1970-01-07 — Page 22

頁二第張六第日十三月一十年西巴歷夏 WAH KIU YAT PO

170英文中學會考試題預習專欄

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[HISTORY (9)\

(九)

Give a critical account of the nationalist

movement in the German Confederation from 1815 toj 1850.

The foundatione of the nationalist movement in Germany from 1815 to 1850 were first laid in the era of Napoleon. Before his time, Germany (then called the Holy Roman Empire) was the most divided country in Europe, comprising over two hundred atated Theae states owned a nominal obedience to the Emperor (who was also the King of Austria), but were practically independent in the management of their internal

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中學入學試試題預習專欄

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By

Section 3 : II

affairs and in their external relations with one another Napoleon, reduced the number of independent abstes 39 thus bringing the prospect of federal unity withi the range of possibility. Moreover, he abolished the obsolete Holy Roman Empire in 1806, and established a Confederation of states dependent upon France this he laid the foundations of the tatar Garmen Confederation. Most important, during the resistance against Napoleon, or true national had emerged among the Germana ☛ who on the Curse of time, became more and more conscious of the it Kinship and of their common language The growth of the national feeling and the desire for a united country proved itself to be the arising force of # dalawnalist A movament after 1815 towards a united Germany

•at of

эрае

tno

The organization of the German Confederation was perhaps one of the Goet important decisions made at the Congress of Vienna The Powers did not revive Holy Roman Empire but reorganized the country upon the works of Napoleon Thue the Vienna Settlement should be taken, as a concrete atup towards Che unification or Germany. Bowever the Congress provided little for the internal organization of the Confederation. The states retained their independence and the only bund on Li kỳ. Đạt Hoan them vào the Frankfurt Diet which wae no more than a conference of ambassadors and acted only in an advisory capacity „

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to Previgga I-szolgon

3. C 8. Q

2, broken

4. C

5. A

9. $

10. R

3. finished.

1. D 2. B 6. B 7. 2

1. called 4. taken 5. washed 6. was bitžem 7. was droW10d. 8. be put 9. will he sold 10. is grown.

III 1. A lot of beer is drunk in Germany.

2. Vary amy watches are made in

Switzerland.

3. English is spoken an Hong Kong. 4. Milk is used for making butter and

ch$230.

5. The door has just been locked.

6. A new Zarket will be built next year. :

7. They are being told the asus.

B. The injured persua vas tekin to

heapital.

9. s 2 read was opened three years

10. The our uns DJUR AWLER.

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didn't.

A.

No,

he

B. Ho, he hadn't.'

C. Yes, he would.

D. Mo, he shouldn't.

B. Ho, be wouldn't,

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A B C D E

I. Ada a question tag' (or tall-question) to each of the;

following sentences. Draw a firm line across the...-

right box.

Ezeosle : It is quite warm towday, *****,

2. dosa it'

q. did it?

8. has it?

E. inn'é ́it

4. will it

1. To sonetimes nako nistakes, ...T)

P. have me?

E. dan't we?

E. de we?

T. shall we?.

2. They won't forgive us)

P. will they?

Q. won't they?

B. do they?

8. dea't they?

7. Eaven't they?;

3. Ion spoïs to bia,

2. 425 yout

A. de yout

1. are you?

'P Q R S T

PQRST

PQRST

P Q R S T 3.0000

but it

Austria

Such arrangements; of course. were disappointing ↑ to the Nationaliste.

is álao true that the time] for en snited Germany was not yet ripe. The slow advance of the nationalist movement from 1815 to 1850, itself was the beer proof of its inadequacies. First Austria opposed ne idea because, as leader of the German Confederation ene could control or disunited Germany far more 8-9ply than mited one, and the latter would cul

into wo and the non-German Secondly, the German princes half of it might revol were divided by political jealousige and distrust, and they clang strenuously to their Independence. Prussia On the other band, did 180 4 Germany united, but ane was not yet 9trong enough to 138ume the leadership of the nation Lastly active Nationalists were still emall in number and

«Quld be wrong to assume that the majority of the people were clamouring for a Germany at this early stage Popul dationaliot movemente motivated by the people were the Governmente because of their liberalism. The stria3 Bystem of censorship.

etc probibition of political meetings

olitical were hindrances to any sort of

REMO

(zultiple choice)

1. Write a short enrver to each of the following question7 ■

Deem a firs lino neguas the right box.

Example : Is it a fine day?

A. Tos, 1 bar.

B. Xo, it hagti S.

G. Yes, it is.

ABCDE Dax Bo

1. Yes, it rada? t.

D. No, it wasn' i

1. Is there any chance of success?

united

A. Yes, there hea. B. Bo, thero kasz't.

by

G. Tas, there was.

tgo checked 198001ation: with

The

no doub

MOVE OI

Another factor, however,

16 to help

#I 1945 forward the unification of the country trade and commerce were greatly nindered by tariffe which existed between the different atstum new system was needed as commerce increased Praban 1818 first abolished her internal Customs proposed to her neighbours that e Customs WILTON OF Zollverein, should be formed. The souller glales wi North Germany at length were convinced of

the

them joined Custome

mo

advantages of the proposal, and most of the Zollverein. A few years later rival unions were formed in South and Central Germany. In the course of time these groupe amagalmated and by 1842, the Zollverein, under Prussian leadership, ancluded most of the states in the Confederation. Austria, however, held aloof. It was significant that the states had been able, for a definite object, .combine independently of the Diet and of Austria, and

that this combination had taken place under Trussian leadership.

The nationalist movement in Germany acquired new, dimensions in the years 1847-1850. In these four years

there were two important attempts, one motivated by the people and the other by the King of Prus918, Frederick William IV himself. The year 1847

saw the revival of liberal and nationalist demande in Germany. Then came the February Revolution of France in 1848. This gave a powerful impulse to the Nationalists to take definite actions. In Marcu, number of liberals began to organize a Volparlement (or preliminary convention), which met at Frankfurt og March 31. The Diet, being pressed by public opinion. gavo its adhesion to the scheme, For a time, it Beaned that the people had seized the leadership in the nationalist movement. However, the Nationa} Parliament which the Volparlement organized by popular election and which had been entrusted with the task of deciding the form that a united Germany should take, proved itself incapable of assuming the responsibility. When the Germans of Denmark Schleswig-Holstein revolted and asked the Parliament for help, it exposed ita impotence to the whole German world and lost te popularity. It continued its labour, however, and finally decided to exclude the non-German part of Austria from Germany, Austria refused and withdraw her delegates. The Parliament then resolved to keep the whole of Austria out. The Parliament eleo decided to offer the crown to Frederick William IV when the latter refused and withdrew the Prussian delegee the Parliament disintegrated. The popular national movement thus came to an end.

D. No, thoro wasn't.

3. Yes, there in.

2. Are you free this afternoon?

A. No, I haven't.

3. Yes, I have.

G. No, I'm not.

D. Yes, I do.

1. No, I don?t

3. Will they tall bar the news?

A. Ho, they won't.

1. Yaz, they would.

C. He, they wonldn't.

D. Yes, they did. 2. No, they didn't.

4. Did Tom sen the film?

A. I think he doesn't,

B. I think be dêáž.

C. I think be didn't.

D. I don't think he does.

K. I don't think he doesn't.

1. Shouldn't the boy be so impolita?

ARCD 3

ABCDE

2. DO

S. don't you?

7. didn't you?

b. The na wea boot, .........?

P. was bo?

Q. wasn't her

R. did be?

3. didn't her

7. heîn't be?

4. Four mother doesn't amuse, ...?

P. dosa she?

C. has abe?

B. hasn't she?

3. doesn't aha?

7. won't she?

SECTION B

P Q R S T

4. DODO

P Q R S T

7. UCD-D

iii. Brite short answers to these questions:-

Example: Is the angle flying in the

aky?

1. Is there a fly on the cake?

Ies it 14.

YoA,

2. Bust you brush your teeth?

Yes,

3. Bee Jos a bowl of fish?

Yes,

4 Fid the polles carry with a gun?

No,

A B C D E

No,

3. DOBOJ

IV.

5. Can John aui Jia sit properly?

Writo a tell-question to each of the following:-

Example: She is a good mother, jan't she

1. Es will study naru,

A B C D E 4. B0000

2. You are very lazy,

t under hia

The reason of Frederick William IV 16 refusal was simple. Apart from his unwillingness to offend Austria. he was too proud to accept a crown from the people It fact be was for the unification movement of Germany but the point was that he wanted to have own leadership and on his own terme, Be true Intent:00 can be seen most clearly in his attempt to organize the German League in 1850. The included Fru8913, Saxony, Hanover, Hease and some other small German states, and a parliament autually met in the game

fall year. This, however, still could not

to offend Austria. It this juncturs eventa in Hesse provided Austria with a chance of interference. The people of Hesse were at odds with their ruler, and they appealed to Frederick William IV. Austria sent 200,000 troops to Hesse and proclained her support for ruler. This indirectly was a challenge to Frederic& William IV's German league. Again, Frederick William IV shrank from a conflict with Anatria, started negotiations with her and settled the problem by the Treaty of Olmutz (1850) by which he agreed to abandon the German league scheme.

the

Thus both of the nationalist attempts failed, but events in these four years were not without significance. All the characteristic features of the nationalist movement in Germany and all the peculiar problems it had to face were fully displayed and revealed. It is indeed not too much to say that by

?

3. She does act want to buy this dress,

4. The mouse ante an apple,

5. They have gone there by bus,

1850, people could possibly predict the future course that the German nationalist movement would take.

The most dominating faotor in the movement was the opposition from Hestrier. It meant that any success of the movement could be achieved only when Aus trial opposition ovuld be disregarded or defeated. On the other hand, this factor confined Prussia's leadership in the movement and showed clearly that the future united Germany was likely to be one without: Austri.. The second important factor was the struggle between the people and the rulers, Although they shared a

Were

once von a

common goal, they competed for leadership. The people

chance in 1847-48, but they proved themeglves incapable of the task. The King of Frussia wes in a better position to do so but he had to solve the problem of Austrian opposition first. Lastly, the rulers did not like a popular nationalist movement albo because of its connection with liberalism. In effect the nationalist movement *8 a whole was weakened because of this split of forces and the governmenta1 suppree..on of political activities of the people. As a regult, the nationalist movement of Germany after 1850 was to forge ahead at the initiative of the rulers and without the auxiliary force of liberalism,