1970-01-04 — Page 15

IGDARY

育僑華 頁第張四第 日七廿月一十年西巴歷夏 WAH KIU YAT PO

報日憍

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MONSOON IN INDIA

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70英文中學會考試題預習專欄

道英文書院主編

經濟及公共事務科

(L)

(JL)

170英文中學會考試題預習專欄

道英文書院主編

地理科

GEOGRAPHY (9)

A) dive a concise account or the salinity of the

oceans and open seas.

Salinity is defined as the weight in grammos

of salt left behind adter the evaporation of 1000 grammes of sea water, If the weight of agit is 35 gramme, the salinity is described as 35/00. The average salinity of ocean water is about 35/00.

Much of the salt content has come from rivers which bring to the sea a large amount of sodium chloride (common table salt), and compounds of potassium, calcium, and magnesium. There are also large amount of carbonates but marine organisms Buch as oysters, crabs have extracted these salta for the formation of their shells. Gases in the atmosphere can also dissolve in sea water.

The salinity of the oceans depends on the following factors:-

(1) The addition of fresh water by rainfall and

rivers,

(II) The rate of evaporation which in turn is

determined by temperature, the humidity of

he air and the direction and the nature of he winds.

B) Write notea on the following:-

(i) Land and Sea Breezes (ii) Monsoons

LAND AND SEA BREEZES:- On warm summer days, when no strong, winds of regional extent are blowing, rapid heating of the land surface adjacent to the sea causes the lower air layer to be expanded and its density which in turn determines the pressure to be reduced. The land surface thus becomea a centre of low pressure. The air over the land rises, and the air from the comparatively cool sea moves in to the land as sea breeze or on-shore wind.

.

At night, as the land loses beat more more rapidly than water by radiation, the air layer over the land is cooled more rapidly than that over the water, Now the land surface becomes an area of high pressure which results in out-blowing wind 'termed land breeze or off-shore wind.

SEA

BREEZE

HIGH PRESSURE

SEA

137 PRESSURE

LAND

LAND

BREEZE

LOW PRESSORE

SEA

HIGH PRESSORE

LAND

MONSOONS: In winter, the intense cooling of the atmosphere over land at high latitudes causes high pressure to develop over Canada and Siberia, interrupting the temperate low pressure belt, in sumer, the intense heating over subtropical latitudes causes depressions to form over the Bouthern part of Asia and the south-western United 3tates of America, ac interrupting the sub- tropioal high pressure belt, but the position and intensities of the individual pressure systema vary markedly from day to day.

The wind patterns are modified by auch seasonal changes in the pressure distribution na mentioned above, so that, for example, the Siberian anticyclone.in winter intensifies the north-east windw.over southern Asia and the low over southern Asia in summer reverses the normal winds to south-westerlies. These modifications, or mongoon, are in fact large scale land and sea hraezea which have an annual cycle.

JANUARY WIND DIRECTION

JULY WIND DIREČ PON

Multiple Choice Exercise in Physical Besamenh

1) A steep sided rock basin found at the head of a

glaciated valley is termedi-

a) an arete

an erratia

a CWI

an eaker

a drumlin

2) Which of the following features can be described

as having a "basket of egg topography"?

(a) drumlins

(b) ground moraines

(c) erration

(d) kame terraces

(s) crag and tail

3) A tabular mass of upstanding rook form: by wind

erosion is termed:-

yardang

b) zeugen

c) hamada

(d) gour

(e) rook pedestal

4) The average salinity of the oosans

(a) 35%

(b) 35%

(0) 34%

(d) 359/00

(*) 33°/00

181-

5) The salinity of the water decreases fromi-

(a) Equatorial areas, trade wind balt, enclosed

seam to polar areas

(b) Polar arsan, équatorial areas, trade wind

balt to anclosed sUAN

(o) Enclosed seas, trade wind osit, equatorial

areas to polar areas

(d) Enclosed seas, equatorisi arese, trade wa

belt to polar areas

(a) Trade wind beit, encloseɑ wear, equatorial

areas to polar arar

6) The depth of the continental shelf should not

exceed 1-

100 fathoms,

150 fathome,

70 fathomg,

200 fathome, 230 fathỏms

Answers to the above exercise will appear next week

Questiona for next week:

A) Rubber is an industrial crop grow for export in

South-east Asia.

(i) Give the clima,

mau economic conditions necessary for, its cultivation. (ii) Locate by means of a sketch map a important

rubber-producing region and print on it the chief port handling the export of the commodity.

(iii) Describe how the crop 18 prepared for export

collected and

(iv) State briefly the problems of the world

rubber trade.

Choose two of the following crops - wheat, maize, rica. For each of the two chosent- (1) State the geographical conditions needed for

the growing of the crop.

(11) Locate by means of a sketch map an important

exporting area, marking and naming a port. iii) Name a country which imports a lot of the orog, (iv) Examins the world trade of the commodity.

receive instructions from the solicitors. He pleade his client's case in the higher court. He examines and cross-examines witnesses in the court. Finally.

a barrister drafts "pleadings" which precede civil laysuits.

In a way we may liken a solicitor and a barrister to a family doctor and a specialist doctor respectively. In minor cases where little medical attention is required the family doctor can attend to the needs of his patient, but in serious cases the family doctor has to refer his patient to a specialist doctor say a brain surgeon. Similarly, in minor legal cases, the solicitor can advise and help his client, but in serious cases, he has to enlist the assistance of a barrister.

Question (2) Give an accurate account of the law courts of Hong Kong.

Anguer I

The low courts of Hong Kong are Justices' of the Tance Court the Kegistrate's Court, the Distriot Court, the Suprem› Court and the Fall Court of the Supreme Court.

At the lowest court of justion in Hong Kong, the Justisas of the Peace Court is not a court of record and it tries petty offences. It has very limited jurisdiction in both civil and criminal offences. Justios of the Peace preside at this court. One of the Justices of the Peace is a lawyer to advise when points of law arise.

The Magistrate's Court is the lowest court of ļ racord. It tries summary offences such as traffic offences, theft or house-breaking. In oivil cases it has limited jurisdiction. It holds preliminary inquizion to determine whether the socused has a omne to answer.

Koat of the oases tried in a Kagistrate's Court are heard by the magistrate alone without a jury, unless in special cases where an ordinance specifies that the accused has the choice of a trial by jury.

▲ magistrate may be "permanent" or "special", and he is appointed by the Governor by warrant. A permanent magistrate can impose a maximum fine vi $2,000 or two years' imprisonment, a special nagistrate can impose a maximum fine of $1,000 or six months' imprisonment, exception to this rule is when an ordinance specifies that a certain offence is punishable by a magistrate in excess of his power of punishment.

A Magistrate's Court becomes a Tenancy Tribunal when it hears disputes between landlorda and tenants. It also becomes a Juvenile Court when the accused is a child (below 14 years of age) or a young person (below 16 but above 14).

When a magistrate tries offences created by the Merchant Shipping Ordinance 1953, the Court becomes a Marine Court. Appeals from a Magistrate's Court lie in the Supreme Court.

A District Court is both a civil and oriminal court. It is presided by a district court judge whose appointment must have the approval of the Governor. ▲ district court judged bas similar power and authority as those of a permanent magistrate in addition to those powers granted him by the District Court Ordinance.

A District Court tries indictable offences such es misdemeanour, felony or treason. As a civil court it tries cases where olaims do not exceed $10,000. It also hears cases in respect of the Workmen's Compensation (Amendment) Ordinance, 1964.

Appeals from this court may be directed to the Full Court of the Supreme Court.

The aupreme Court is also a civil and oriminal court. Unless under very special circumstances, it heara cases with a jury.

As a criminal court it has original jurisdiction, that is to say the case does not have to go through the Magistrate's Court as does a case tried in a District Court. As a civil court it tries cases where claims exceed $10,000.

It has also original jurisdiction in civil ceses in respect of divorce, bankruptcy, probate, admiralty, and it also hears matters concerning the appointment of trustees, guardians or wards or orphaned children, and business corporations in Hong Kong. Appeals from this court lie in the Full Court of the Supreme Court. All juggen- in the Supreme. Court are appointed by Royal Instrustions.

The Full Court of the Supreme Court is the highest appellate court in Hong Kong. It is presidea by two or more supreme Court judges according to the wishes of the Chief Justica.

·

▲ supreme court judge sitting alone is authorized to hear appeals from the Magistrate's Court; he may refer the appeal to the Full Court

Appeals from the Full Court lie in the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council in England, which is the court of last resort for decisions passed by our courts of law.

Exercise No. 9

(1) Account for the establishment of the Community>

Chest.

(2) Explain the basic principles of insurance.

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真四第張四第 日七廿月一十年国巴夏 WAH KIU YAT PO

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