1969-11-29 — Page 19

REFERENCE LIBRARY

2.9 NOV 1969

(ii) Distinguish the four types of volcanoes

育教僑華 真三第張五第 日十二月十年酉己 WAN

CITY

HALS

YAT

報日僑蟹

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六期星日九廿月一十年九六九一圈公年八十五國民華中

編號 中文中學會考試題預習專欄

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化學科

(四)

林錫衡。

複習題四

70英文中學會考試題預習專欄

堅道英文書院主編

地理科

(四)

GEOGRAPHY (4)

AJ With actual examples, write a concise account on

weathering in equatorial areas..

Ane.

All kind of rocke, when exposed for a long time to the atmosphere, undergo decay from dieintegration and decomposition, and this is referred to as weathering. By these processes a mantle of weathered rock is formed on the land aurfacey ad part of this are continually. being: removed, fresh material comes under the influence. of weatheringka

In equatorial areas, the climate is hot and humid throughout the year. Temperature is high and uniform all the year round, both the diuraal range and annual range of temperature are amall. Mechanical weathering which depends on the change in temperature would be negligible. Moreover, temperature at night and in the cooler season seldon drops to below freezing point, thus the action of frost is limited to the upland areas.

-- On the other hand, the breaking up of rocka are the result of the action of chemically active gases and moisture in the atmosphere. The chemical processes can be divided intor.....

HYDRATION by adding water to the elements an the minerals, hydrous oxides and hydrous silicates are produced from the common minerale of the crust. For example, felspar is converted to kaolin in this way (e.g. in Cha Ko Ling, Kowloon) and othew olay minerals of tremendous Bignificance because they are the basis of the Boil which support all life in the earth. (II) OXIDATION - the effect of oxygen which is aided by the presence of moist air is significant especially on iron compounds. Colour changes result and acids are released in a never ending chain of reaction.

(III) CARBONATION - Carbon dioxides is added to rock

minerals in the form of carbonic acid which has derived ita Co content: from the atmosphere and vegetation. Carbonic acid is sometimes much more effective than pure water in attacking felspar and other minerals. Sillica and potassium carbonates are dissolved by this way.. It is therefore apparent that various ways of chemical weathering are more effective in.the:

Countorial areas with the aid of high temperature.

and high humidity. Not only does. the rate of weathering higher than that in the temperate areas. but also it might affects rocks to a depth of several hundred feet. In Hong Kong it is not

nusual to find weathered granite to a depth of more than 100 feet. Some of the soluble new compounds formed by weathering would be washed away and this process is termed leaching.

B)(i) with the aid of a world map,. describe the world

distribution of volcanoes...

on the accompa

From the accompanied world map, it is apparent there is a close relationship between the location of folding and the major lines of weakness in the earth's crust, The most striking development in around the basin of the Pacific Ocean where some two-thirds of the world's volcances occur. Most are associated with fold mountains or faulted blocks. Besides the Circum Pacific Belt, volcanoes are found. along the line of East African Rift-Valley as well as in the Mid-Atlantic Ridge.

illustrated and suggest how any TWO of them are

formed. (N.B. illustrations appeared last week).

HA" Ash and Jinder Cone

Acid Lava Dome:.

"B"

Hof: e Basic Lava Shield Volcano "D" LL: Composite Volcano

·ACID LAVADONE is formed by viscous lava which does not flow far, thus the congealing of

molten material is rapid and the most elevated pact has a height which exceeds the breadth of the.base. The appearance of the volcano thus formed would have a steep dome, with convex sides and usually without a visible crater. (a.g. extinct cones such as Puy de Dome in France).

BASIC SHIELD VOLCANO 15 characterized by large, flat cone of lava with gentle slope; it is built up of many Java flowe, mainly basaltic nature and it can flow for very considerable distances. (e.g. Mauna Loa in Hawaii)

Multiple-chcice exercise in Geography

Which of the following is not the effect of fold mountains on human activities?

(a) fold mountaine are effective climatio barrier.

fold mountains act as communication barrier. fertile soils are usually associated with. young fold mountains so that the population density is high in these areas.

(d) fold mountains often produced orographic uplift

of moisture bearing winde, causing heavy precipitation on the windward slope.

(e) mineral deposite are often found in fold

mountain ranges.

2) Rift valley can be formed either by compression or tension and the appearance of the rift valley thus formed would be:-

(a) rift valley formed by compression is higher in

elevation than those formed by tension.

(b) no difference in appearance.

(c)compression formed rift valley is more rugged.

in its outline.

(d) tension formed rift valley has a wider valley.

bottom.

(e) compression formed rift valley is desper than

those produced by tension.

The tern mountaine of denudation" refers to:

1) Block mountains

Fault mountains

Volcanic mountaina (a) Residual mountains:

(a) Resistant mountains

4) Another term for rift-valley 101-

Graben

(b) Butte

(a) Horst

(d) Geosyncline

(e) Hamada

Inland drainage system usually can

(a), peneplain

(b) allurial flood plain

(c) piedmont plateau:

(d) limestone district.

intermont plateau

[]

複習項目碳和碳的氧化物 燃料 火烛和燈

填-

題

(1)碳的同素異形體有

等。

(乙)碳燃燒時若空氣不足則生成

-

足則生成 氧化碳

自燃

-氧化碳 水。

自然 助燃、

空氣

助燃二氧化碳.

溶於水二氧化碳. .溶於

氧化碳遇

而成

是因為與

(5)一氧化碳氧化可成為

灼熱的碳可被

(6)二氧化碳能使石灰水呈

石灰水作用生成

之故。

(7)一氧化碳中含少量=氧化碳可用

吸去

(8)用蟻酸鈉與濃硫酸製一氧化碳時濃硫酸

是作 和 用。 (9)一氧化碳是一種

(10)煤氣的主要成份是

發生爐氣的主要成份是 水煤氣的主要成份是

者中發熱量最高是

一般燃料主要含: 燃燒後生成___

最低的是

二元素

(12)*熘最熱部份在 畑最光部份在

(/3)固體粒子存在越... 温度越

度越則火燃越光亮。 二、完成及平衡下列方程式

(1) CaCO3+ HCl- (2) H2 ( z O a

(3) Fe2O3 + CO-

(4) CuO + c→

(5) CaCO3+ H2O + COz

複習題三解答

(1)均態混合物

Found: ins

(2)溶劑 溶質

(3)

5) The accumulation of silt deposited on both sides

of a river would fornt-

coastal plain

(b) alluvial flood plain:

(c) panplain

deltaic plast

coastal plain

ANSWERS WILL APPEAR NEXT WEEK

Questions for next weeks.

A(1) Name the type of landform found at As

and D on the following map.

П

藍礬(硫酸銅結晶) 石膏(硫酸鈣結晶) 芒硝(硫酸鈉结晶) 洗濯蘇打

(碳酸鈉结晶) 大蘇打

氣體密

CuSO4.5H20

CaSO4 2120

Na250, 10H2O

Na2CO2 10420.

《硫代硫酸鈉结晶〉 NaS.Q.5H.O

(4) 芒硝洗濯蘇打

(5)氫氧化鈉氯化鈣

(6) 氯化鈣濃硫酸 五氧化二磷

(7)增加 減少 增加

(8)+1

(9)+4

WORLD DISTRIBUTION OF VOLCANOES:

(10) Al2(SO4)3 (NH4)3PO4

N2O5

HNOZ

FeCl2

(ii) Write short notes on the following:-

estuary

b) river terrace

o) entrenched valley

(d) soil erosion

二、(1)在某一溫度下一定量的溶劑所能溶解溶 質的量都有其最大的限度達此限度的 溶液稱為飽和溶液。

(2)高温的飽和溶液冷却時並不將其過量的 溶質析出,此時的溶液稱為過飽和溶液過 飽和溶液甚不穩定如將其搖動或投入溶 質的小粒則過量溶質析出而成此溫度時 的飽和溶液。

(3)用物質的化學式和幾種簡單符號來表示 化學變化的式子稱為化學方程式,它能 表示(j)一個實際存在的化學反應(ii)反應 物質與生成物質間的重量關係。

三解,設100克水能溶解x克食

80: 28.8 = 100;

2-36.0

· 食在20°C之溶解度為36.0克