1971-02-07 — Page 14

夏二第張四第日二十月正年文学歷 WAH KIU YAT PO

1971 英文中學會考試題預習專欄

STAY URNA.FH SUNLIGHT

PRESS

經濟及公共事務科(十五)

Economic and Fublic affairs

Lesson 12.

7th Feb. 1971,

Answers to Exercise 14

1. What does it mean by "freedom of press"

What responsibilities a newspaper has to bear with the freedom of press ?

Answer

By freedom of press, we me an the right of a newspaper to publish any- thing it likes without having to go through Government censorship before its publi- cation. But, a country in great distur- bance or unler dictatorship may apply news censorship which means that before a newspaper's publication, a copy has to be sent to the Government for checking. The Government then will delete all co- lumns unfavourable to it or to the state at large. This is absolutely unfair to the public because freedom of press is one of the basic conditions for a country, claimed to be under the rule of law.

Under the Treedom ur press, a newspaper can publish liberally whatever space can allow without fear or pressure from any direction. It is even free to criticize the Government policies and ad- ministration or any branch of society. whose behaviours may harm the interest of the public. On the other hand, the Govern ment cannot stop a newspaper from publis- hing by employing direct legal action ir a newspaper commita no fabrication. Fur- thermore, the Government cannot "tax on knowledge"-----an indirect method of sup. pressing the newspaper by imposing on it heavy taxation.

To exchange for the freedom of fress, a newspaper has to fulfill a num ber of responsibilities:-

A newspaper nas tu obey certain laws which prohibits it from publishing news against the right of the public or the interest of the state.

e.g. It cannot publish news which

has no truth in it at alli It cannot publish false ad- vertisements to deceive the public.

cannot criticize the Gov- ernment rebelliously

cannot publish anything to harm the reputation of a citizen.

It cannot publish anything

likely to influence the result of a trial,

newspaper has also the responsi- bility of acting as a middleman between the Government and the people with an Objective to bridge their gap, paving. way to a better understanding of the two. So, a newspaper's attempt to arouse class hatred or deliberate anti-Governmen attitude is strictly forbidden.

A newspaper has to observe pro- fessionally its moral codes and ethics. In fact, it is its responsibility to up- hold public morality by refusing to publieb Indecent pictures, articles or advertise- ments which might do great harm to the young and ignorant generation. It can also actively atart widespread campaigns to play a role in stamping out social evils.

In addition to all these, it is also the responsibility of a newspaper to be independent. ambitious people may always try to get control of a newspaper by forceful or financial means so that it could become a station for their propagan- da. A newspaper fails to serve the public, or rather betrays the public in accepting the terms of the ambitious.

Furthermore, a newspaper also has the responsibility of shaping its language in such an acceptable way that it is at least free from all grammatical mistakes. Since newspapers are read everyday by a very large number of people, their use of language has a great influence on the average language standard of the citizens.

In conclusion, the freedom of press like the freedom enjoyed by an individual, is not without limit in a society under the rule of law.

Show how a Govern- What is a "budget" ? ment annual budget is prepared in Hong Kong

Answer

A budget is a list of all the estimated income and expenses (in a Government revenue and expenditure.) in a certain period in the future. These probable income and expenses of the zear future are calculated beforehand by an #naoua-earner so that his financial posi

報日僑

tion in the near future can well be fore- seen. The more accurately he makes his estimation, the more conveniently he is able to plan for the future. Thus, a

budget provides references on which all future arrangements are based.

A budget can be planned for any

Length of period. But the accuracy of a budget is most important and the farther and longer the period is, the less accu- rate will be the result. So, a personal budget is prepared usually for the nea- rest coming month and a Government budget usually for the nearest coming year.

The Hong Kong Government chooses

to start its financial year on 1st april. of one year till 31st March of the next year.

But all revenues and expenditures, of the financial year will be budgetted for beforehand.

au une beginning of February, every department head is asked to submit to the Financial Secretary an estimation of probable revenue and expenditure or his department. These estimations are made on the basis of the figueres of the previ ous years. any increase of expenditure has to be accompanied with explanations which very often include the development. and expansion of departmental organization to offer better service.

On receipt of the estimations. submitted by the department heads, the Financial Secretary compares these esti- matinations with those he makes. The differences adjusted by holding consul- tations with the department heads, Then, after taken into consideration the expen- ses not yet included in departmental work, the Financial Secretary is able to draw up a draft of the tatal revenue and total expenditure of the Government in the com- ing year with the result or either a sur or a deficit. In case of a deficit, the Financial Secretary has to propose methods- of overcoming it by imposing a new kind of taxation or increasing the rate or ex- isting taxations. But all his proposala have to be supported by good reasons,

Then, a day in the first week of March is appointed for the budget to be presented to the Legistative Council which is authorized to control public finance. In the meeting, the Financial Secretary will make a lengthy speech touching on all aspects of long kong economy and Govern- ment financial policies; and moreover gi ving full explanations to justify his new proposals regarding the adjustment of taxation system. Then the budget is re- ferred to the Standing Finance Committee of the Legislative Council for further examination.

The Governor then appoints a date for the unofficial members of the Legis- Tative Council to question on the esti mates of the budget and another date for the official members of the Legislative Council to reply. Thereafter, the budget will be put to vote. Very often some or the proposals of the Financial Secretary are amended and sometimes even shelved before a final decision is arrived at. If the budget receives the favour of the

majority, 10 is accepted. Amenaea prom posals will be introduced into the usual meetings of the Legislative Council in. the form of bills which will later become. ordinances to be enforced.

xercise 15

illustrate how two countries can help each other with the Principle or Comparative. Cost in international trade.

II. Choose the most suitable answer in each

of the following :-

1. nen importa exceed the combined total of

exports and re-exports, this means

a. a favourable balance of payments. b. an export surplus,

c. a trade deficit.

d. an invisible balance.

a favourable trade balance.

During the past Tew years, enrolment in private primary schools has dropped while enrolment in Government and sided scho018 rose This shows that

日期星 日七月二年一七九一屉公年十六國民華中育教

a. the Government and aided primary senov

are much better than the private primary schools.IANE

the education Department Limits zne development of private primary school. the Government's initiative towards universal primary education is receiving success.

the private primary schools are not pro- perly run.

both a and b,

The Government's targets and guidelines

in the field of education are represented by the..

a. 1964 Marsh unu Dampsun neparu

b. 1952 Education Ordinance.

c. 1952 Education Ordinance and its subse-

quant amendments.

pre-war educational policies.

a

e, both c and d

不

浪國

各府

收

節難

容省

绝

教

育

人民對高等教育失却信心

美大學不景氣

E-NURAERE

學生,教授愛斯的高空也在減少,有一聞學校,爲了要墯省金洒,因此 美國比越有地位的二千二百四十家大專學校,其 其中十一阿正在經濟困長中,實地調查報告稱, 足球像員的制服以前基拿去洗衣店洗蒸的,而現 SKELTER-1

大學太都的學生,任何人數均受到限制。 澳洲舉行國際】,上頭在她攔下來,有患發經要服任藏多懷學, 裁,體育及其他勰外活動,例如音樂會,脆牌等 就蓋是在何時。洪國島,裝置及旅行的費用也能 依職鸷稱·他不能犯僻他的學校的綱于最後一次 持到最低點,在卡尼茲調查委員會担任顧問的 !! 大學校舍的建築獅滾下來,校舍的淼淼油 做思卽是要担任較大积极。有些學院的研究院及

一面,將於六月開在坎培三十日全美國的一百塔 - ENEDISH• SPIERDO¥KT | 究應和開支的辦法。美國各醫學院也總受財政困,

由今年起純收外國學生,包括煮沸學生內: FORESEKKASZ KEOKKKER SEKENETR

包括香港學生在內 整個學院裁減課程與教師 外國學生收容額亦予減前 均遭受經濟巨浪衝擊 各校無不儘量節省, 甚至停辦 心,若梨是在各方面德基與誠現來辦,開蓋影响表一項報告,描述各大厅為了避免面臨的財政危,該打賽委員會疑中正在遭受財政困難的學校

十一間美國一流學府發生經濟困難 其他學校亦

·美國下尼基調查委员龠于去年十1月三日發 孤正在受到價格的限制。 八粲透社)六十年代的美區大學資金時代正,定存股育的影响,美國邱爭的一代將開莨尼大學,今年銷安六個研究為課群。黑生扭動計時,卻大學協理,黑魂有大學學

·在遭到不景氣,其原因是人民對等教育失掉館

•

·良不停不採取削減方法,看來將對美國高等激素一宗茨,城市糸導課程均被削訊,在惠眾良的就關。分之四十。在某些帽形下,本來泉該增加哦員的 的經濟瓦後的旗罩,費用增加,收入減少,各大減或延賽門號,很多研究院與外語,漢業莎得,那亞洲的兩年制的德安前學院,今年流少段八百 最近數年來,全美國的大專學校均遭受飛大,大學將工學院及的科學系以辦。大學對劃被追殺,很多學校不是減費就是不再倔用灣職員。加利像馆的 - 有些大學坐性將整愒學院辦,例圩聖路易加百分之十八,低今年則只增加百分之三點水。 市,花接受助學生數件,十年來本毎年平均增

立尼

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四州系

分

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的

加

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中

亦甚他

至學

減停校 共該在學

創辦亦

▶計合之復對来學茶

HARTT ER

LEEKENDTEN

另加一繞道新生週,然 後由大學彌査部門安排,

HEKAGERKEN

部學政務 攝洋菜

工門翻中外力,雖生感自

可正所者:奶排网卓播

然均器、使稽州由凯 故地

ZXE HERT

WARENA ZEER IN EA

大慈:

(RE) COR |地圖攝影課程

KELSFRESSA

「握最近在澳洲愛開向

The basic idea of the Theory of Compara-

tive Cost 18 to encourage

a. self-sufficiency.

b. trade restrictions.

c. specialization.

a. international trade

both e and d.

Hong Kong's commercial status changed from an entrepot to an industrial centre because of

a. the trade restrictions laid down by).

many countries.

p. the decline in South-east asia rem

export trade.

the United Nations' embargo on lain} land China.m

the intention or self-sufficiency the betterment of livelihoo d.

A copyreader 18 an experiencou mener (3 the editorial staff, responsible for a. copying and reading in a newspaper, b. checking ell kinds of mistakes in

newspaper

checking grammatical mistakes in a newspaper.

d. checking the editorial in a newspaper.

both c and d

The highest court in Hong Kong's juris- aiction is the

a. Majestracy

b. Full Court.

Suprema Court

d. District Court.

Justices of the Peace Court.

8. In case of dissatisfaction with the de-

cision of long hong's highest court, a further appeal can be made to England's a. Parliament.

b. Cabinet.

.House of Commons

d. House of Lords

e. Privy Council.

cleaning house is a place for

the traders in their arrangement of terms.D

the insurance companies to collect the premium.

the debtors and creditors to settle their account.

the different banks to exchange their checks.

the industrialists to contact the foreign customers.

To clear an account by cheque, the sa-

fest way is to use

s crossed cheque an open cheque.

e an order cheque.

d. a bearer cheque? e. a current cheque.