1969-05-23 — Page 23

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英文中學會考

經濟及公共事務科試題答案槪)

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111) The information obtained can help in the

planning for the future of the country in auch developments as education, social welfare, industry, health, housing, culture eto. Town planners, industrialists, and Government can benefit from the information. Sometimes it is necessary to carry out a by census before another census takes place. A by-census concentrates on one or more district only, but never the entire country Its purpose is to check if there have been any changes in the population of a particula area since the last census; it can also pave the way for the big-count to carry out the necessary preliminaries and eliminate any obstacles; it can als new information on particulars that not sought for or had been overlooked in the last census; it can also sut BB sample or pilot survey.

(v) In Hong Kong the Cense and Statistics

Department is responsible for collecting. information about our population as well. as the carrying out of our population census, Statistics of people employed in industry are, however, compiled by the Labour Department.

B)(1) Four principal causes that can change the

population of a country are the birth-rata the death-rate, immigration and emigration; (11) Hong Kong's population has increased from

1,857,000 (in 1941) to 4,000,000 today. chiefly due to the problem of immigration Refugees from China have been steadily. coming into Hong Kong especially during the poet-war years. Other than refugees there are those are come to Hong Kong and. become naturalized citizens becauses of our economic growth. Higher standard of living in Hong Kong has also brought many people from Asia (chiefly Indonesia, Phillipines, Malaysia and Singapore) dong Kong..

Changes in population can also take place within the country. In 1961 it was discovered that certain areas in Hong Kong especially the Central Distriot and the tip of the Kowloon Peninsule were overcrowded, but today it is found that many people from these areas have moved elsewhere. This is explained by the rapid growth of industrial areus auch so Tsun Wan and Tsing-I and Ma. Wan islands. The attractions of the land can el o cause the fishing-folk to shift

sonu, as 19. happening now and this explains the drop in our fishing population (19) Between 1955 and 1963, our population

experienced a rapid increase and this is readily explained by the fact that more babies were born annually during that period However, should there be an increase in the death-ráte, the population, of course, would not be affacted. From 1956 to 1965 the l death rate in Hong Kong bad dropped from. 7.9 to 4.7. Advancements made in medicine" and improvements made in hospital treatment are the immediate causes of the steady, drop in Hong Kong's death-rate.

What. factura determine the Location o industry? Answer with examples from Hong Kong

A... (1) There are four factors that decide where

an industry is to be located. They are Availability of labours. Availability of power Presence of raw material. Nearness to market.

(1) The Central District on Hong Kong Island

has developed into a commercial centre because of the great concentration of business houses that give rise to the demand for blue-collar workers. Industrial areas, however, have in recent years grown up in the country where the presence of land makes it un economical ventures to start industry. Thus within a 'aatellite' town labour is available for the productive process.: Textile factories are therefore". located in places like Taun Wan and Castl Peak. (111) Semi-skilled labour 18 found in resettle-

ment areas and so most factories are found close to those areas such as the Choi Hung Detate, the Wong Tai Sing Estate and the Shek Kip Mei Estate. "Flatted factories. therefore prevail in resettlement estates (40) Although public transport is available

for the workers, much time is wasted an they have to travel over long distances to their pludes of work. Most workers. therefore, prefer to work near their domes and if near where they live is an industry for which they are not trained they can always pick up the skill for two reasoną i division of labour makes it possible for them to do. only a part of the entire industrial process, and besides they are eaaily adaptable to new jobs, Most of the inhabitants in Aberdeen are therefore trained to be fisherman, since Aberdeen from the early days of Hong Kong has sprung up as a fishing village.

{) The fish canning industry is loostad near Aberdeen because the source that supplies fish must not be too far away, otherwise. transportation costs can be very high. Another example is the presence of manane. industry within the areas where the res extracted.

(vi) Aa Hong Kong joka raw materiale,' the

location of industry does not strictly depend on the source that supplies materials, but it does take into. consideration the first factor.

(1) Products can be sold cheaply if

rke

for the products is not found too far away because when that happens the transportati costs are exorbitant. But this factor nas lost its original significance since most manufacturers today are aiming for world wide distribution of their products, and they do not mind how far the market is," að: long as there is a potential demand for their products.

(c) What different types of beaks can we have? Wha

are the functions of banku?

(1) Savings banke – they do very little banking

business other than the acceptance of deposits from customers. In some countries the post office has a department known as the post office savings bank which 18. exactly what a savings bank 13,

Commercial banka - also known as joint-. stock banks - they grant oredit to merchants and this is their specialty, although they alse do all kinds of banking business.

They specialize in the discounting of billa of exchange, although like the commercial banks, they do all kinde of banking business..

(iii) Merchant banks -

For

the monetary polio of the country,"and" exercise control over the commercial banks. Hong Kong dass not have a central bank, and that is why the Bank Ordinance. 1964 nas to provide a Banking Commissioner to supervise the manner the Local banks acnduct their day-to-day business

affairs

B. (1) Functions of banks the issus or notes

le.g. the Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corporation, the Chartered Bank and the Merchantile Bank Limited.}

(11) Advancing Loans to customers a form, of

creating credit- Keepa business, cycle going on industry can function all the time with the provision of capital. (ii) Acting agents for customers - providing

Services such as the purchase or sale stock-exchange securities: acting as trustees or executore foreign exchange business; the issue of travellers cheques. bank drafts etc,, acting as reference to firm seeking to obtain credit from another firm.

(iv) The provision or various

current and deposit.

BooountS savinga

5. (a) Describe how Bong Kong's exports aré nelped and facilitated by the work of the Commerce and Industry Department: What other trade and industrial organisations are responsible for the interests of local and international

traders in Hong Kong?

(1) The Department 188ues certificates, for

locally-made goods for export as well as imported goods for re-export. These trade certificates are Commonwealth Preference Certificates. Comprehensive Certificates of Origin and Standard Certificates which enable our goods to enter importing countriai irrespective of whatever restrictions or quota they may hava imposed on other dountries, or to have preferential tariff treatment as when our exports enter the British market, or to enter importing countries that have imposed a trade embargo on Bone country because of political "reason (11) Itetudien ne, regulations on trade adopted

by. conntries abroad which may affect our trade and recommends ways to avoid hardwhip or in certain circumstancea to retaliatë. Local exporters can always seek the advic

and guidance of the D.C. & 1.

(111) It settles minor diepustes between local

traders and overseas tradera, arising from their business deals.

1y) It maintains two offices- one in sydney

and another 10 London, to carry out publicity work for Hong Kong's exports. It corrects any leaccuracies in overseas newspaper's reporte about Hong Kong govas. It arranges local exporters" participation is foreign trade faire or exhibitions as in Seattle, Toronto, Frankfurt and Stockholm.

(v) It runs a library service so that

visitors can acquire information

exporta.

Τους

3. (1) Bong Kong Productivity Centre and Council

has helped to improve the quality of our ́exports i ́to adopt scientific methods of

· productionį to reduce cost of prodpotion į to recruit factory personnel. (11) Trade Development Council to help local

manufacturers to find new markets for their goods; to encourage and assist businessmen to do more effective publicity work abroad for Hong Kong's exports i to tell Government. How our trade can be protecțed and increased; "to encourage and help private enterprise and Government to work together in promoting our trade abroad.

111) Hong Kong Export Credit Insurance corpora- tion - insures Hong Kong's exporta against economic and political risks at low premium rates

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(iv) Hong Kong General Chamber of Commerce,

Indian Chamber of Commerce and the

Federation of Hong Kong Industri88 prevent goods not actually made in Hồng Long or poor-quality goods manufactured Locally from getting into our export trade, by 188uing trade certificates such as those 18sued by D.C. & 1. They also provide. information on Hong Kong's manufacturing industry in response to foreign enquiries Hong Kong Exporters' Association -- déale with export problems, and proteota the Colony's raputation as a flourishing, réliable commercial centre, and to foster Hong Kong's oversean" markets.

Chinese Manufactures Association foster Hong Kong's industry by nolding annual exhibitions of locally-made goods and by organizing trade missions to visit overseas countries to promote the sale or our productв.

[vii] Hong Kong Cotton panners Association

helps to develop and expand the Colony cotton textile

improved methodustry-

the

-introduces of production and aseka wider markets abroad for the products of

·Colony "e cotton mille; improve the working conditions and raise the standard of living of workers employed in the cotton textile industry,

(b) What advantages and disadvantages nas Hong Kong

in competing with other countries as a tourist centre? How do you account. for the fact that tourism is the second biggest industry in Honi Kong?: What possible measures can taken to improve tourism in Hong Kong?

be

(1) Convenient facilities for passengers to

embark ‘or disembark Ooean Terminal plan

example can nandle four, ocean-going linera at one time, and it has a platform, a pace of 190,000 square feet to handle the cargo; Kai Tak Airport has been modernized to keep pace with modern air travel with the completion of the new air terminal. (11) Sound and efficient banking facilities

Local banks have branches all over the world can handle tourists financial problems; tourists can also promote their business using our banking facilities. (111) Hong Kong 18 a Shopper's Delight - offers a comprehensive range of goods for travellere to select from; tailoring, jewellery, Chinese antiques and oriental delicacies are among the great variety of things available

also moderately priced.

B. (1) The chief disadvantage being that we have

only 6,000 hotel rooms, and obviously there 19 a shortage of accommodation for tourists. (11) We do not have a large convention hall for holding world or regional conferences; the

City Hall is too small.

iii). There are insufficient scenic attractions

for the touriata, Hawaii, for instance, has more to offer to tourists than Hong Kong. Our cultural activities are limited and we do not have internationally-famed artistes to perform nerej only once in a blue moon. a famous orchestra arrives to give a limited period of performances.

C. (E) In recent years, Hong Kong businessmen.

have realized the significance of diversification of industry. With tha threat of a possible future decline in our textile industry, we have started to 1MOFOVG our 1zaze abroad as an up-and-

coming tourist resort.

(11) The advantages Hong Kong has in competing

with other countries as a tourist centre have been capitalised."

(iii) Since 1958, with the satablishment of the

Hong Kong Tourist Association, our tourist facilities have been expanded and improved: by leaps and bounda; the Association had been training tourist guides and agents in an effort to develop Hong Kong into a modern city for holiday-makers and visitors; it has also ensured that those, working in the tourist trade do not come into conflict, - or duplication work, but work together for the benefit of all, it has also co-operated with overssas organı z➡ ations doing similar work in order to promote tourism

D. (a) Hong Kong needs a large convention hall" to'

hold international conferendas; an oceanarium; an indoor Olympio-size sporta z atadium; a large display 'gallery; more ultra-modern hotels; more shopping centrumjy more sight-seeing opportunities.

(11) The Kai Tak runway should be extended in

raadiness for the era of "Jumbo jeta.

(111) The processing of visitors at the Kai Tak

Airport, should" be improvedį more” Immigration Inspectors are required to. 'expedite the work.

(iv) Unscrupulous shopkeepers must de prosecuted,) otherwise they may scare off tourists in future.

v) More publicity work to propagate Hong Kong's.

new image na a tourist centre in foreign, countries

To o continued tomorrow).