1970-03-01 — Page 14

頁一第張第日四廿月正年戌庚膳宴 WAH KIU YAT PO

報日僑華

日 期星日一月三年〇七九一公年九十五國民幣中育救

夏僑

19770英文中學會考試題預習專欄

Economio & Public Affairi

Leoture Ho, 17

堅道英文書院主編

經濟及公共事務科

(十七)

一九歌气服

中文中學會考試題預習專欄

auswers to Exercise lo

地理科

(十七)

潘桂成,

Auestion

016 ad ant of t ground railway system.

proposed und

11.煤之類如何?爲什麽淇之世界貿易是不大

媒乃由古代之燕林,被沉糖岩廢所掩壓,癌症長人之地質時代而變質而成之礦物,故萬變質岩 ▶片狀結構,有黑色金屬光瀉,因存在之沉的岩層中放開發局。

煤因其含水份之多少而分成四数

(一)無懒某ANTHRACITE,色澤较黑,含水量最少,含炭實地粒,談熱量大,而燃燒

之時間較長,爲质佳之助力區券

(二)爐集 BITUMINOUS,会水能無捆煤爲多,故炭粉略遜於前者,但性質具粘糖生而

·不如無烟煤之脆弱,可以煉成焦煤 COKING COAL 馬保寬胎業工業之心須限制之

工業用途越大。

(三)福拿LIGNITE,色是褐色,含示沿较多,一般用作普通燃料,因其亦有相當大之装

總能力

(四)泥炭PEAT,因形成之時間最短,故含水份证多而發熱力最弱,除用以作家庭式燃料

用途外,沒有其他較佳之用。

世界淇强的海子五萬萬公司,其中以奕國產發展大?,確區主要分布於阿帕拉契山西帶 APP 「ALACHIAN COALFIELDS ,尤以北段為然,此外爲麼是西比河與密條里河間之外洗平竄上 「是另一煤區,農兵佔世界總量百分十八。麵煤田分布於烏克蘭之棚內次區 DONETS,西伯利 龜之麻叢內次克區 KUZNETSK,中亞細張北部之味干連憾 KARAGANDA 斯科南部之 「教拿區 TULA,查盛们世界之百分十八。英國煤田秀工佔世界百分之十三,西鐡之幫及警爾其 SRUHR AND SAAR佔世界百分之九,此外波蘭和中國各佔百分之六。法國、日本及印度各佔 「百分之三。比利時(南非各佔百分之二。金師第七期第六

但煤在世界貿易上之地位却很小,美國為最大輸出國,卻年輸出約四千萬公噸,佔世界線

老百分三,全賽共蔽歐洲及加拿大,英國與東北歌,而西遠供應共同市場各國,二者樣出囊各佔世 【原力 之百分,由此可知煤之貿易量不大,其原因有三:

(一)媟國都是重要工業國,本身的煤消費疍站大,少有剩能撥出,故大多以

(二)煤的推核大而實且重,故運費貴但售價却不滿,因此不宜癌酸太多的地方。

(三)煉鋼工業區位之建立,多以我們以就業,而不以媒來遷就錄區

2.需向中南石油區特別饿得?

舆

加大

機

科伊伊奎 中共

別

蘊藏量球

7.4 31.5

0.41

1.2

6.6)

10)

6:8

11

*0.20

20.6

14.9

11.0 $571

9.6

1.0.

244

-1.4

·0.8

由上表可瓦以下塑將機,並加說明

(一)南北美洲老石油蘊藏量世界三分之一,但察

世界,但因工業發達,汽車及其他交通工具

和佔世界之三分二,其中美國運是冠於 菍多,不但沒有出,而且有須從兩染

之委內瑞拉輪入

(三)共產國家之石油質然有不足之•

(三)中東地區包括沙地阿拉伯、伊朗、科威、伊拉克等波斯圖沿岸西安不淫米熊平原上 老國家石油爐鞕極富,遠低界標值之百分至十七,但備有美洲區之分 一却因霞工桌不發連,石油銷費量不大,故應大部分油部以輸出為主。 (四)最重要的是歌迷各工業國如美國、法國、無大利、西鐡、比利時、荷露、及退之日本 落,本國內黃菜全無石潘生,因此中東油田途成爲列選手奪之目標現各國皆有大量 投資,按茔利用其想殖民時代過部之影響力,以個控比等,故中東就在油精靈县 雖僅共佔世界之百分析一,但地位重要,尤其在型劳上距似改和中國、委內瑞拉、和

池田 ̇附三世界石油分布圖書)

石油分布.

MOOINOX

LEITUENUS

WESTERN

MARKWE

SEITSEALALAN

TOW

HONG KO鄰店

ISLAND

SHAUKEINAM

„ISLAND DINE

* 4 ** ** SHATIN LINE

THE PROPOSED UNDERGROUND RAIL SYSTEM

CHAI WAN

CENTRAL

BEIT KYN HANSI *****

Today for every mile of road in the Colony, there are at least one hundred and sixty-one

vehicles so that the problem of traffic, and hence, that of transport, are very pressing indeed, and with the rapid increase in our population, in twenty Year' time it is believed that our traffic will become so congested that it is going to becoms disastrous, as one can see that the number of oaza on she road

BEVRES gig, ing day by day!

Two years ago, Government therefore engaged the ngäsultants, Freeman Fox, Wilbur Smith and Associates

歐之水力潛能不大,但開發製甚大,主要原因有四:第一是歐洲入口稠密,工冷發 述,頻電力之需求量大。第二是各國皆能大量投在於水饥斋面之開發。第三是歐洲 「之科學技術可改善水吧之發展。第四是歐洲各國缺乏石油,且北識及南之煤滿山缺乏。

故必锁水力以作爲成本助力满商之一

、日和雞之水性設備有何濫異?:

日本篇由一系列之新機曲易所組成,推彩當辣,河流值意,故日不利用此觸地移上之優勢 ,沿小河道上世華許多小水壩,使每小代理效能 局部生地震服務,而小攜歐苦

·多,使全國電力供路下獻有缺。

to look into this problem and to come up with.

proposals as to how the problem can be solved.

Recently, those consultants have completed their proposals in a report known as the Kass Transport. Survey Report which was subsequently tabled at thá Legislative Council, a report which has cost Government $2,000,0001

The Report recommends the construction of a complex underground railway aystem consisting of four main lines known as the Island Line, the Kwun Tong Line, the Tauan Wan Line and the Shatin Line, as shown 【An the dinet.

...... The entire system stretches roughly up to 40 miles and is watimated at the cost of $3,404 million to build, and construction will take 1ớt yeare fo design and build, but when completed is capable of carrying 1/3 of all publio-transport passengers. The Touen Wan Line, for instance, is expected to carry about 45,000 passengers in a peak-hour in one direction. The fare will range from 10 cents (for tha first 12 miles) to $1.30 (for up to 20 miles). Included in the system will be about 50 stations, sach station being generally named after a locality.

Exosllent as it may be, the proposed underground rail system is too expensive and even if Government is for this ična, where does Government get the $3,404,009T And if Government had the money, the argument against this proposal is that, the money: should be spent on more urgent problems, confronting Hong Kong today, such as the problems of alum

clearance,. kousing, education and health,

“Iâ kas, however, been suggested thar „ovarane:12 allows the plan, to be financed entirely by private: unterprise, or possibly financed by a joint Governmuu -public ventura,

One great auyantaga of the proposed underground rail system lies in the fact that valuable time can. saved is travelling, as much za 40 minutes for long trips, while the average paving is 14 minutes. Fox" instance, from Queen's Road and Paddler Street to Nathan Road and Kaiohong Road one sos save about 12 minuten ez a jourley of 1.5 miles; and from Central District to the Kai Tak Airport, a journey of 5.5 miles, there is a saving of 27 minutes, while today by ferry and bus one would take at least 47 minutes to travel.

门

The consultants point out that they have taken A into consideration various other mal": transit system including traditional buses and trama, monorails and moving belt systems, but these are not practicable in Hong Kong, in view of the fact that the surface area is so rezizisted in Hong Kong.

One arguɛent against this préposea ****GENO

that by the time the underground rail system is finally constructed (after a period of 16-17 years) the date will be 1985, and that menna there will only be 12 more yearn before the New Territories is raturnád be Nainland China, and what will the politiost

situation of Hong Kong be, then? Will Kong Kong still remain as a British Colony? As it is difficult to wediot what the out-come would eventually be, an investmsat of $3,404 million is far too risky. It has been suggested that perhaps Government should guarantee investors complete protection of investment against political risks, or an alterm tive to this is to approach Mainland China fox the necessary joan.

(未完轉入第四張第三)

JAMSHEDPUR、及中國之山、大谷等蜜機區 無海北造及南烏拉山虚,印與東北之占零R

天生:錢要然足癬鋼之指本原料,但叙球工業中心不一定在辦遍,甚至反接近煤田之分布落: 故銅鐵中心之位可分爲三頭。

(一)煤主之工業區位和英國之四次偶 PITTSBURGH英之伯明翰 BIRMINGH | AM、格拉斯D GLASGOW、西斯 SWANSEA、德國之銎爾區 RUHR 和藤爾區 ̇ SAAR、日本之八桶袋(五)

蝶

鐵碼

鋼鐵工業城

煉油工蒸與原油店地之關係。

石油屬油質物,故每流聚冷褶曲背斜之两次部份,因此現主要之油田都分布於新褶曲之山

煉油工業除少數在原油產地在之外,却因運輸方法之不同而出現明顯的分布型:

1.內臨市場式油區 MARKET REFINERY 原油 CRUDE PETROLEUM 由 油田用油 PIPELINE TRANSPORTATION 運往主要之市場,在市場附近提 ,以便就近供限市場。如在美國,微盔斯州 TEXAS STATE 及其附近之曌西和津岸 油田昕懂之原独用油管往芝加哥及其附近之五湖工業區之你油廠,而在感染,深涵分 "用自己津油田 BAKU OILFIELD蕊 拉油田URAL QILFIELD 用油管起往前巴斯

為斯科工區

海岸桃源區 COASTAL REFINERY包原油用泌船 OIL TANKERS 週往外國” *故煤油乃在沿海地區建立,因低和原料來源,如來、法、意、德、比、荷谷 國及日本岸都有大量炸油分布

(三)油(冰油FIELD REFINERY......一球油窾分布在海卫上,原油經攤繋後成爲各藏石

抽漳县,再分別用各種交通工具入市場。

14. F蛆篇水力潜船與開發之統計,簡答下列問題《圖二)

日本水蛋站

蘇聯之地形以古陶塊路原為主,地多年起,但由於各洞流水最愛喔,故蘇聯在大河上建築 永閘,每水閘之發電量廣大,能使天天面因而獲得水電供感,例如古比零天水城 KUYBYSHEV.DAM、伏爾加褡承瑞 VOLGOGRAD DAM,聶伯河上境及下壩 UPPER AND LOWER DNEPR DAMSG,都是世界着名之示場。(圖四)

(周二)

已開發

潛能

俄

歡伊之大水壩

(二)纜電線生之工業區德——如法國之 撕 NANCY,用奧之台等油、中國之世

(三)煤鐵之中位證 如美國五湖區沿岸之多加 CHICAGO、克里夫蘭CLEVELAN

D、E特部 DETROLL、水牛 BUFFALO、中國之包頭、甜陽、滋隔等•(週六)

*鋼鐵工業城

題

,為何非洲焰表大的開發最少!

非洲之自然條件使非洲發歷水電安源的潛能其大,主要是於两豐原因:第一是非洲的地 形以高原為主,在實原之邊緣部份,或在高原上的執行,每每出現許多縣谷,形成瀑布, 是水體必須條作。第二是非洲位於熱帶,除了北非之撒哈拉及南非之喀拉哈里过镇外,大 部有墜注。尤其以刚果益地爲然,故河流急水恒大,使非洲之水曾發展潛能魅於其他

但在人交因來上,知從非洲之水電開發最少,因非洲濟落後,沒有大量實本投賽於水蔔 及其血發谢器材之設置上。同時非州人口少,工業不發述,龚部之需求不大,我從水

B 為個歐洲渚能腰小而開亚廠大?

歐洲面被狭小,做水電潪能不大,其水力發餡分在三種不同地形區出現。第一是阿爾斯: 山確,因褶曲山之地勢高聳,故除山區四周之小河流外,高山熔冰水也是能赚之促成阿爾 *卑城社區的河水燥廖定的闷架。第二是北廠的樂海沿岸,因本區乃冰洞俀倒地,惚

可期不少谷地形,而因處,调而使全年。足歐俄的大河,水量 3女用飲腰水風。

5.討能夠砂產地與棟翎區之關係。

鐵限之分布搖後,機乎每一絲配都有體能之,但由於各應礦床之含搬量不同而使世界鐧: 七羅買之分布,現代帶者名之曰:“有美國及加拿大交界之不必利爾湖LAKE SUPERIOR A 西洋及關燁,激ORRAINE,E

UGALLAVAREE之

預

1.工業分布之菲术媒生

底特律动

2.爲什麽日本工業區位是位於東南沿星!