we can see that the terms were mostly dictated
No doubt, some even on China by Britain. described it as "semi- colonial.
IIA
III.
IV.
The First of the series?
Britain's desire was not, easily satisfied.. - Sze looked forward to securing more from China.
Treaty of Tientsin (1858) and Peking (1860).
Chefoo Convention (1876) Boxer protocol (1901):
Others i
All these were characterized by special features
(i) treaty porta,
(iii) most favoured nation clause
(iv). fired tariff.
(11) extraterritoriality
Conclusion's
Section
The statement was justified to call
the Nanking Treaty as the first of the series of Junequal treaties."--
Faltbauk, F. C. Meischaner and A. M. Craig "East Asiar The modern Transformation!! Paul H. Clyde "The Far East!! Bain The Far East,"
(3)
China was territorially exploited by the Westi the treaty settlement had the general effect of. opening the whole Chinese, expire to Western Contact.
relationship batweon China and the West was improved.
and II
only
I and IV only
I, III and IV None of the above,
only
All of the above
By the Treaty settlement of 1858-60, China concede to the following, except
P. Legalization of Opium trade.
Abolition of Co-hong.
R. Opening of Tientsin as a treaty port in addition
to. many others.
Foreign legation at Peking. Legalization of coolie traffic.
(10) Arrange the following in its correct chronological
orderi
Execution of Abbie Chapdelaine
II. Flee of Emperor to Jehol.
Destruction of Yuan Mang Yuan by the Allied Forces.
The Lorcha Arrow incidents "Renewal of· Ware
The first Treaty settlement between China and Britain did not terminate Anglo-Chinese. conflicts. It only provided ground for further disputes whion gradually led to the occurence of a second war in which France also took. part.
Cauges for the outbreak. of War 1
18 Phase of War (1856-58).
Underlyingr-
Both China and Britain were fied after the Nanking Treaty i former felt that she had given away too much and the latter thought that
she had not got enough.⠀ China' failure to fulfill the treaty obliga- tions e.g, refusal of entry into Canton, aporadic attacks on foreign mar chante convinoad the British of tho
need for safeguarding their gains, by war if necessary.
In 1854, Britain, France and the United States attempted revision of the treaties. The Emperor
rejected their demands sien Feng
include
residence of consuis in Peking. This failure made the British more convinced- of the necessity of another war.
The violence of 000118" trade,i:1. labour recruitment of Chinese to go abroad, roused resentment of the Chinese.
rade.
(iv) The abuses of opium tra
Chinese.
Immediatel
also provoked
The Lorcha Arrow Incident Oct. 1856. The stubborness of Yeh Ming-Chan and hing- handed reaction of Bowing and Parkes induced the declaration of War.
Reason's for French entry into the War
Execution of Capdeleind
Yeh Ming-Chen's refusal of compiugation Desire of Napoleon III for glory abroad France was an ally to Britain in the Crimean War.
Renewal of War (1858-60)
China e determination not to ratify treat For 1858.
Taky Forts, dar was renewed,
Roaultsi.
irect: (1) Treaty of Tientsin (1858) (11) Feking Convention (1860)
Indirects:
(111)
Concessions granted.
Erst Joža
-Chinese Nar
Chapter Two: The Second" Angi
Part One
All the following were causes for the outbreak of the Second Angle-Chinese War except
China's refusal or treaty revisions in 1854
the desire of western nations in pressing for more concessions from China on Western Teral. the Lorcha Arrow Incident.
the death of Chapdelaine.
the stoppage of trade by Yen ming-chan
When the war broke out, the Britian consul at Canton'
was
Lord Palmerston
Thomas Taylor Meadow.
C. Robert Hart
Earry Parkes
B. Challes Elliot.
VII, III
IV. Σ
III,
III II
HIIN
VII
France joined the Second Anglo-Chinese War on the side of Britain because t
Her missionary, Chapdelaine, was executed Yeh Ming-chen refused to meet the demand of
the French consul for compensation, Napoleon III had been an ally of Britain.
in the Crimean War.
Both P, and R.
All of the above
(12) The firat British Embassy in Peking was headed by
Lora Elgin
Frederick Bruce'
Anson Burlingame": General Balluseck Ber themy
Growth of "Xenophobia" against foreigners, However, there was change in China's- attitude to foreigners illustrated by
the establishment of Taungli Yamen the response to western impact through
"China was practically open to Western influence. (iv) Increase in trade between China and the
West.
Conclusion i
used
pretext by which Britain and Francfica
for waging the War on China was really ant incidents. It was the desire for securing more concessions from China on Wastern terms that brought about the War, Ultimately, to War did satiate their desire but left China almost. completely open to foreign commerical exploitat- ion and missionary infiltration.
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