RETEREM E LIBRARY
1969
頁三第張六第日四十月三年西己歷夏 WAH KIU YAT PO
C文中學會考試題預習
地理科
(E) 劉玉領。
GEOGRAPHY (27)
50. Write an explanatory account on each of the
following:-
(a) European countries import large quantities of
oil..
(b) Water power is not well developed in South-
Bast Asia although there are large potentials.* (c) Coal is found in sedimentary rocks.
Ans. (a) Among all the countries in Europe excluding
European Russia, most of them have little oil reserve, except Romania, west Germany and Netherlands which totally produce only 2% or the world's output. Though the United Kingdón. produces about 80,000 tons a year, this represente less than one ten-thousandth part of the world's production. As there is also a reduced production in coal from the nearly exhausted fields, oil has to be imported for various uses. In those highly industrialized countries such as West Germany, United Kingdom,† a large amount of oil is required to provide power for their industries. Transport facilities like motor cars, aeroplanes, trains, ships consume large quantities too. Moreover, in the oil refining industries. Various products can be extracted, for example, Karosine, alcohol, paraffin wax, disial oil, and one of these can be used a raw materiels for chemical industries producing synthetic fibres and plastics. Unlike coal, pil is not bulky and can be easily handled when it is imported. Thésa ars the reasons explaining why so much oil is imported into the European countries.
(b) There are favourable physical conditions for
developing water power in South-East Asia. Rivers flowing down the steep-sided young fold mountains are sufficiently powerful to tarn the bydraulic turbine. Besides, the wet season throughout the year keep the rivers running all the year round, so that a piant can operate without stopping. Unfortunately, the development of most countries is still on an agricultural basis, together with their low standard of living industrialization is on an infant stage that there is little demand for water power except in some large citise, for exemple, water power is used gold- amelting industry in Kanala Lumpur. In the dense equatorial or tropical monsoon foreste, the swampy lands, and the steep ended river valleys, many areas are hardly accessible and transportation is a serious problem. - Meanwhile the enervating hot and wet climate, the abundance of insects and wild animale “in many places discourage white people to ge there. Lacking in technical knowledge capital the local people can seldom run projects of such a scale without foreign technical and. financial aide. That is why water power is not. well developed though there are large potentials.
(c) If thin slices of coal are examined under
the microscope, they are Been to be composed. of the remains of plant materials, representing the compressed remains of former swamp forests. Swamp forests were particularly widespread in the Carboniferous period of the geological history. As time went on these trees died and fell into the swamps, bater they were' covered with sand and silt which were brought down by various agents as a result of denudation. These sediments exerted pressure on these forest remains, changing them into coal. As the land continued to subside, the procese of growth of Bwamp forest and burial would
'repeat over and over again. But each stage.
might well have lasted a million years or more. Therefore we find layers of coal at different levels. Coal seams are interbedded in layers of sedimentary rocks because both are formed when they are compressed by pressure exerted by their own weights,
FORMATION OF COAL
報日僑華
Ane.(a) The iiscovery of aluminium and the use of
its of recent date. There has been an:" extraordinary increase in the world'sZE
六期星日十月五年九六九一公年八十五國民華中·育教僑華
production from less than 1/4 of a million ton
in 1930 to nearly 4 million in 1962. This results from several special qualities including its lightness, its strength compared with its weight, especially when alloyed with small quantities of other metals the ease with which if its alloy can be worked, its ability to resist corrosion, and lastly, its high electrical, conductivity. Thus it is principally used in the making or transport vehicles, such as ships as well as road vehicles and aircrafts, as well as in- long distance. electricity transmission linea in domestic equipments such as kettle, sauce pana, washing machines.
The important producers of bauxite, the ore which contains aluminium, are Jamaic (of the world's total), U.S.S.R. Br. Guiana, Dutch Guiana, France, U.S.A. (in Arkansas). The extraction of aluminium from bauxite is still not easy since énormous quantities of electricity are needed is.
available. In nearly every case, alumini,,.
works are situated where electricity can be obtained cheaply, usually from water power.
In those under-developed tropical countries water power is not well developed, so the biggest producers are the dietant industriai ized countries of U.S.A. (Tennessee Valley, Washington, Oregon and near Niagara Falls), Canada (Arrida and Shawinigan Falls as well as in Kitimat). U.S.S.R. and to a lesser extent, several European States such as West Germany, France (in the Pyrenees) and Norway.
....
(b) In all mining activities, there are the "
goegraphical and economic factors which help to decide whether the ore-body wortha to be exploited,
Geographical conditions -
1. The bore
The quality and quantity of the ore and the working conditions in the mine are matter of prime importance because they greatly affect the cost of production. The importance of the Northern Appalachian coal field is partly due to its high quality and the ease in taking the mineral out from the outcrops on the sides of valleys where streams have out deeply into the surface of the plateau. Low grade ores are not worthy to be worked unless under exceptional political conditions. e.¿. the low grade iron ore in lower Saxony.
2. Conditions of mining
Whether the ore can be reached by open-cast: method or deep mining is also of great importance. The latter requires the sinking of shafti a slow and expensive process. Other facilities like the install- ation of winding and pumping machinery, the laying of underground railwaу₦
ventilation and lighting are also required. Other local factors such as the strength of the roof, availability of mining propa and water flowing in from rock cavities nave to be considered too.
1. Transport facilities.
This is particularly important when mining is carried out in remote and sparsely populated areas. Unless the ora
is processed near the mine, the movement of it to the dressing plant will be dependent on the transport facilitied available.
4. Labo
abour
Ly
Since metalliferous mining Le carried on in areas by no means densely populated areas except in South-east Asia it can not be said that the supply of labour is not a matter of serious concern Special allowance makes white labour expensive in most cases and native labour is cheap, and is often inefficient.
Economic Factors:
1. Capital
"Most forms of mining today require a heavy capital; investment in the pit and in various facilities. A small ore body might; not attract such an investment except that
接第四張第二百
一九六九年的
考試題預
化學科
(二十七)
·林錫衡·
(8)17 18
-69) 17
17,20
(10) (1) 1973
(11)
(I)核子數(質子中子總數)
(ii) 電子數(
(り) 電子数
(2)氣 5.0.
(૨)
+18
•±18.
+7 152 252 2p3.
(4)
+38 150
15, 25, 2p2 352 3p. 45, 3d 4p 55
[= (1) Mg+ [ C[:]]
(3) H * Br.
(5 H
15. 252 2p 35, 3p6
+82 £126
152 252 <p2 352 3p6
452 3d 4p 553 4d 5p: 652 44' 5d': 6p2
,
• [K], [S]
(4) Nat [OH]
(0);
:ci:
(1)電鍵 (2) 電鍵 (3) 共價鍵 (4)電償及共儒鍵と
(5) 電價、共價及配位鍵】「(6)共價鍵
(/) Mg, 2, 8, 2
(2)
Ca.
2, 8.8.2
Sr. 2, 8, 18, 8;
以S.最活潑
AS, 2, 8, 18:51
se, 2, 8, 18, 6.
Br. 2, 8, 18.7 以er 最活潑
五、硼、矽: 鍺 砷子
銻钋鋁鋅 等元素稱两性元素。它們的性質與金蛋 相似,但亦有些性質類似非金蛋。它們的 氫氧化物性質似鹼能與酸中和,但遇鹼時
·又能構成酸根
六在週期表中B至四族IBIB族元素 蒜過渡性元素,如錢錳铁鈷鎳、銅、鋅 等显。
它們的原子結梓中有最外層及最外次層 電子不飽和。
它們的化學性質之特點
(1) 呈多種原子
(2)易成複盤
(3) 其掹類多呈特别颜色
(4)它們的性質彼此差異較族元素為
SWAMPY FOREST.
FORECT COVERED BY SAND
(51. (a) For what reasons has aluminium suddenly
become such an important matal and why is the production of the metal so often widely distant from the sources of the ore?
(b) Discuss briefly the factors which influence
all mining activities.
the ore is of extremely high grade. It is probably true that the world's minerals are obtained from what may be termed large deposits.
2. Market
Kinerals deposits are worked because there are demands for them. The growing electrical industry during the present century has encouraged the mining of copper though the mineral content in the ore is low sometimes. The aircraft industry also consumes - a considerable amount of aluminiumţ the development of alloy steels Kae stimulated a demand for metals such as tungaten, nickle and cobalt.
3. Polotical consideration and government
interference
Minerals of military importance are mined when they are needed without considering their qualities .g, Germany developed her low grade iron during the war, England1a wolfram, Romania's oil, Japan's copper and Canada's uranium,
"Government may interfere when for
example, improper disposal of rock waste or uncontrolled mining causing landslide may affect the cultivated land down the hill slope such as the case in Ma On Shan; or contaminated water from the mine is liable to infiltrate into a reservoir as in the case of the wolfram mine in Needle Hill.
Questions for next week.
52. Name two densely peopled regions and one sparsely,
peopled region of the world and account for the population densities in each.
53. a. Explain in detail Two of the following methods
of farming, market gardening, shifting agriculture, transhumance..
b. Cive the geographic factors which are
essential to the practice of plantation. agriculture, name three common plantation cropa.
c. Describe two waye by which soil can be
enriched.
154. Illustrate with actual examples how the factors
of power resources, labour, transportation and market help to determine the localization of ú manufacturing industry today.
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