1969-12-19 — Page 27

CITY: HALL

育教僑華頁三第張七第 日一十月一十年酉己歷复 WAH KIU YAT PO 銀日橋

人锚不深留念

工用

||年客游的传人艇式每

喀麼?三人,9 中 TEK

九入官津中

一班。本年五月 FLKEKIRKEN 子女;另夜出念馬會將 十六式,监防馬會職工 四班,因有幫生八百五 :「谈或上下午珙二 有報,其劃谈

说各位隔事成功,好運 VENTS – NEW 洪部人及河子,向發 永不忘。多洪校長懟 TRESKE

·識多大旅行,梁學生

TAKER AKSE 非,要有學習之必要。

「本人所 望者

「上海馬會獎學金。

金外,其染七入均得 十余一人如得政府易戰

「四人,任廣院二大) 「大學二人,中文大學 受大雪夜行者八人(四 者:一百八十人,姦 WIRKENNIR

有爲例,一天二十四小

[一在社會任職之正常成

<*S*HNESIE

劉璇府與觳:「本

『港社會之福音也。」

不靑少年受助,霫

獲教育獎金之間段·斯

會當局,能考會訂立工

PLEASANT

「工業の本人以貌を

EREKREATIO

棠中學亦将磴股,

工學院開辦。五間工

ETC. ENMUS

綠豆之人士,熔必引以

工菜化香港之需求?有

一比例,將可以適應現代

BRERS <3+

·微有11人,完成工業學

¡ERSHIEN

四年來,在眾多區

【西盤股。佢未校開唏!

「業人才之需求,梁戍变

·JENARBE ERH

1770英文中學會考試題預習專欄

堅道英文書院主編

(七)

歷史科

HISTORY (7)

In Trace the origins of the Sino-Japeness in 1894-95;

The war between China and Japan in 1894–95 vam fought for the control of Korea, To trace the the origins of the war, we must make a full examination of (1) Korea's position in Far Eastern politica in the late 19th century; (2) the formation of Japan'a expansionism policy; and (3) China's reaction to international rivalries in Korea.

Korea was a tributary state of China but she enjoyed independence in managing her own affairs. Such a situation was based on the old Sinocentric concept of China's moral but inactive suzerainty over a tributary state. On the other hand, it is just apparant that China could not be free from involving herself into Korea's politics since she had the responsibility of coming to Korea's help when invited and if international rivalry in Korea tended to affect the status of Korea as a tributary state of China.

Being surrounded by two land-empires (Russia and China) and an island-empire (Japan), Korea became a bone of contention in the climate of late 19th century imperialiam. The strategic position of either Russia or Japan would be greatly improved if any of them could successfully control the peninsula. Any move in this direction, however, would.” inevitably lead these countries into direct conflict With China, To add to the complications, both Jäpan and the Western powers had the ambition of opening Korea to foreign trade. It is worth noticing that. Korea's seclusion up to the mid-19th century was more complete that Japan's and she resisted violently all efforts of the West to open trade or negotiate.

Among all the powere, Japan showed a particular keen interest in Korea, There were three reasons for this. First, after the Meżji Restoration and the liquidation of fendalism, many of the traditional- minded leaders saw in foreign wars and the subsequent re-employment of the samurai aş -

s a possible. way of pacifying the discontented werriro-clase. Secondly, in the late 19th century, Japan was much concerned with the problem of redefining her security needs in terms of her relations with other powers in East Asia. Thirdly, Japan had a strong desire of getting great-power credentials. Thereforry Japan's early onnosrn for security quickly blossomed into a desire for expire as well. For the satisfaction of any of these, Korea was importantant both as a buffer. state for protection and as a stepping stone to the continent.

China failed to develop a positive policy towards the Korean problem in the late-19th century, When the Western powers pressed the opening of Korea's gates in the 60's and 70's, China tended to seak a neutral posture, restraining bath sides both neither taking responsibility for Korea's sections, as the Fowers demanded, nor undertaking to control the.. powers, as Kores expected. This proved to be a losing policy. Generally speaking, China stuck to the old concept of moral but inactive suzerainty over Korea, and reacted rather passively to the changing circumstances.

Japan's first imperialistic move in the directi of Korea can be dated back to the early 70's. In 1873, a Korean expedition was almost sent and was only quashed by the more cautions members of the government. Nevertheless, or show of naval force was. nade in 1875 and again in the next year. The Koreans

vere frightened into signing the Treaty of Kanghwa (1876), by which two ports were opened to Japanese trade in addition to Bason, and Korea's independence was asserted (though China continued to claim suzerainty).

In the 1880's, Li Hung Chang developed a more active policy which consisted of two main points. First, he hoped to protect Korea by getting her into treaty relations with all the trading powers, those commerce would create vested interests in Corea's independence. Second, Li hoped to see Korea Jodernized under China's tutelage to ward off foreign lomination,

New problems arose from the practice of this policy, ás modernization got under way within Korea, the more radical reformers gravitated to the Japanese camp because Japan was modernizing more vigorously than China, and Korea's polition became dominated by intense domestic struggles between the reformers and the conservatives, between the pro-Japanese and the pro-Chinese, and between those who were in power and those who were not.

A conservative antiforeign rising broke out in Seoul in, 1882, during which a mob attacked the Japanese legation. Both Japan and China sent troops te Korea. In 1884, tension was greatly heightened by. a coupe of radical pro-Japanese reformers who killed the leading pro-Chinese conservatives in the court and seized the King. Yuan Shih-Kai, the Chinese Dommander, in return, defeated the Japanese avion guards and rescued the King. This crisis was settled in 1885, when the two countries agreed to withdraw their troops from Korea, and in case of trouble aotify the other party before sending them back.

The whole problem, however, vän net yet golven, In the decade that followed, Tuan Shih-Kat sought preserve Chinese suzerainty in Korea, while Japan tried to increase the influence in every aspect of Korean life, her domestic politics in particular. She was at the same time creating and waiting for a chance of intervention.

五期星日九十月二十年九六九一番公年八十五國民華中

華に書院今日

大人脯成,逑透到均分成九小組,由教師推 WetP OF 「汀上致詞「邪人及内一開活調小組外, 大威能會花節,本月十

曾任牧野,及禁生家長運動;此外,於年週週末 質可人。由顧鳴會它,將強榮賞、無影, *-* | ZRBS) FREKA SEKSEREDES 導活動,在暑假期中1.

休閒活動 航院,今日下午7年 一特悯,九龍仔培~假仔英京源排

創校金 紀念

兩間學校

行

舉行陸河、旅行、筒十五日上午九時開始,

2

「來平均府爲百分之九十

The occasion came when a domestic rebellion broke out in Koree in 1894. When the Korean King requeated Chinese aid against the rebels, China responded with

small force. Japan, refusing to recognize China's claim of suzerainty, sent troops to Korea. They demanded sweeping reforms in Korea under Sino- Japanese auspices, which would lead to Japanese domination. Upon China's refusal, the Japanese seized control over the court and had the Korean regent declare war on China. As a result, both countries declared war on August 1. 1894.

2. How did Metternion influence European affairs

between 1615 and 1830?

Metternich, the Chancellor of Austria, was the most dominating figure in European affairs in the period 1815-1830. He was an aristocrat with many brilliant personal accomplishments, by profession. he was a diplomat, and he was in charge of Austria's foreign affairs from 1809 to 1848. He led Austria into the Fourth Coalition against Napoleon, and presidial over the Congress of Vienna in 1815, exercising great influence over its policy. This influence was so much that this jerio, has been called the age of Metternich.

For Metternich, who was an aristocrat brought up in the Rhine land before 1800, the ancien regime

the 18th century meant the very essence of vilisation. Naturally he believed in autocracy and Labhored the new idea of liberty and democracy. As a statesman of Austria, he had to face the problem of Tuling peoples of many Taces and langages and more. than one form of religion. He felt that it possible to do so with Success only by setting himself. against any change. For the same reason, he viewed the new spirit of nationalism with utter distrust, since the Austrian Empire was founded upon the negation of it. Moreover, he wished to preserve the peace of Europe through the exercise or big power politics based on the principle of balance of powвZ»

Therefore, in the Congress of Vienna and the year that followed, Metternich represented and promoted the conservative force in Europe in the struggle against nationalism and liberalism. This is the reason why he was considered an arch-reactionary who. tried to bring back the vanished 18th century.

The diplomatic weapon through which Metternich cried to put his policy into practice was, the Quadruple Alliance created during the Congresa Vienna. This Alliance provided a concert of the four big European powers (Britain, Prussia, Austria and Russia), which agreed to maintain the settlement. made at Vienna and to meet and discuss any affairs. that might arise and affect the peace of Europe" whenever necessary.

The first or these congresses was the one in y Aix-la-chapelle in 1818, at which the withdrawal of allied troops from France was arranged and that counte was allowed to join the defenders of legitimacy in «“ new Quintuple Alliance. This was merely an extention of the Quadruple Alliance and showed Katterni oh's. confidence in big power politics and the restored monarchy in France. In 1820, 1821 and 1822 came the Congresses of Troppan, Laibach and Verone which were, called to consider the revolutions in Spain and Italy, Metternich in these congresses tried his utmost to persuade the other powers to crush the nationalist and and liberal agitations, Generally speaking, he succeeded in doing so since the revolutions, with the exception of those in South America, were suppressed. Austria itself twice sent troops to crush, the revolutions in Naples and Piedmont while france restored the autooratio monarchy in Spain.

M

However, Metternich failed to resist the growing divergence of views that was developing amongst the bembers of the alliance. Britain, for instance, did not agree to the policy interference into the smaller states, and openly, supported the South American. revolutions. She refused to cooperate with the other powers, which in effect paralized the police system' that Metternich had built up.

Later the failure of Hetternich became more obvious when Russia supported the Greek Revolution against Turkey for its own ende', and when in 1830 the Bourbons were replaced by the House of Orleans in France, which was a mortal blow for legitimacy..

However, the influence of Metternich in European affairs in these years should not be under-estimated. To a certain extent, we can in fact say that Metternich had succeeded in these years in preserving the peace of Europe and suppressing revolutions, so much that the spirit of conservation was able to dominate the scene for these 15 years.

Questions for next week:

1. What venta led to the Boxer Rising and way à12

it fail?

2. Why did revolutionary movements in 1848-1849 fail

to unite germany?

ta

任,筑世精彩,節目 BE-EAR

詩歌、朋訴、話劇由海 【行視藝會。節目有 二十一時止全校員生

畫班同學擔任、歌唱、

該校在辦兩節目前

地恩斯競馬會小學,昨

·坤【香港跑馬一時,除了富人一大盘,熱网美術 立工業教育獎學金制度, 以資鼓勵。 勗勉 校長劉文駒在校務報告中嘅 馬會小學頒獎典禮 碳英皇御准香港獗馬會間,培義正常活動之休,一著醫張厚生之黑豹一打二十一日在龍岡道骸 八十八)日下午四時,閒生活。苟不於在受州,希望能透過各項活嘛,青少年休閒嗲樂活動, 嘆工業教育發展不足 希望賽馬會訂 賽馬會主席桑打士伉儷主禮並致詞 一情緒,鼦可培於正常之,歇中學愤學號舉行案 ,假費品公司製作第一堂季務委員會,字促進 之发日,郊遊戲節目

-KURS BER 安旃學生家長入場,两

「半天我工會過成行有彻生活,用就業之後,招待蔥生,請九龍城

十四员很典概。會

•HEBENINCS 將必爲不良習染化

--ACED BRACENSE-KOFFUT

AH-R

接第七張第二頁)

教

170英文中學會考試題預習專欄

堅道英文書院主編

生物科(七)

Respiration

It takes place in all living cells of plants and animals,

Materials necessary for the process are oxygen and carbohydrates.

The chemical energy stared in the carbohydrates is converted into kinetic energy.

The process occurs in both day and night.

5. It takes in oxygen

and gives out carbon dioxide usually.

6. The products are

carbon dioxide and water usually.

7. the process results

in a decrease of matters in the body

PhotosynthESIO

1. It can only take

place in the

chlorophyllous cells

of plants.

2. Materials necessary for the process are water and carbon dioxide.

3. The light energy is

stored in the oarbohydrates as in the form of a chemical energy,

4. The proCOBB OGOUTS

in daytime only.

5. It takes in carbon

diòxide and gives out oxygen+

6. The products are

oxygen and carbohydrates.

The process results in an increase' of

matters in the body e

(b) Experiment to show that heat is given off

during the process of respirations

•Thermometer

-plus-

Experimental

apparatus

-Living

Seeds

Boiled Seeds

"Damp

Cotton-wool

Control

apparatus

Placed moist cotton wool in a treTMO- flask and covered it with some germinating pea seeds. A thermometer was introduced into the flask and was fixed in place with a wad of cotton-wool in the neok of the flask. Set up a control with germinating pea seeds killed by boiling water or by soaking for several hours in a solution of 0.1% mercurio chloride.

After 2-3 days the temperature inside the experimental flask had increased, whereau the temperature inside the control flask remained unchanged. Since germinating seeds were placed in the experimental flask which showed an increase of temperature, thus the experiment proved that heat was generated. during respiration in the germinating seeds. Questions for this week

(a) What do you understand by transpiration?

Distinguish between transpiration in flowerin plants and perspiration in mammals.

(b) What external factors determine the rate of

transpiration?

2. What is meant by the TETH "OBMOBi”? With the aid of labelled disgrams, describe an experiment to show ́osnosis in living tissues.