1969-05-17 — Page 17

REFERENCE LIBRARY.

"

育教健菌

真三第張四第日二初月四年西己能說:

WAH KIU YAT PO 日橋

CITY:

夏僑

1969

天試題預習

CHASE

GEOGRAPHY (28):

52. Name two densely peopled regions and one sparasiy paopled region of the world and account for the population density in each.

Ane.

Two gensely peopled ragionas

1. China ·

2. North-kwoven waujo

One sparsely peopled region

the Amazon Basin

-The population in China concentrates the basins of the Hwang Ho, the Yangtza (particularly in Szechwan), the Sikiano and Manchuria (Manohurian Plain).

These river basins, consisting of level. lands in

the middle and lower courses of their river valleys are easily accessible and the construction of raçds and railways are not difficult. In another way, these level lands are important for growing crops to provide food for the population. Though various types of climate are experienced throughout the country as a : result of its large latitudinal extent and though average temperatures in the Hwang Ho Basin and Manchuria are comparatively lower, it is possible to grow cropa in summer. Needless to say, in the Yangtze and Siriang Basing their respective warm temperate climate and

nd sub-tropical climate permit much longer growing seasoné, Apart from these, their soils are very fertile alluvial (in Yangtze and Sikiang Basine) which is very suitable for rice growing, the Lossa in the Loess Plateau and the Chernozem in Manchuria are very suitable for growing wheat. The rich, mineral resources in Manchuria (iron and coal in particular) also encourage the government people there to develop these resources. Industrial activities in large cities such as Shanghai, Hankow, Tientsin, Chungking are another attraction to people because at least there is a better chance to get an employment. Finally the navigability of the rivers and easy coastwise. communication is another favourable condition.

HOITA-WESTern Europe: In N.W. Europe and central Europe dense populations are found in the highly industrialial areas of Britain, Belgium, N.E. France, and Germany. There is one thing in common in these dense. populations in that they have": developed around the coalfields. because coal nau been the most common power resource used in industries, Although Europe is a smaller continent and there is not much agricultural land yet agriculture in these countries is of an intensive and scientific type through their advance. development in science and technology. The temperate climate in these countries 18 an ideal: climate which is cool enough to encourage". activities throughout the year. Many of their rivers such as Danube, Rhone, Seine, Rhine, have much value in navigation, transportation and in the development of trade while the developmenta of road and railway systems are able to provide adequate and efficient transportat

Amazon Basin It 18 sparsely peopled because firzt of all it is covered by very donae equatorial forests and extensive areas of swamps which are a hindrance to the development of agriculture. and communication. Many places are thus hardly accessibles and in many occasions rivers may form the only maans of transportation. The danas tree growth, however, does not mean that its soil is fertile since soil is impoverished by the

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process of leaching as a result of its heavy rainfall. Meanwhile the hot and wet climate in enervating and harmful insects like mosquitoes, tze-tze flies are liable to bring diseases such as malaria, oboleza, and yellow fever. Industries. can hardly be established under auch adverse conditions to attract people to go there.

53. (a) Explain in detail two of the following

Ans

methods of farming: market gardening, shifting agriculture, transhumance.

b) Give the geographical factors which are

essential to the practice of plantation. se “iculture and same three commen plantation crops.

(0) Describe two ways by which soil can be

enriched

(a) Shifting agriculture

This practice of agriculture is naracterized by a rotation of fields by preliminary clearing by clash and burn and by short periods of cropping alternating with long fallow fields.

The method is usually practised by aborigines..in forested areas, As the name 01 the practice implies these people move from one place to another. When they come to a new place, they first burn the forest as that the land can be used for growing crops and the ash 18 used as fertilizer. Since these people are not educated people their methods of farming

́are backward, and only simple implements are

used. Besides, they do not know how to enrich the soil nor to conserve water. After two OT three years weeds have invaded their fields

the soil fertility declines so they unve

and

to move to another location to make now, clearings, Usually 30 years regeneration as needed to restore the fertility of the used patohas. Therefore after a number of shifte they may come back to the place they first. settled,

Transhumance

This is usually practised in mountainous countries such as Norway. Italy, involving a seasonal movement of animale. In summer. ae the climate. 18 warm, cattle are brought up to the higher pastures. During this time the lowlands are used for growing crops - food erop and some fodder crops when winter arrives, the cattle are prought down to the lowland and are kept indoors, feeding on the fodder crops and the scanty paature available

(D) Factore essential to the practice as

plantation agriculture

1. Cheap fertile, Land whyon 18 level, well- drained and with good communication to

ports on major shipping lines e.g. western coast of Malaya, S

Much capital 16 needed since there is a time-lag before the first return. Food for the workera is often imported though, there are some exceptions.

3. Large Labour supply is needed since most

of the work especially planting and harvesting 18 still done by hand. Soutn- east Asia 18 the suitable place for this practice an there is an abundant supply of cheap labour. Lack of labour Lea to the failure of the Fordlandia rubber plantation in the Amozona Basin. Three- quartare of rubber workers in Malaysia are Indian or Chinese and there are many Indiane on the tea plantations in East Africa, Juxtaposition of different races han at time brought much social friction. Transport facilities are of great importance with export crops especially with perishable fruits

aa bananas

Duch

So most plantations have coastal positions.

5. Efficient management is usually supplied

by Europeane e.g. doctors pest control and sozi experta sk

Continuous cultivation may lead to soli exhaustion.

7. Clean weeding may lead to leaching and

soil erosion.

3. Rapid spread of pasta and diseases will

affect the production. e.g, diseases has reduce Ecuador's shore of world coooá sxports from 30% to 40%.

HALL 六期星 日七十月五年九六九一腊公年八十五國民蓋中

9. Overproduction certainly lowers the worid

market price.

10. There are political dangers in establi an alien community in the territory of another country, elg, Chinese and Indians now out number native Malay- in Malaya,

£4. Illustrate with actual examples how the factors i of powar, labour, transportation and market keep to determine the localization of a manufacturing industry today.

Power

The industrial areas of the world are concentrated is a * power. belt' which includes eastern United States and Canada, industrial Europe and European Russia. These industrial aream first developed around the coalfieldı and it is. obvious in thị lunr coalfield of West Germany (Europe's largest), in the Polish coalfield (called the upper Silesia,. In the United States the biggest centres of heavy industries are stil near the Pennsylvania Coalfield at Pittsburgh or the cities of the Great Lakes. Today with the increasing use of other forms of power aucti, a5 petroleum, natural gas, water power, this tendency has disappeared. Generally, industry today, is able

power more efficiently and the transport of the new fo_ms of power is much cheaper thân thể transport of coal. The, cheap patroleum and natural gas from Los angeles oilfield have helped. to develop the industries of California. Yet in New England which lacks in raw materials, the gasz availability of water power 18 one of the main reasons for its importance as an industrial region.

to

However, in certain inqustries, a specific type of power 1s used and as is not replaceabi for example coal 18 used in iron and steel. industry and the aluminium smelting industry. neada cheap electricasy as at Kıtamat in British Columbia, a site hundred of miles from other industrial centres,

The How the industry may be located with respdet to the source of power and fuel depende upön" the nature of the industry and its energy and heat requirements and upon the relative costs of theës elemente from different sources.

Labour

Industries are usually established near existing towns and populous areas where it is possible to obtain the necessary labour supply unless there, is enough capital to employ distant labours. The cotton textile industry in New England has suffered increasingly from competition from the development in the cities in the south (Atlanta, Columbia, Greenville) not only because they are near to the ray material but also because there is a large supply of relatively cheap labour and a rapidly growing market.

This factor is important whatsoever, but ont To the extent as it formerly was. Though some types of manufaötüre require skilful labour trained to special operation, the fnorsaing mechanization and simplification of industrial process tend to reduce the dependence of indust established 'group of workers.

upon an

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中中會考專欄化學科 (廿八 )。林錫衡。

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C12 H22 011

CUSOR SHIO

III置换作用

(1)鉀、鈉鈣與冷水作用放出。

* Na+ H2O→

氣

(2)鉄等次活潑金蛋與水蒸氣作用生

氣

ta: Fe + H2O→

(3)較氬活潑之金蛋可自稀酸置换氣,

·Mg + HCI-

如

(4) 鹵素之較活潑者置換較不活泼者

ba: C/2+ KI→

(5)較活潑金螢置換較不發者,

the Alt Fe2O3 →→

Mg + Hg (NO3)¬

III複分解作用

(1)硫酸與塩類作用可製具他霞

M2 SQ4+ NaCl →

H2 SO2+ NaNO →

(2)碳酸鹽或碳酸氫蓋放入酸中放出

氣。

N22 CO2+ HCl →→

(3)酸與基作用中和生成

HCI + CuO →

H2 50+ NaOH - (4)硫化物加酸生成

FeS + HCl → >銨盤加鹼生成

(6)硫化物椒焼成 Fes2ta →

(2)有些醬類溶液互作用生成沉澱。

AgNO3 + Na C/-

Back + K2 SON →

複麹井七解答

I

(b) d (3)

(3) d

II. (1)可逆反應

(4) C

(2)濃度、温度、歴力、砕裂與攪拌

光能、催化劑

(3)濃度、溫度、壓力

(4)右移

(5) 2、温度減低、壓力減小

6、温度減低、壓力加大

Transport

This affects in numerous ways and actually anvolves most of the other deciding factors. Since it is important in the movements of raw materials and finished products, the more efficient, cheap and dependable these means of transport become, the greater is the tendency for manufacture to consentrate in' irent, providing an advantage in this respect. The line of industrial towna ân thể

Hudson-Mohawk Valley from Buffalo, through Rochester, Syracause, Utica, Troy, and Albany 18 an indication of the importance of a routeway. ia also not accidental that the great manufacturig. region of America and Europe lies at the end of the most used ocean route of the North Atlantioi When an establishment is located nearer to the market than to the souros of raw material; there is commonly a transportation advantage and it is frequently cheaper to transport the raw materials than the finished products,

Market:

Exospt in the case of certain heavy inqustries like iron and steel and chemiosla it appears that market is attracting industry towarda” itself, and it is now one of the most important factors operating on the 1pcation of industry. In particular, light industries producing consumer) goods are found near the centre of their marketa to reduce distribution coat. In addition there is a certain advertising advantage in populous areas, Not only do the existing centres of population provide markets for the products that can be distributed but also they provide a plentiful supply of skilful or semi-skilful labour. Great concentration of people do not necessarily constitute a market; if that were so, the heavily populated areas of Asia would be the world's greatest market. People plus purchasing power are required to constitute s market and this combination is found again in the industrial areas of the world especially North America and Europe.