1970-05-14 — Page 14

頁二第張四第日十初月四年戌庚夏

WAH KIU YAT PO

170英文中學會考試題預習專欄

堅道英文書院主編

生物科

(二十八)

(BIOLOGY (28)

"Answers to the questions of last week

1. (a) What is reproduction and why is it necessary? | Briefly describe the asexual and sexual

reproductions. Illustrate your answer giving one example of each type of thesa reprodustions in animals.

g

The diagram below is the urins-genital syst of a rabbit,

(Refer to exercise 27)

(A) Name the parte indicated A, B, C

G.

(11) State the function of 1,C,5, and G-

(c) By reference to a mammal, explain

(i) the origin of an embryo, and (ii) how does the: embryo feed and.

its development.

Aniver

ete- during y

(a) Reproduction is defined as the process by which all)

living organisms are responsible to reproduce their own kinda. Since the individual organisms, grow old and die, the survival of the species. depends upon the replacing of these individuals by new onese

The process of reproduction varies tremendously from one kind of organism to another, however, it can be distinguished into two basic types – the asexual and sexual reproductions.

Asexual reproduction occurs senmonly in 7 planta, protezon, coslenteratan, kxyoxou and tuniostes, ▲ unicellular animal, amoeba, during asexual reproduction divides inte two more or less equal portions, sach portion then growing until it has acquired the usual size of the Zull- grown organisn.

In sexual reproduction it, involven two (individualas nadh supplies a specialised reproductive cell, the gausta. In mankind, malo ganato, the aparm, subsequently fuson, with the fonale gamete, the egg, to form the fertili sau. €86. The preosas of fusing two gametes is known as fertilization. ▲ how individual may dévelop from the fertilized egg+

Sexual reproduction is advantageous

biologiasily for it makes possible the

recombination of the best inherited characteristion of the tue parents and provides for the -

possibility that some of the offspring may be

better adapted to survive than either parent was,

(b) (1) A. Kidney

E. Uterue"

B. UraterA

F. Vagina

“Urinary bladder.

D. oviduct

G.

報日僑單

四期星

(11) A. The kidney eliminates vaste nitrogenous

\matter in a solution called urine. It alab)

regulates the composition of blood, by... retaining or removing wineral salte and water.

The funotion of the ovary is to produoe aggs for re production.

B. The uterus nourishes and protects the

embrys.

The urinary bladder is for atering up the azine temporarily and discharging perioddeally.

(o) (1) Sexual reproduction is characterised by the

development of a new individual organiss from a fertilized egg produced in turn by the fusion of two gazetas, the egg and the sperm. The fertilised egg then develops into a minute embryo by rapid cell divisions whic normally occurs in the oviduct. The embryo is then carried down the oviduct into the uterus where it stays and undergoes itm embryosdo development.

(11)

The developing embryo in first obtained its nourishment supplý by breaking down the mucosa. of the uterus with engyBER. After it has been attached to the uterine decidua by a placenta. The placents is therefore the respiratory, nutritive and excretory organ for the embryo. The two umbilical blood vessels (artery and vein) leave the snbryo at the navel, and pass through the umbilical cord to break up into capillaries in the chorionic villi and thu

The

1-18 in a pool of maternal tissue. umbilical vein carries blood from embryo tol the capillaries in the villi, and the umbilical artery carries the blood from the capillaries to the embryo. It must be omphasized that the blood of the mother and): that of the embryo are not in direct communication, but are separated by a thin membrane through which oxygen, nutrients and other materiale diffuse from the blood of the nother to that of the embryo, nitrogenous waates and oarbon dioxide diffuse from the blood of the embryo to that of the maternal tissue.

Give a brief account of the position and function of each of the following-endoorine glands found in a mammal

(a) Thyroid gland

(b) Adrenal gland.

(a) The Islets of Langerhans

(d) Pituitary gland

kasver

(a) Thyroid gland

Fosition – This gland, of two loban joined by an

lies on either side of the trachea" below

the larynx,

日四十月五年〇七九一公年九十五國民華中 育教僑華

Function In the gland, there are follicles

containing a colloid material which is very active

in function. This substance is termed thyroxine

(C5H104) The thyroxine is composed of

11

amino acid and 65% by weight of iodine . regulates the general metabolism, growth and sexual development of the body. If the thyroid!! gland in removed in a young animal, the growth. of bone in arrested and the sexual maturity fails,

DB1101@ney or thyroxine causes arstinian," myxoedema and goitre, Overproduction of this hormone increases metabolio rate resulting in the loss of body weight, nervousness, fast heart- beat, and excessiva sussting. It can be corrected. by the removal of part of thyroid gland.

(b) Adrenal gland

Position There are two adrenal glands lying" adjacent to the anterior ends of the kidneys in Massalu.

Funotion – Each gland consists of outer conver and inner medulla of different microscopio. strantureWA

In the medulla, adrenalin produces. This horsone causes:

(1) heart-beat increased, pulse rate accelerated.

blood pressure increased and deep in inspiration,

(2) more glucose is oxidized to produce energy.

In the cortex; hormenes canassĮ

(1) normal balance of salt in the blood that

to regulate the metabolism of the body. (2) normal metabolism of carbonyɑrates, in

body.

(3)

the activities of sex organa,

(4) effect on the skin pigmentation. Deficiencj

of this hormone leads Addison's Disease. bronze pigmentation of skin,

The Islets of Langerhans

Position – These are groups of sells embedded i the pancreas.

Function - Their secration is called insulin. y This hormone regulates both the oxidation of sugar and its storage as glyongen; if deficient sugar in blood is not stored and in panned out in the urine. This condition is known diabetes,

(d) Pituitary gland

Position – This gland is an outgrowth from thej ventral surface of the brain, just behind the optio ohiasma.

Punotion -- The hormones produced in the anterior lobs of this gland stimulate (1) the activities/ of other endcorina glands, (11) the rate of growth and nexual maturity, and (111) the action of thyroid gland.

The functions of the hormone of the posterior) Robe are to stimulate contraction of the muscular uterine wall and retard urine production.

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