1971-05-29 — Page 15

育教係華 第三張四第二日六初月五年曆夏WAH KIU YAT PO

1971 英文中學會考試題預習專欄

新光出版社主編 SUNLIGHT PRESS

地理科

GEOGRAPHY

PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY

TYPES OF VOLCANOES

SON.TWENTY-NINE

(十九)

The structural forms resulting from volcanic activity depend : on the quantities, proportions, and Eharacters of the: Javas and pyrpclasts erupted. Some volcanoes have a dominantly effusive. habit, lava being the chief product/a fey are wholly explosive; but in most cases eruptions of these kinds either alternate or take place simultaneously.

Major forms of volcanoes

(A) Ash or cinder cone - Ash or cinden cones are built

waere eruptions are of the explosive type with a predominance of pyroclastic materials. In shape they are often almost perfect ones, but, the cone spreads out towards: the base so that in profil贼 the sides are curved. Successive: eruptions: deposit layer after layer of ash on the sides of the cone, and thus on the flariks of the volcano the beds dip outwards. In the crater itself the ash falls inwards.

(B) Fissire. Eruptions w Volcanic eruptions sometimes:

take place not from single vent but along a line of considerable length; The channel. communication with. the interior magma reservoir. is not a pipe but a fisme sures and the eruption may occur simultaneously' throughout the whole length of the fissure or at points along it. The basaltic lavas of the Deccan in India cover an area of 200,000 sq. miles, Fissure "eruptions generally seem to be characterised by the absence of explosive action, The main feature is the quiet welling out of molten Lava which may: epread" over miles.

(D)

Shield Volcanoes - Shield volcanoes are chiefly or entirely built by the piling up of lava flows. around a central vent. They are low in proportion the large area they cover, and on top are gently convex plateaus. Lava are highly fluid.

Central volcanoes (or stratovolcanoes) - The deposits of successive explosive eruptions. form layers, some of coarsery some of finer material, Thus a rude Layere ing: on stratification is produced, the beds. sloping dom and out from the conduit of the voleano. The materials composing the bed's gradually become con- pacted by their weights and by the infiltration and deposition of cementing substances, They are trans formed into rocks called volcanic breccia if made caarser materials, and if made of finer materials, such as dust and ash, they are called tuff, Dwing

to the well-marked layering produced by the alterna- tion of beds of tuff and breccia with sheets of lava, acone built up in this way is called stratovolcano.

oxysmal Eruptions (means not continuous) the

vent is usually blocked up by lava, When the next eruption proceeds, the steam or het, gas has to make its way through the side. Thus clouds of burning material pushes downwards and welded the erupted materials to form welded tuff.ARI Notes. There is a magma reservoir underneath; thi

volcanoep but above the magma there is a. great content of burning gas and steam, when the volcanoe exploses, the layer of gas will be pushed out by the force which Broduced by the magma and the magma just remain in the reservoir:

nor volcanic forms

(A) Fumarole - after the volcano has ceased to eject Java

and ashes, team and gases of various kinds are enïted Cases include H20, CO2 1 502 & H2S.

(日) Hot springs - hot water with mineral solitions is emite

ted without ejection.

(-) Geysers – when, hot water is ejected with considerable

force accompanied by steam, and intermittent paroxysmal fountain occurse.

Intrusive Forms Of Volcanicity

The Molten Intrusion.

Molten magma invading the crust from below usually follow lines of weakness, Gince the crust is built up of a great variety of rocks arranged in many different ways and traversed by an infinity of regular and irregular cracks So when molfen/material solidifies inside the crust may present various formst

(1) Major tynek ta

A. Batholith - Batholiths are very large, irregular but

elongated masses of igneous rocks. They unlarge down=" ward and appears to extend indefinitely downward inte "the earth's crust; they are without known floors, At the time of their formation they were deeply buried by overlying rocks. Gradual erosion may expose their upper portions.

inor Type:

Dykes (vertical volcanic. form) - Dykes are erupted matters which has solidified in a more or less steeply inclined or vertical and somewhat even sides fissurei Dykes ranges in length from a few yards to many milesi Siil - Sills are eruptive masses. which haye usually. beer intruded along planes of rock stratification e, they lies mostly horizontally and parallel the surface of the country rock. Many thick sills divide into tuo or several aubaordinate silla each more or less closely following the plane of bedding. These sheets are connected by dykes. Like dykes sills are finer grained near the contact of the "country rocks than towards the centre of the mass. The size and the surface feature behave similarly to that of dykes, h

Laccolith - Laccoliths are huge, somewhat lenticular mass of igneous rock that have been forced between Jayers of stratified rock. They Have a flat floor but an arched domecuasing the overlying layer to bend.

Lopolith – On the contrary Lopolfths are large sausee Jike structure centrally sunken...

Phacolith Phacolith are lense-shaped intrusive bodies found in folded areasy occupying the crests. of an antieline or troughs of aayncline.

銀日僑華

• 銘,王于雄」

黠,對強,恩,來幫,吳明 林

開篇,拳」的雄,为整光,白舘,

𥚃牌度,倘你光與能 烈,讓小丽,吳煜交,第四張第

REFEREES 7 LISRARY

六星日九廿月五年一七九一番公年十六國民華中

洪前衝,演嗎,古队英,签, 「氣,萬事,影,李兆雄 陳淑娟, 塔,石磁滑,

鐵,全紅光,何小

到盧花榮錼

糙

者二第消尙 息有

桂玲洗頭理 培號 明 頭 全雜

智联干榮中保甜炸的

張刊

在育

1971 英文中學會考試題預習專欄

新光出版社主編 SUNLIGHT PRESS

化學科

CHEMISTRY

LESSON TWENTY-EIGHT

(廿八)

Define the equivalent weight of an element 1, I, and Fart, three oxides of a metal A.

(1) 200 gm of b contained 40 gm of oxygen. (11) 40 gm of I, when completely reduced in a stream.

hydrogen, left a residue of 10.00 gm.

(ii) Then F was converted to a solution of the corresponding

neutral salt and 0.5 gm of zinc was added, 6.4 gm of metal A was deposited,

Calculate the equivalent weight of A in each oxide. If the formula or D is AO, what are the formulae of E and F? (equivalent weight of zinge 32.5)

The equivalent weight of an element is defined as the "number of grams of that element that will combine with,

or displacu 0.00 grams of oxygen or the gram equivalent weight of any other element, eg. 1.008 gn of hydrogen,

If, 200 gm of the oxide D. contain 40 gm of oxygen, these 40 gm of oxygen have combined with 200 - 40 = 160 gm of

the

:40 gn of oxygen combine with 160 gm of A,

32. gm of

8 g of oxygen combine with Therefore, the equivalent weight. of a in the first

(11) 18 gb of the oxide E contain 16 gm of the metal and there-

fore 1816 - 2

2.00 gm of xygen combine with 16 gn of A,

The

8.00 am of oxygen combine with 16 x 4.0

equivalent weight of A in the second oxide

en of zinc displace 312 gm of X.

Explain what is meant by (i) ion, (11) electrolys (121) anode.

An 10 is an electrically charged atom

The numerical value of the charge is equal to the

alengy of the clchent or radical,

(11) ELECTROLYSIS (short for electro-analysis) is the de-

composition of an electrolyte either fused or solution by an electric,

ic current.

'111). ANODE, is the name of the electrode at which the cur- rent enters the electrolyte. It is connected to the: positive terminal of the electric generator or battery

textbook. Please refer to

(a) The equivalent weight of an element is the number of

grams of that element that will combine with 8.00 gm of. oxygen. As magnesiui.combines, pasily with oxygen to form. a solid oxide, the weight which will combine with 8.00 gm of oxygen can be determined by burning a knoin weight. of the metal in air and weighing the oxide frimmed.

Calculations

211*

weight of crucible and lid

A magnesium

At magnesium oxide

weight of magnesium

and weight of oxygen

(C - B) gm of oxygen comb magnesium

8. gm of oxygen.combine WE

2送1.0.

何苦略,對營,

(甜)

新生放榜

香江書院

一望,梁順字,被慶体,」縮強,梁惠芬 飂劳

·暝你雄:拉糖涛,兖-何于良风杏奔江温 文忠,陳炳垛,王國康| 陳世光,郭海南,傑志

,潘斯安,王杰度。 江號,沿墨才,李光一石,趙永良,李炳森,

深,應於路易高潮」,勝,王锦成,宋 光,狼尙道,中國陀。佛成,旅苑君,會志强、

定,獨蚋華,吳競生

駒,邵國良:劄館 隨興,張炳森 黎炳

F幛西。

翎·號費金價惠,許鴻·馮·

买玉 黃志光, ※道明,梁崇有,與

文麗榮,杜伯台,梁梁

廿一些泉,何

周蜜,好好,李·米, 笋 腢家难·余依倫· 榭成,叫插險,王子弹一枚,骑玉洲,裝

「芬,設立武,榮淑運1

李光

中文中學會考試題預習專欄

總複習解答

甲部

(一)將適合條件者舉例於後:

條件:

舉例

D. 易液化氣體

鹽酸

您

化學科(十一)伍岳峰

! :( - ) Cu +21,501

con.

A dil

B.易風化者

+水碳酸鈉

上圖表示製造二氧化硫

儀器装置。

其製造之化學方程式如下:

CuSO+HO

+50.1

+ H2O+SO2↑

Nach

+5021

(=) A. Ca(HCO1) + Ca(OH), 20a00, 1+240

B. MnO2 t4Cl (1).

2 H2 0 + MnCh2 + Cht

C.Zn + 2 NabH (4)環)

Zn(OH) +2Na↓

氣體

濕潤

A

变藍

濕潤 籃式紙 無变化

B氯無变化,变紅

C.二氧化氮無变化

(四)钙的焰色反應

紅色

(3)一個元素之同位素,具有相 同子 B.電子及質子數目

D. Cla

(七)催化劑(D氯 (九) A.碳酸銨

(+)下列各物受熱反應方程

NHNO→ KO+ 2H6O 或心强熱後反應

NHNOS

(B)硝酸钾 2KNO-

→4160 +2N4-07

2. KNO2

(0)硝酸钙

A ga Ben

with (D

the equivalent weight

x8 em of magnesium,

agnesium.

As 3.30 gm of the metal gave 2.80 gm of the oxide, they have combined with bo10 - 3.30 a 1abely

1:44 gm of oxygen: combine with 3.30 gm metal,

0,00 gm of oxygen combine with 3.36

of metalr

The equi 18.67.

8.00

1.44

weight of the metal

this comp

(e) According to the second of Faraday's laws the weights of"

different substances liberated by the same.quantityof. electricity are proportional to their equivalent, weights. Let y be the equivalent weight of the metal. As the equivalent weight of hydrogen is 1, it follows from Faraw day's law that

8.40 0.3, 0.3 - 28.

The equivalent weight of, the metal in this connound is EXPLANATIONS The metal has to equivalent weights. The ratio of the equivalent, weights. is 18.67 28 or 2 x 3. The metal has two valencies, In (b) an oxide is formed, in which the metal has the valency 3, whilst in (c) a compound ia electrolysed in which the metal is divalent: The atomic weight of the metal 1s 3.x 18.67 or 2 x 28

2. Ca(NO3) >> 20@0+4ND ↑

十一白色硗化物,不滚水 而溶於稀酸的是:(1)硫 化锌

(b)凍铁時加入石灰石,其目的

是除去:(iv)氧化矽

(一)(2)在寅験室製化

雷料

或

Na_SO +

(=) NaHSO, + HCI

'b) (1) SO2 + 2H2S→> 24,075) 作用時產生淡黄色的沈澱

(11) SO +2 HNO-

+2ND

作用時有棕红色的氣體發 生

(二)答.A.硝酸铵B.戴

二、氧化亚氮D濃硝酸 二氧化氮,F一氧化氮

(1)硝酸铵為蒲色结晶,易溶

NH2 NO2 + NaOH →→ Na ND, +NHOH

NHOH

→NH3↑+HO

(2) 氢氧化钠要微熱產生有 刺激性臭苦色氣體氣, 無能使濕潤土藍色試紙 变紅,故呈鹼性反應

N20 氧化亞氮能使餘燼復 燃,其顏色為無色。

(4) 2 NH2NO +H SO2

· (NH4), Sou + 2HNOST

濃硝酸之蒸氣為酸性; 冷凝後因溶有二氧化氮,故 為黄色之液體。

(5):HN0+5→2HC4-6NA

em.

+4,50, (E)

NO2二氧化氮為一種紅 色氣體。

(6)將硝酸(濃)(D)稀釋得

稀硝酸稀硝酸為無色液 體。

-(A)翻片湯濃

3 Cu + 8 HNO3

亞硫酸氫鈉與稀酸 或稀鹽酸。

:(1)乾燥劑.

的排氣集氣法。

• 3 Cu (NO2), +4H2O+2NO

(E)

(7) NO, 一氧化氮為一種無 色氣體,但遇空氣中氧 則变戌紅棕色之二氧化氯

2N0+02-

下期

→2N0

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