1970-02-10 — Page 27

育教僑華頁三第張七第 日五初月正年戌庚圈夏 WAH KIU YAT PO

報日僑華 C. HAL!

LOTEB 1970

二期星日十月二年〇七九一年九十五國民朝书

CITY

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罗僑榮

70英文中學會考試題預習專欄

·Vane

•Kaonis

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生物科

(十四)

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#COLOGY (14)

Laswer to the questions of last week

英文中學會考試題預習專欄

-After Shaff -Quill Inferior

(a) diva a labelled diagram of a bird, showing its chief outer features. By what ways is a bird s specially adapted to fly?

A typical wing feather

umbilicus

堅道英文書院主編

With the help of diagrams, describe the brief structure of a wine Leathar, of the bird.

Barb

地理科

(十四)

Kachis.

JEOGRAPHY (14)

A)(i) Write briefly on the formation of oil and explain

why oil is found only in sedimentary rock.

Nock

Thorax

Head Eye

Ear

Back

Wing feather

-Tail

(11) Account for the fact that the European

countries are the world's major oil importers.

Ans

(1) It is believed that oil was formed in the

distant past, by the compression of the dead bodies of animala by silt, clay and sand brought down by rivers. Bacteria also play a part in the transformation of dead bodies of animals into oil. Natural gas and petroleum are. formed after many million years of compression and chemical reactions. Therefore, petroleum is found only in sedimentary rocks where the remnants of dead organisms are unaltered." Anticline provides the most favourable atructure for the concentration of patroleum',

Extraction of oil from the

earth

HAMPEREABLE

PERMEABLE ROCK

PERMBAILE -

(ii) Almost all the countries in Europe with the exception of U.S.S.R. have little or no oil reserve. The total production from Romania, West Germany and Netherlands is only 2% of the world's output. Though the United Kingdom produces about 80,000 tons a year, this represents less than one ten-thousandth pare oz the world's production. As there is also a reduced production in coal from the nearby exhausted fields, oil has to be imported for various uses. In those highly industrialized countries such as West Germany, United Kingdom a large amount of oil is required to provide pawer for their industries. Transport facilitie: Like motor cars, aeroplanes, trains, ship sons une large quantities too. Moreover, in the 11 refining industries, various producte can le extracted, e.g. alcohol, paraffin wax, diasqı il, kerosine, and some of these can be used as aw materials for chemical industries producing synthetic plastics and fibres. Unlike coal, oil is not bulky and can be easily handled when it is imported. These are the reasons why a large quantity of oil must be imported into the Furopean countries.

Ana.

Write a concise account on the formation of coal and attempt a classification of coal according to their carbon content.

Coal belongs to organically formed sedimentary rooka. If thin slices of coal are examined under the microscope, they are seen to be composed of the remnants of plant materials. There is ample

The outer feature of A pigeon

010 wayв WAı on a bird is adapted for flight De considered under a number of headings - (i) Its body is stream-lined so that the air flow smoothly past as the bird flies. (11) The strong breast bone or keel, to which ar

attached powerful pectoral muscles. which make up much of the bird's weight. iii) The body is covered with light feathers instead of scales the bones are mostly hollow, and those reduce the density of its body.

The body temperature of a bird is high, and this presumably means a high rate of energy release, corresponding with the powerful muscular action.

The fore-limbe of a bird are modified into wings with feathers which are light and constructed to faciliated flight. The small feathers are very good insulators by virtue of the layer of air which they entrap, and so they help to keep up body temperature. (vi) The joints of the skull are entirely lost

and the face prolonged to form a beak. There: is only one peg at the junction of the head and atlas, so that the bird can turn its heag almost completely round,

vii) The transparent third eyelid plays an

important part in protection of the eye whilst the bird is in flight,

Lunge are well-developed, and connected with thes are air-sacs which extend along the body-contents and into some of the bones. These will ensure that the well susaly of air

is maintained..

The intestinal region is relatively short compared to the intestine of a mammal. This helps to prevent too much waste producte acousulate in the body, thus reducing the body weight,

A large amount or excretory products can le removed, chiefly as mic acid which can be f eliminated with little loss of water. This . also helps to reduce the body weight,

xi) The bird has lost the urinary bladder and

the right overy and oviduct, possibly as one means of minimizing its weight.

A wing feather has a median solid shaft known ss the rachia, at the base of which is the Bollow quill The lower up of the guill i8 small opening, the inferior umbilicus. Beyond the central shaft is the wide part of the feathe the vaue. The vane consists of numerous fine. barba emerging on each side. A barb has smaller barbules branching from it, the lower barbules carry hooke which interlock with barbules of the upper series. Thus the flat vans of the feather 1a förned.

evidence that coal owes its origin to the former swamp forests which was compressed by layers of silt due to submergence. The compression presses out the water and gases in the vegetation and concentrates the carbon. The thickness of the seams is an indication of the length of time during. which conditions remained the same. Coal is usually associated with rocks of Upper Carboniferious frá.

**MEILING OF COAL BY SHAFT METHOD**

A simplified diagram To Show interlocking barbules

•Trough in upper barbule

-The lower

barbule with hooks

2.(a) Describe the structure of a bird'a egg ana

give the function performed by each part that you mention. Write a abort namad "bird.

vi: vne 117S-Ristory of a

An egg deposited by a female bira, 1a enclosed. by a hard covering, the egg shell, The shell, made of chalk, is porous, allowing gases to Faas through it. The contents, enclosed in a shell membrane, consists of a store of thin food-solution, the egg albumen, and a slightly thicker coloured yolk which contains a high proportion of fat. Resting on the uppon surface of the yolk is the living part of the egg or called the germinal disc. The yolk is surrounded by the albumen, Through the albumen are two twisting cords, each running from the yolk to the shell membrane, thus the yolk ie held in position. During the development of the enbryo, both the yolk and the albumen serve as the parts for food and water supplying, while the germinal diso develops into the embryo.

Egg Shall

-Shell Membrane -Albumen -A cord holds the yolk -Germinal disc -Air chambar

A sectional diagram of bird's

(b) The life-history of a sparrow is described as

following-

the f

During mating season, tog male para sange. all the time, The female bird cons tructa" their rest in a tras or close to human houses,

The eggs are fertilized in the body of the female bird and are deposited in their neat. Incubation takes about 12 days. After hatching the young birds are reared by the male. About. one wask latter, the young may leave their nest and follow the male shouting for food; while the mother bird again selects a suitable. place to build a second nest. Finally, the young leave their parent and live independently

Questions for this weeks

Describe, with the aid of a well labelled diagram, the external features of a frog. What mentioned features of the frog do you consider as the adaptation of the frog to its living environment?)

Outline the changes that occur during the development of a newly hatched tadpole into an adult frog. Indicate briefly, how (a) feeding, and (b) breathing are accomplished at the various stages of development.

Name

Anthracite

Carbon content

93-96%

Betisimous

49-84%

Lignite

COAL SEAM

SHAFT

Feat

Week:

Characteristica

Burns with great heat, little smoke, hard, black and shiny appearance. Low moisture. content.

Burns with a hot flame, moderate amount of smoke Used widely in the iron refining industry as coking coal.

Low calorific value, high moisture content, soft, dark brown appearance,

Burns with a lot of smoke. Low calorifio- value. Very high moisture content.

Question for next

Outline and discuss the factors which explain the absence of large water power plants in South-east Asia even though there are large potentials.