有二第張四第二日十初月三年多季麻复 WAH KIU YAT PO
育敎僑華
新光出版社主編 SUNLIGHT PRESS
1971 英文中學會考試題預習專欄
經濟及公共事務科
(廿三)
Economic and Public Affaira
Lesson 23
4th Aprd1 197
Answers to Exercise 22
Descripe now transactions Dianarə and stocks are operated in a stock. exchange.
How does the Stock Exchange benelit the economic market?
Lower t The Stock Exchange is a highlye
organised market for the purchasing and selling of second-hand securities,
including which are:
a company zhares, debentures and governsent bonds, There are three stock exchanges in Hong Kong. viz, the Hong Kong Stock Exchange, the Far East Stock Exchange and the Kam. Ngan Stock Exchanger
When a member of the public Wishes buy or sell securities, he must approach a registered stock-broker, either directly, in the Stock Exchange er through his bank, Büt before the broker can act on
client's behalf.
the buyer or seller must instruct him to-buy or sell within. a_certain price range.– Bearing in mind to buy at not more than a certain prics or to sell at not less than a certain price, the broker inquires a stock-jobber, who
prices at which he is buying and lling. -Transaction can be reached.
Middleman in recurity trade, upoj
when both sides are satisfactory upon the term raised by the other.
The seller must present the share certificate and must sign a document called the instrument of transfer whic will beari a $5 embossed stamp to the broker. After completing the above processes, the buyer can then take the share certificate and the instrum ment of transfer to the company (to which the shares belong) for registe ration. A new share certificate will
be lssued to the buyers A daily quote ation list of the stocks and shares 道侣
Published in most daily newspapers,
Brokers and jobbers are members.
of the Stock Exchange. A commission da charged for the service rendered. either by the broker or jobber. The present scale of brokage is 1% on shares payable by buyers and sellers. An: adva Lorem:stamp duty us also char rged to buyers and sellers at the rate of 2 dollars per thousand dollars.
The Stock Exchange plays anime: portant role in the economic market by providing a those who wish
those:
who
buy securities and
tiedoing
place between
great as their
to sell. This is ar
to the shareholders is not permanently
A shareholder can sell out
Aman
his.shares during emergency or for: a better investment elsewhere. It also facilitates borrowing by the govern ment and companies as capital can be raised by issuing government bonds much.more. or securities, likely to be willing to put his money in.stocks and shares, if he knows: tha at any time he can Bell them and get back his money. The Stock Exchange: therefore ffords an indirect guarantee of the worth of investments. Without
Cock exchanges investors would be ∵uncertain business conditions would be more unstable because there would be little movement of capital between industrial undertakings.
what are the chief arguments fon and against Large-scale production
Answer
Very often, it is true to think that large-scale production is more efficient than small scale prom
●duction..
Those who speak in favour. of this argue that large-scale prod-
on allows more specialization,
in turn is often more effice lent than a smaller one.
Notwithstanding. this is true with reference to production on a larger scale, we still can find that most of our trading or manufacturing unite are occupied by small firms which hold their own in competition wit giant concerns.
买日僑華
Before trying to explain the whole situation, we should distinguish be- tween external and internal economies of scale. When economies are available to an industry as a whole as a result of its localisation in one region they Unde are known as external economies. this circumstances other firms may offer.subsidiary services such as
purchasing its waste products for prom cessing, providing it with transport and banking services, repairing its.
To dieting= inachinery; and the like. uish from the former type, internal econamies of scale are enjoyed by an single firm which owns
aize of the
acons Table
establishment.
are
technical economies owing to greater. efficiency of larger capital goods or greaver division of labour within the same establishment.
When a firm increases its scale of production, it can enjoy certain principal internal
Onomies t
When we take the costs of product. 1on into consideration we often find thevan: increase in the scale of pro- duction does not necessarily incur more land than before .. And.so there 18 no increase in rent and rates. There are actll other costs which do
not vary with output in the sense of) expanding the scale of production..
The interest payable on money the firm has borrowed alongside with depreciat- ion of capital goods and caneral.
administration are somewhat being con- stant. Unless the increase in out pur | is very great, it is most likely that no increase in office staff is necess ary as they can cope with the extra work.
in the office, an increase of orders due to an expansion of proas uction may simply involve a more frequent use of the typing machine everyday
Similer), when a firm increases - scale of production, 1 makes a greater use of specialist machines possible. This will, in fact. maxamize the utilities of machines
oncerned.
Greater division of labour may be. possible in a larger firm. A number: of successite exages in the process of production may be carried out with- in the same establishment whicr turn acquires greater efficiency.
large firm can enjoy one more advantage as it can usually borrow from the bank easier and at a lower rate of interest than a small firm. Therefore, one often rinds that costs
do not always increase proportionately to worpul as economies of scale arise. It is or unusual then to have the consequence, the E Tuệ, average cost o producing the commodity falls as a result of an expansion in production.
However, there are some limits to the expansion of firms.
The first factor that hinders a firm from expan nding indefinitely as the extent of the market for its product. Al- though large-scale production.
certain advantages, it is s
only when demand for a commodity ta considerably large or where the amo- uiz demanded:
be increased by
lowering the ascer
When a firm Certain size,
supervise
dy. He
beyond a
o longer
è owner can no
manager for his cy: or branchese Detall information about his business has to be kept from time to time. prevent fraud. Moreover, it will
be extremely difficut to find entre- preneurs who are capable of managing the firm as a whole when a consider- able size has been reached.
Up to a certain size, a firm may still enjoy economies of scale, but sooner or later, it will find its coats beginning to increase. Because large firms suffer from all these disadvantages, nowadays small firms can still survive amidst the large
ones..
Exercise 23
What are the factors governing location of industry ?
what "are the pros and consul localization of industry
what are the factors of production Explain (briefly the importance played by the roles of theme
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育教窝 M
之介殼,以及主應職業手藝的活動示區,如木 學校、誤際、刘練陽除、入應安裕流手續、職業前途和
梁
神聖湖鬱年人、马生及其家長職練的哦要性。... 無際會,將於本月舉行,該將巡訪离港九各地區, 此項巠性之職掌經無監會,預計將有二十餘間職業
他的香港祉會服務轲軒汆辦的一項流動職菜𨱇· 行蚝硏織業訓崴範,當時參加亞出之職業】瘾中心,工岳
!張飛,因此,該方面人士相信此類民幣已供家長、學生、
·學校及有關機鬲共需二十多則,由於有数以千計之人士前往
訓練中心及工黨學校參加,內容做新*张在該方面之識林中,但是,我的就有,但其前
「黎嘉潮應聘赴台
僱主們獲悉狻华型現正接受何稱慶鍌湖。: ,並以帮助鄗年們叫柠桫業講經,能給予他們將來就業 之機會,當助他們变人個人的技能。同時,國際會可使 裁剪、酒店服務、商科深等。北管、推瀧本港職業和技術效
•在8學美洲校計劃之。
由於本港的工要發展蜀照电多青年在聯黄钏欄中心會冚 問學校接受敎育,因此,此式就會之行悍只有黃大就握
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結,因此間接造幣 航空公司客一號營博士,中文
續講學中興大學
昨日啓程赴機場送行者業
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今年辦的流動,一一新的创,布酐訊中脣
目的. 期最易,方佃爭地居民及其子弟參觀,以證或更深入的宵,
中文中學會考試題預習專欄 物理科 (廿三)伍岳案
預習十三 時間:二小時
.填-
题不限字數,將答 案寫上同編號括弧後的機 線上,(30%)(每答案分), (一)傳遞力而作功的器具叫 做(1)
(二)對機械所加之力。叫做 23
(三)外力對機械(三). 所作功,叫做(4)
(四)負荷的位移技(5)。
(五)要位移與副位移之比呼
(6) (6
(六)一切機械輸出之功與輸
入场,其量恒()()__
(七)第一種槓桿,其(8)及(9)瀾
為支點!
(1)第二種精棍(9)_
其(10)在力點與支黑53間。 (九)相隣兩螺紋
之距離叫做(11) (11)
(4)機械輸出有用之功,與輸 入主场比的百分數饭
0
(十一)貓重力合力加作用點,特 為該物體的)。 (13_
(十二)物體質量的集中點,稱 為物體的份。 (14)
2(十三)凡物體的重心位置低, 稍經推動後,仍能回復其原 有位置者,稱為(15) (15)
有
籍參預 以加計 帮
助旨 青在餘 年推間 明進職 瞭本業 職港訓
業職練
訓業中 練
梗
及心
技及
概術工
教業
育學
校
香港社會服務聯會本月舉辦
流動職訓展覽
為尺,軸之半徑為。則速度比 王芬號公式為:(24)/(x, (二十)在螺旋中設速度比為.R. 施力旋轉半徑為人;螺距為 中,則其符號之公式為(25) 廿一)若用平行(水) 打斜面动推上一物體,物 重為W,旋力為E,斜面長為 ,斜面高為見,6為斜面之傾 角,則VR= 若用一水平力
(26)
推一物體在(27)
斜面上升,則:
(26)
VR-B(斜面滾邊).
(28)
(28)
(2)
(29)
(二)使一物體離開本來的平 衡位置或傾覆(Overturning) 難易的程度,叫做該物體
(30%
(30)
I証明題及計算題(共70%) (1)一均匀的圆光,其半徑為3呎 10%間須在圖片內何處鑽去半
權一呎的圆孔,方可使其重心 编側2吋?——1955年會考 (2)將150匹馬力輸入一機器內, 10% 可於一秒內使3,000磅物體 ̇升高22呎此機械之效率為
-1955年中文中學會考試題
20%
(3)何謂功的不
滅原理
在左圖的滑輪組
中W=400磅,
E=125磅
(其理論機械.
利益為何?
()其實際
利益為何?!
秘
*C)其摩擦係數為
(d)若E降下4呎
(十四)物體受推動後,其重心亚 則以上升幾天? 不升高延降低者,故些物體脂
·隨處保持其平衡,稱為(0)。
(十五)螺旋的機(16)
械利益等於槓桿所劃(17)與 (18)316
·(17) (18)
--1955年中文中學會考试题 (十六)原位移與副位移比4
做(19) (19)
(十七)機械輸出有用之功 輸入機械之功
(0)
(十八)
機械效率
X100%
(21)
機械利益
:(23)
100%
x100%
(十九)在輪軸中,設以68表速 ve (velocity ratio) R$£$12
-1956年中文中學會
(4) 6呎長之棒,支點離一端 35呎,以3磅重之物盤榖
107 長臂之端,若棒之重量略去 不計,如欲使該棒平衡,則 其他一端須置之重量為若干 磅?——81956年中文會考 (5) 槓桿長10呎,其支點之位置 10%不变,若右端縣一物體,則左 瑞須腰36克砝碼平衡之, 若改懸此物體左端晓 右端須懸16克砝碼始得单 衡,則物重為絲克?支點距 右端為絲吧?!!
-1961年中文會考 (6)將100匹馬力輸入一機器; 10%可使3於5秒內將5,500
̇碟之物體升高10呎,則此
機器王機械效率為何? 1961年中文中學會考,
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