1970-10-29 — Page 14

真二第張四弟

日十三月九年戌庚歷多

WAH KIU YAT: PO

報日僑華

四期星一日九廿月十年〇七九一癮公年九十五國民華中 育教僑翚

罗

300

1971 英文中學會考試題預習專欄

ANA SUNLIGHT

生物科

BIOLOGY

LESSON ONE

PRESS

(-)

This series of revision tests is prepared for students sitting for the subject of BIOLOGY in the Hong Kong General Certificate of Education Examination (English).

The aim of examinations is to test attainment and ability These are measured in terms of marks scored at an examination... Every candidate must therefore aim at writing solutions which will earn high marks. Working through exercises and questions similar. to those set by the examiners is one and indeed may well be the best way to gain this experience. It is precisely for this purpose that the present series of revision tests has been prepared

The Syllabus for this subject is quoted for your reference: 1. The Variety of Life:

An introduction to the natural history of living organisms by re- ference to externally visible features (and other features where in dicated below) of representative animals and plants. The examples studied should not be presented in isolation, but should be con sidored in relation to other organisms and to their environment. Local living specimens in natural conditions should be studied wherever possible A simple classification of plants and animals, should be given to explain the terms used in this section.

representative selection should include:

The

A simple protozoan.

A filamentous green alga.

A mould

Hydra or a sea anemone (feeding, reproduction, body plan, without account of cell structure).

A fern (outline of life history).?

Two insects. One must be a social species. Emphasis on characteri istics common to all insects, adaptations to life on land, metamor phosis.

Abony fish. Emphsais on typical fish characteristics, adaptations to life in water, (life history not required?

An amphibian. Respiration. Such development as can be seen with a hand lens

Two local flowering plants. A herb and a dicotyledonous tree A small mammal../

2 The Basic Characteristics of Living Organisms

These should be illustrated by a study of the structure and lunc tioning of a herbaceous dicotyledonous plant and a mammal.⠀ The anatomy should be dealt with in sufficient detail to enable students to understand the functioning of the organism, and to ap preciate the concept of systems, organs, tissues and cells. Thus, with respect to the flowering plant, the exteran morphology should be studied, together with sufficient details of internal anatomy to explain such functions as transpiration, support, and growth (e.g. the existence and distribution of vascular bundles, cambial tissue, and stomata). In the treatment of the mammal, histological detail is not required, except in so far as it helps in the understanding of physiological processes. The structure of generalized plants and animal cells should be dealt with as far as this revealed by the light microscope.

Students should have the opportunity of seeing the dissection of a mammal, but they need not do any dissenction themselves. They should also be allowed to examine microscope slides or photo- micrographs which aid in the understanding of physiology, (e.g. sections of skin, gut (low p power only); blood smears; and suitable plant sections.)

Observations of the following characteristics should be made wher ever possible in living organisms, and should be supplemented by simple controlled experiments where applicable. Only such chemical detail as can be related to observation and experiment should be included Biochemical details of the processes of respiration, pro- tosynthesis, fermentation, and excretion, are not required.

A Nutrition

Food and Life

(1) Proteins, fats, caroonyarates as food stores, structural mater

als and energy sources.

((Food tests. sugar, starch, protein, tat.j

(i) Calorific value

(iv) Balanced diet.

How animals Feed

(1)Ingestion Tooth structure Dentition in carnivore, herbivore l

and omnivore in relation to diet.

(ii) Digestion. The need for a digestive system. )

(a) Speeding up chemical changes: enzymes.

(b) Structure of the gut (alimentary canal) and movement of

food

(c) Functions of liver and pancreas.

(i). Absorption of soluble products by diffusion

(iv) Assimilation

"(v) Egestion

Plant Nutrition

(1) Conversion of light energy to chemical energy in photo

synthesis

tu) Mineral requirements of planti

B Respiration

(External respiration breathing and exchange of gases by di

ffusion

ta) Respiratory system Breathing mechanism in mammal

(b) Exchanges of gases in plants

ii) Internal respiration (cellular respiration)

(a) Release of energy from food materials.

b) Energy release in other organismis in absence of oxgyen./

Fermentation..

The importance of water"

Cells and water. Osmosis, importance of turgidity

Organisms and water.

(1) Water and the land plant 1

(a) Absorption.

(b) Translocation.

(c) Transpiration.

(d) Distribution of stomat

fii) Water and the mammal.

(a) Circulatory system of a mammal as a transport system?

structure of the heart, arteries, veins and capillaries

(b) Transport by blood and lymph

Excreton

(i) Elimination of by-products of metabolism in mammals

(ii) Excretion through the lungs and kidneys.

ii) Elementary treatment of the structure of the kidney and of

filtraton and reabsoprtion

E. Homeotasis.

Regulation of the internal environment

1) Regulation of water and mineral salts in the body by the

kidneys

ii) Regulation of body temperature by the skin

(ii) Hormonal control eg control of glucose level by insulin.

Support

(1) Mammal. The general plan of the skeleton and a simple out-

line of functions

(i) Plants: A brief reference to turgid cells and woody tissues.

G. Movement.

Movement in the mammal including action of opposing muscles and structure of hip/shoulder and knee/elbow joints as the basis of lever action.

H. Plant and Animal Behaviour

Detecting changes in the environment.

i) Sensitivity of mammals to-

(a) chemicals- taste and smell

(b) light. Structure of eye in mammals. Long and short

sights and then correction

(c) sound Structure of ear

(d) gravity

(e) contact.

(i) Irritability of plants. "

(a) l

light.

(b) gravity

(c) contact.

Linking Systems The need for co-ordination.

(1) Nervous system A simple account of the brain and spinal

cord. Only external structure of the brain need be con sidered though reference should be made to the distribution. of grey matter and white inatter Reflex are between 're ceptor and effector

(i) Chemical co-ordinationi··

Auxins in plants.

Hormones in animals (insulin and adrenalin);

Reproduction and Development Including Growth.

(i) Simple comparison of growth in the plant and the mammal.

Measurement of growth.

(ii) Cell reproduction Duplication and separation of chro

mosomes, division of cytoplasm

fui) Organism reproduction.~*

(a) Asexual reproduction.

Fission in Amoeba; budding in hydra. Vegetative propa- gation-essential features of a perennating organ as il- lustrated by any one local example.

(b) Sexual reproduction.

Formation of gametes containing half chromosome

number, Fertilization to restore chromosome number, Pollination and fertilization of a local dicotyledonous plant.

Reproduction in the mammal. Male and female reproduc tive systems, mating and fertilization. Nutrition, respira tion, excretion, birth of the embryo Parental care (vi) The idea of inheritance and relationship between here

dity and environment."

Inheritance of a single pair of contrasting characters

which are represented on the chromosomes by genes.

Life and Environment

Ecology-as interactions of plants and animals and inter-relation- ship with physical environment Organisms tend to live in balancea relationship to each other in organised units rather than scattered at random Man's actions with respect to this balance of nature have important implications for all living organisms. Green plant type and distribution determines and animals that live in a parti cular locality Cycling of material between living community and Gon-living environment.

A. Relationship of plants and animals to their environment

(1) Factors that make up the physical environment light, tem perature, humidity. salinity, nature of soil (particle size, air

& water content)

(ii) Factors that make up the biotic environment Energy path

ways: interdependence of plants and animals

Food chains..

(a) Producers-synthesizer of organic compounds

(b) Consumers-primary (feeding directly on plants), secondary

feeding on primary consumers,

(c) Decomposers-break down wastes and dead organisms to

simpler compounds: Bacteria and fungi

Carbon and nitrogen cycles..

B. Parasitism as a mode of life.

Adaptations and life history of a parasitic flowering plant and a

parasitic flowering plant and a parasitic flatworm.

一九七一年度

中文中學會考試題預習專欄

數學科

一張正邦一

在中學教學,分數就激感。前者有天茂、三角、幾何及解析特価,物

用於解三角 * 幾何問謎,且有些靠術感用,若用一數付運算方法,會覺得易於列式及求书名 2:可代取外美面,因子分屏佔退前碑心一部分,不論您力蛋式,压式,繁分式,求吞高公因 式戒多款公告式奋等,都少不了因子分别的步骤,所以現在不能先討論写子分解。

例一 1511- 1044 6x-17 XY +104 ZAZ

2X-3X=x+6x

[解]

62

24x5y=4x107

Xx

-24

62 -54

-524 -12y=-172Y

62=1724+1042 = (X-24)(61-57)

Tat = 107 x + x2+1 #3 121= x"

[m] X4 + x2 +1- [解]

= X" + 2x2+1-x2

= (x2+1+x) ( 8 2 + 1-2)

(8 + 2 + 1 ) ( 82 = x + 1)

13/= 2104 m2-3m2 m2 +n't ≥133 例三分解

1094]

(m

- n2 + mm) (m2-m-mm) m + mn - m2)(m = mn

13/01 X3-38 +38-28212

1314] x3-3x2+38 -28

*3-3x2+3x-1 -2

3*

= (8) - 1)2 - 3

= [( x − 1 ) - 3 ][ (x −1)2 + 3 (x-1)+3*]

··( 4 - 1-3) (X = 2x+1+3x-3+9) = (x-4)(x2 + x + 72

13132 10194 x4+4x2+10x +12x+9

[18] X4+4x3 +10x2+12x+9

= (x4 + 4x2 + 4x2 ) + ( 6 x + 12×) +9 = (x2+2x)2 + 6(x2+2x)+9·

=

= (X + 2 x ) ' + 2 × 3 ( x + 3 x ) + 3 2

(x2+2x+3)* ( X 2 + 2 x + 3 ) *

fox fox3-39x+70 2 127 1

侧大

|

[解] 用綜合除法

39+70 2

35 5735

70

15

X2 = 39X + 70 =( x − 2 ) ( X −6) (X+7)

12 t 04 4x2+4xy + y2+4X+29-3 23

[1] 4x2+429 +Y2+4X+2Y-3

= (4x2 + 4 17+ y2) + (4x+2y) -3) = (2x+y)2+2(2x+y)

12|\

=(2x+y+3) (2x+y=

12104 x4 +412-42-24 +3 2 123 [198] X4+4x2-y=2y+3

= 84+4x2 +4-y2zy-1

(x4 + 4x2+4)=(y2+2y+1) (x^-+2)= (4+1)2

< x2 +2 + Y + 1 ) ( x 2 + 2-4-1) '( 82 + Y + 3 ) ( x = y + 1)

未完轉入第四張第三頁)