1969-11-14 — Page 23

14 NOV 1969

CITY HALL

育敘僑華頁三第張六第二日五初月十年,巴曆宴 WAH KIU YAT PO

報日橋

EC英文中學會考試題預習專欄 歷史料(二)

院全編號

Thus, by 1870, the muccessful foreign policies of Napoleon III in Italy, Mexico and Central Europe not only exposed the Second Empire to severe criticism by his enemies at home but also left

HISTORY (2)

Explain how Napoleon III had lost support at home and abroad by 18702

Napoleon III never enjoyed full support in France, The Republicana, the Legitimints and the Ultra -Royalists would never reponcile with the Empira while the Liberals objected to such illiberal measures as strict censorship, stringent prees control, suppression of political clubs and the control of education by the Catholics, But, up till 1860, Napoleon III could depend on the support of the Bona partists, the Catholios and the middle-clane who benefitted from the economic prosperity in the Empire. Besides, plebiscites and elections by universal suffrage helped to maintain the illusion? of popular sovereignty. Abroad, the dateute cordial. with Britain produced remarkable results. The Chita war and the Crimean War unmistakably restored the French prestige to the Napoleonio days. Indeed, the Napoleonie formula of sucßess abroad and prosperity. at home to compensate for the deprivation of liberty was proved successful again.

The tide, however, began to change in 1860, instead of following the traditional French policy of keeping Italy divided, Napoleon III ventured to help Piedmont to gain partial unity. Thậugh Bavay and Nice were annexed, the Republicans were alarmed to see the non-intervention policy of Napoleon III which facilitated the incorporation of the whole peninsula, sava Rome and Fenetia with Piedmont and the creation of a new United Kingdom of Italy. The Catholic, who were the warmest supporters of the Second Empire, were shocked to see that Napoleon III allowed Romagna to be incorporated into Piedmont though their conscious was to certain extent satisfied when French ealdiers were sent to proteof the Pope. On the other hand, the Italiane, instead of being grateful to Napoleon III were indignant, They could not forgive the withdrawal of French troops from battle in 1859 nor could they hear the Loss of Savay and Nice. Austria naturally bore a grudge against France who affered help to the Italians while England could not but look at French activities from then onwards with suspicious dyes Napoleon III bad tried to pleased all but in the and pleased none.

In 1860, too, France concluded a commercial Treaty with Brtitain and it was soon followed by series of similar treaties with Belgium, Italy, Switzerland and Prussia. Though this policy of free trade acted as a healthy simulant to Franch industry, it nevertheless offended the big land- owners and many industrislista. In order to make up for the loss of support of the leading merchants, manufacturers and catholics, Napoleon III had to allow more political freedom in France with the purpose of gaining support of the Liberals. Political amnesty was granted to all prisoners and exiled politicians were allowed to return from abroad. All parliamentary debates were published in full and the Senate as well as the Legislature were allowed to criticize the government. This opened the "Era of Liberal Empire" but the Liberals were still not satisfied and the relaxation of press control and censorship only led to a heavier attack or Napoleon III's policies.

In a desperate attempt to regain the support or catholics in France, to win cheap imperial glory and to serve French soonomio interests, Napoleon III tried to establish a new Latin oatholic Empire in México. Although 40,000 soldiers were employad and a large sum of money was poured into Mexico. Napoleon III still failed to establish an empire in Hasico and the whole adventêre ended in a fiasco,“ After Napoleon III had withdrawn his troops back to Europe to avoid a clash with the United States, then luckless irohduke Maximilian was imprisoned and shot and the French prestige suffered another eat back.

It was necessary then for Napoleon III to boast up the French prestige in order to maintain hin position. He tried his luck in Europe but was badly outwitted by Bismarck. In 1864-6, when the Schleswig-

Holstein question came up, the mutual distrust betgeen France and Britain mads effective anglo-Franch intervention impossible so that Bismarck once again had things in his own way. In 1866, when war broke out between Prussia and Austria, Napoleon III misjudged the balance of power of both countries and failed to act swiftly. Had he been ready, as his Foreign Minister and others had urged, to place, an observation corps on the Rhine frontier as soon as war broke out and to back his mediation by force of: arme he might well have secured the Rhine territory which had been the object of so many fruitless. Negotiations during the past five years. Napoleon III, not only failed to fish anything out of the troubled waters but also placed France in a helpless isolated position when Bismarck exposed publicly Franea ambition by revealing the French draft convention. The secret clause providing for the annexation of Belgium alarmed Britain and prevented and possiblé British help in case of a Franco-Prussian War.

Izar, on the other hand, was grateful to the the

Prussian help during the Polish revolt in 1863 and was antagonized by the corresponding French protest. While the Austrians were still grateful to the Linient treatment of Prussia after the Austro- Prussian War, the Italians could not forget the

betrayal of the Italians by Napoleon III at the Treaty of Villafranca and were grateful, consequently, to Bismarck when he gave Venetia back to them in 1866. Hence, when France was at war with Prussia over the candidature to the Spanish throne, Napoleon III found that France was not only militarily unprepared out also diplomatically isolated.

France friendless in the international scene. These led eventually to the collapse of the Second Empire

2. In what ways did Cavour's diplomacy help bring

about Italian unity?

With the defeat of the 1848 Revolution in Italy, realism came to the national cause. Gone was the belie of a united Italy under a liberal Pope and gone too. was the heroic belief of Italy will go alone!; Republican force was still weak and Piedmont was still not strong enough to fight against the gigantio Austrians If Italy was to achieve unification, external help was necessary. The first contribution of Cavour to the cause of Italian Unification reste, therefore, not in his realization of the necessity of an external help but in his ability to persuade. the French soldiers to shed blood for the Italian

cause.

It has been argued that Cavour sent the Piedmont troops to the Crimean War just to attract the attention of the great powers and to vent the Italian cause of unification. However, a closer examination of facts shows that the expedition was largely the result of the demand of the king that war would distract the minds of patriots from Lombardy

But, credit should be given to Cavour who was able to exploit the idealistic, adventurous and Bonapartist imperialism in. Napoleon III and to secure the French help at Plombieres. It was, of course reached at a price. Nice and Savoy were te be given to France after apoleon III had helped. Piedmont to form a kingdom of Upper Italy. v. Nevertheless, the Fact of Plombièzes marked the first successful attempt of the Italians to break off the diplomatic isolation which had so long been the stumbling block of the cause of Italian unification. Hore important still was the unexpected turn of events after the force of nationalism had been unleashed.

After Cavour had trapped the Austrians to a war with the Italiane in 1859 and after the French troops had poured into Italy, two pitched battles were won by the Piedmontese and French soldiers at Magenta and 'Solferino, These victories served to stimulate the national feelings of the Italiano. Revolts soon broke out in Parma. Modena and Tuscany and their rulers were expelled. In August constituent

assemblies met in Parma, Modena, Tuscany and Romagna. and formed a military alliance with a common army, They wanted Victor Endranuel as their king. Such enthusiastic support shown by these four states enabled Cavour to take up a strong bargaining position with Napoleon III and persuaded him to go back even on the terus of Villafranca. In March 1860, the central Italian states voted almost unanimously, byplebiscite, for union with Piedmont. Events had taken an unexpected turn in central Italy and allowed Cavour to reap a better harvest than he had expected at Plompiares. Thus, without the diplomatic skill of cavour to elecit French help. there would not be auch a marked degree of success and the unification of Italy would not have made such a gigantic step forward.

However, this was not the end of the chain reactions, Between March and November 1860, Garibaldi repelled Francis II of Naplss, gained control in Sicily and Naples and marched north to liberate the Papal atates in central Italy. The situation: tested the diplomatic skill of Vacour. To allow Garibaldi to attack Rome would mean trouble with France and with the whole of Catholic Europes and to forse the pace of events too hard might also call down a further onslaught from Austria. Besides many followers of Garibaldi were Republicans sc there was an added threat that Piedmont would loss her leadership to the Republicans. The sending of the Piedmontese army to invade the Marohes after an agreement with Napoleon III was therefore a highly intelligent move of Cavour to localize the incident and to prevent foreign intervention. At the same time, Piedmont projected an image of a protector of all Italian states. Thus, the delicate situation way waved by Cavour. But it was the generosity of Garibaldi that prevented a crime war in Italy for the turned over the whole of southern Italy to King Victor Emmanuel. By the time of Cavour's death, only Venatia and the city of Rome still remained outside the realm of a united Italy.

To sum up, the, the Italian unification was to larger extent shaped and guided by Cavour's diplomacy. Withoht Gavour's diplomatic skill to elicit French help, it is doubtful whether the national feelings of the Italians would rise to auch a high pitch as to make unification possible

Indeed, the victories of the Piedmontese and French soldiers were necessary stimuli to spark off the revolts in central and, southern Italy. Without the intervention of the Piedmont soldiers in the Papal. states, foreign intervention might prevent the unification of Italy for at least a decade and Italy might be divided into a northern state undez Piedmont and a southern state under Garibaldi. All these possible consequences were avoided by Cavour and his diplomacy undoubtedly iniated and allowed the movement for unification to run ita natural course. in 1860, thus making Piedmont, the worthy leader of the Italian Unification.

Questions next weeks

What were the domestic problems facing the Tsarist Government between 1904-1914? What measures did it take to solve them?

Explain how far the Triple aisance and its consequences helped cause the First World War,

五期星 日四十月一十年九六九一曆公年八十五國民華中

育僑華

中學入學試試題預習專欄

數學科

整數的性質

智慧出版社主編

(=)

(一)我們日用的阿伯數字是由0×1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9這些人數所組成。我們利由 拉憶,將那些要任意排列,便可表示任何大小的数目。故此,同一然款,當你值不憫,共政

不相同。例如

在516進個數中,「5」的他們過500.

在345洽個

「5」的位能過50

在27號個數

,「53的位他熱

MAKES

REAL ( 11 ) 2 −1-12 CARDS, HMCR1007 +02

C位線10007.如此對隹,但小數的位转却在小數點的右方,碩次篇十分之一位位提

100

F

1

.10

分之一位顧千分之一位C位()。駕游他大家明白位使实她们的關係,我們就 將33838(三萬三千三百三十三)这时分解開來。它是由三個1003,三個1000 三個100,三 「健:以及三国1即合,可用方式:

33333 2 10000-4-3 ×100043x100-4-3x1043×1

(REZZAR) • (man? » 4 0 8 10------ • ITSENIKAUT 數了問數),例如1931597x9.故此,最小的三位偶數是190,最大的兰位偶數是998,录 小的三位布则只101,最大的三位奇數是999

(三)約和政府部㫻的關係。如居聯是乙數的倍數,則之數必需甲然的約(因數)。敌 热天的約數可不能大於本身,最小的宫不能小於本身。下列方法可以檢定某數是否合有因數2+3> 5211

凡然之端传秀們,則起奔护照

3. HAAK

PRO5; PULL-RIS •

H數與的壓之稚,相選後年04月11特佛败,則此數合有因數11。

FRETZ 172100JAUNAVELY I

(1 + 2 + 3 + 5 5 7 × 11. 33 · 17 × 19 × 23 ▼ 294 31, 32, 41 · 43 · 47 ± 53 × 59 ×]

61 67 71 73 70 83.1.80 197

是一個數,除了能传1和本身整除外,湾銀其它的整政府除篮,並使是合成?¤謝4 638 91

12 in 14 1 15... ... •合成數可以用两個诉週以上的欺建來表示例如:

* 12 - 3 × 4552 x 61 x 122×2×3. 如果我齶綜合液购分解到候一江乘分子蒂店竹收時,便得到實因運雿式,例如

2

122×2×3FVK2×3

(元) 的照因追常式,北方洗用或發法或用因于徐定法,澄片隘棒些除原歔的贸因 跌,由小明天,歐發之,三條線前德之以舊實數正,此路數之運類式,無所求之鷹因歡迎乘

212 1.0

SERENDUS • HERZ

末 第51 有数50

5

練

N

1.73569 F31 ZARAGO

43B30-2300)

D2000

E1264-

在3073,一個(3)龙的第二個「3」之個相差多少? 43 B30 C300 D3000 - E 2997

·3, 765695r| › @_M:[5]ZIENZA [5]ZUMASYT

A 5000

B.1000C 500 1001500

A35 R25 €15,45 -E30

5.在望收體控訴,最大的個數胆最小的香政相差多少?

"A87 B69 C9RD89. E65

在被做二份數中,以最小的您救除混大的奇數,其餘數务少?

090 R.99 5.990 在下列五然跌中,何數只管數?

T999

P910117 R139 $221 T255

8.在下列五需印,向數與其他的數不同類?

P10

Q12 R13-15T18.

9.在下列五個中,何能整除459元找結果是質數?

03 R9 27 T17

下列們中,皆能整除600,試選出其中一個,要除得的結果篇數-

下列五個數中,向數不滿的借呢?

P4Q15 R24. $25 T75

·A·312 B411C611 D714 E915

A 121 B122164559 D71171 E6014

13.下列各款式中,那一個數式的裁果不是3的倍数?

12.下列五個數啦,有數不含有因理?

Allx3 B6x17 C316+3 D12-1-6 E64+2-1-1 14.下列各款式中,剩一個個式的蔬果是質數?

-42564-71 B6142 155–54-7 D2+4X 123

E168 +241)

15.下列各联式中,那一個數式的結果不是偶數?

A37x18÷-1

乙部計問題:

B261-2 C318-2 D34-1

考下列各题的果

A16.3720 [7] An

17.在三位數中,最小的五個偶數和是多少?

入18.110與122間的一個安數是有回救?

ᅀ19.由10起至20年,把所有的質數相加起來

20.R132ECIDO..

21.248 HESAPLA

22.在四位數中,最小的奇效與最大的偶數額是多少? 23.在一位腰中,最小的質數與报大的質數的玩烧多少? 24.18 16 35, 64XTR› T-60?

△25. 用31673175元個數字,組成一個最大的五位數。

26+用20973849元個數字,組成一個最小的五位偶數 A27•在101213,15,18各数中,有與其他各數不同類?

28.在200至301各愛中,有多少個數是含有因眼3?

29.在6160選惘緻中两個「6」的位值相差多少?

ABCDE

A B C D E

2:00000

ABCDE

3.☐☐☐

ABCDE

*

ABCDE

PQRST

6.02122

P Q R S T

7:00201

PQRST

PQRST

9.

PQRST

10.338

ABCDE

11.2003;

ABCDE

12.

AECDE

43.

ABCDE

14.00000

ABCDE

E7X11-2.15.BROSU

30.以两位数中最小的質數去除四位败中大的奇败,其结果是多少?

註:凡題次之能有「A」號者,均近年來中學入學兴之題目。」

ATENETUS999

80261

2.2.8,0

170

129569-4-44560-4AS"

569-4-4-404-569-441!

新習団 答案:

(1)C (2) A

8Q..

13 A (4) A (5) C

(9)T (10) Q 14) 74 (15) 800

16.

༤ བ བ བ བབས་

61R

1920

(11 100000 (12 >1520 1311 16.)517,150185.

(21)244149.2241:2 (22.1538,972, 7

(23) 8×200+5 1.25 1237) 5+ 7 + 4+ 5+7

24 1847 1844 (26)61427-08-

271++ (28-291-X (30)

(本補髪· 、三、五刊出)