1971-03-07 — Page 14

日期星日七月三年一七九一八年十六國民華中 育教僑華

真二第張四第

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報日橋 華

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| 1971 英文中學會考試題預習專欄

新光出版社主編 SUNLIGHT

PRESS..

經濟及公共事務科 (十九)

1971 英文中學會考試題預習專欄

Economic and Public Affai

新光出版社主編 SUNLIGHT

PRESS

地理科

HOL

GEOGRAPHI

PART.

REGIONAL GEOGRAPHY

MULTIPLE CHOICE SECTIO

LESSON NINETEEN

ANSWERS TO EXERCISE

(33) D

(38)

(43)

(34)

(39)

(44)

EXERCISE 19 (China, continued)

(45

The 51 Xiang Basin is on the edge of the tropical monsoon climatic region. Therefore most part of is hot and wet in summer with over

inches of rainfall and in winter, the region is warm and dry.

A..40 inches

C.

50 inches

E. 60 inches

25 nches 25 inches

The S Kang Basin has a great density of population

De people per square mile. that is, over

The chief occupation there is agriculture with padi as the chief crop. Most of the land is irrigated and terraced,

P. 1,500

R. 2,500

T. 3,500

S.

2,000 3,000

Canton is the largest town and port in the Si-Klang, Basin. Besides, it is China's 3rd largest producer. of silk. The Pearl River is shallow, but after dredging, 10,000-ton ships can reach 1s 12 miles d

-downstream from Canton.

Whampoa

RWuchow

Waiveun.

chov

which

(48) The South-east coast of China has a tropical monsoonal climate. Most rain falls in summer, Fishing in important occupation and

grown as

important crop

Lichee

R.

rubber

T.

tea

(49) The Island of Hainan is at the most southerly part of

China, It haa a tropical climate. Rubber is being. grown in increasing scale. good-quality

manganese

згов

MANCHURIA AND OUTER CHINA)

(50) (a)) Kırın

(51

(52

(53)

(a)

Liaoning

Hainan has deposits of in the soù il.~

(b)

oper

Shantung

teilung-Kiang (f), Shanar Manchuria is a great mid-latitude grassland to the north-east of China Proper. It has a population of over 50 million and it is made up of three provinces, they are

(b) and (f): (c) and

88

and

), (d) and (+) (d) and (e)

Manchuria consists of regions; the great Manchuria Plain which is about 600 miles long and 200 miles wide. It is drained by the

and Liao rivers; the Fastern Manchurian Uplands and the Khingan Moun tairs are included in Manchuria,

A Sungari

Huai Ho

E. Salenga

Hwang Ho Orkhon

Manchuria has a temperate monsoon climate.

It has

warm and wet summers and cold and dry winters. It 18 important to note that cold air is heavy and it cannot cross the great Khangan Mountains and the coldness of Manchuria in winter is caused by latitude, not by CP air. There is only one crop a year in the area. The chief crops grown are soya beans. wheat, maize,

hemp

sugar beets

E; barley

and Kaoliang

B. miller

tea

with a population of 4,410,000 is the larger city in Manchura. It is a railway and industrial centre and also a centre of manufacture of textiles, machine tools, cement, motor-cars and chemicals,

A. Fubsin

Antung

Changchun

Anshar Shenyang

Pinkiang which has a population of 1,552,000 is on the Süngari River. It is an important has indusfries such

refineries.

hinderland

port:

railway junction.

paper malla' and sugar-beet

Industrial centre:

sheltered harbour

Lesson 19

7th March, 1971.

Answers to Exercise 18

what is meant by elasticity of demand ? How do the characteristics of individ ual products affect the elasticity of demand ?

nswer:

The elasticity of the demand is the responsiveness of the amount demand. ed to any change in the price of a pro- duct. The size of the buyers response to any change in the price of a product varies a great deal under different. circumstances.

in the first case, sales receipts change inversely with price. In this aspect, a certain per cent reduction tu price will bring about a much larger percentage increase in the amount demand-

In other words, the total receipts from sales increases with any price re- duction.

ed.

Consider what will happen if the price of fish varies. One would pro- bably buy only 1 cattle of fish each week if the price were as high as $1.50 a cattie. But at $1 a cattie one might buy 4 catties a week, and at 50g a cattie one might consume 12 catties a week. One would buy so very little at high prices because one could use meat instead.

is known as elastic demand when price falls the quantity bought doss stretch very considerably.

The other case may show that sales receipts change directly with price. A certain reduction in price will cause smaller percentage in the amount demand- ed. Sales receipts are cut with the pr- ice reduced. The situation reveals ar inelastic demand that product-

sales receipta being higher when the price is high and lower when the price As low.

If rice is $2 a cattle, one 13 wikim ing to spend $4 on rice and gets 2 cattie for ones money. But if it is only 50¢ a cattie, one is only willing to spend $2 on rice although one gets 4 catties for one's money. So if rice is as cheap as this, one not only gets an extra 2 catties but also has $2 left over to spend on other things. The quantity bought does not increase much even if the price falls very considerably

We still can derive the third case. where the sales receipts are the game regardless of the price change and the amount of sales, In this circumstance" the change in receipts is zero. The de- mand for this product is therefore perm fect elastic,

We are going to consider a Iactual example. Suppose one has decided to pr aside $2 each week to buy cigarettes, Then if the price were $2 a packet one would buy only one packet. But if the price were $1 a packet one would buy tw packets, , and if the price were only 50¢ one would buy four packets. This is known as unitary elasticity : the amount of money one spends on a commodity is the fame whatever the price of it varies,

Let us see how these circumst are repi esented graphically

· OR PER PAKET

·PRICE PER CATTIE

·2·20

D

CATTIES

PACKETS

82

BOUGHT

We are going to examine how the

characteristics of individual products

affect the elasticity of demand,

A low elasticity of demand will be

experienced by i-

la products which

are necessities

(staple-food,

clothing, etc.)

2. products which

have no close sub- stitutes

(cigarettes)

3. products of a whon

le industry (tape-recorders)

a product which is used along with others, especially it is lower in price compared with the others

(gasoline for motor

cars)

5. products of one of

the few firms in an industry

(as in the case of

"aligopoly"}

A high elasticity of demand will be experienced by

products which ar luxuries.

(tableswater,

make-up, etc.)

products which ara subjected to keen competition with other close sub- stitutes

(means of trans-

portation, constr uctional materials --- aluminium, copper, etc.)

products of one firm

(Hitachi tape.

recorders)

a product which is used alone

products of one firm which makes up only a negigible part of the whole industry (as in highly comp Vetitive industries)

II. Select the one that BEST answers

the question or completes the stat ment”

An awar

termed economics under social

estenças Decause

) it deals with a scientific study

of human behaviour and social act ion with an object to satisfy huran desires.

Division of labour is commonly defined

the operation of a piece of article through specialized units.

The role played by the economist is just like that of

a) the mechanic who repairs an old

motor.

The economist is confronted with some.

afront difficulties which do not exist in the case of the physicist. For e) 5. the development of economic

thought and institutions 18 80 diversified and complicated that it makes the task more difficult the physicist can investigate. without having to be concerned about the prejudices and attitudes of the rest of the community. The economist must seek the truth; when from all sides he is under pressure to defend causes, most people do not pretend to be physicists. But everyone feels. be is an economist because econo- nica is always regarded as only, common sense applied to business experience.

The amount of natural resources is

2. subjected to exhaustion. 3. dependent upon the level

technology,

Which of the following statements rightly illustrate the effects broug- ht forth by inflation ?

a

1

Inflation leads to a rapid increase in production.

Inflation discourages saving and

consequently making industrial

WOULD

01 - Demand curve for fish

(flat for elastic demand) 02-Demand curve for rice.

D3

(steep for inelastic demand)

Demand curve for cigarette. (medium for unitary demand)

investment extremely difficult. Inflation leads to a fall in

exports and to an

an increase in

imports of a country.

When a factory experiences an increase

in productivity, we imply that

c) more goods can be produced in less

time or by a smaller number of workers

In modern theory, the entrepreneur in the organization is referred to

a group of executive officers.

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