1969-04-12 — Page 23

育教僑華莫三第張六第日六廿月二年齋己腦

WAH KIU YAT PO

報日橋筆

六期星 日二十月四年九六九一番公年八十五國民華中

1969AFUNZ

地

(廿三)

劉玉領。

GEOGRAPHY, (23)

42, (a) Write an explanatory account on the formation

Ans

of each of the following:

1. Trade winde and westerly winds

2. Chinook

(b) What 18 meant by the "swing of the wind systems"?"

Explain how it affects the climate of California.

(a) 1, Trade winde and westerly winds

In equatorial regions where the midday sun is never far from the vertical, “intense. beating occurs throughout the year, causing air to expand become lighter and therefore rise. The warm air then flows laterally towards the poles, At about 30° latitude, air becomes cooled and it begins to descend. The surface winds then blowing towards the equator where atmospheric pressure is comparatively lower are the Trade winds, a result of the earth's rotation, the winds blow from the North-east in northern -

nemisphere, forming the N.E. Trade, and in southern hemisphere, the winde come from the south-east, forming the S.E. Trades.

As air descends from the 30 latitude and flows equatorward forming Trade winds, part of the descending air flows poleward. forming the westerly winds. Again, being influenced by the earth's rotation, the westerly winds come from the south-west in northern hemisphere while in southern hemisphere the westerly winds come from the North-west,

FORMATION

WINDS

Chinook

OF TRADE WINDS WESTERLY WINDS

NW. WIND

"It is a type of warm dry Fohn wind experienced along the eastern side of the Rocky mts. in Canada and the U.S.A..

It originates from the onshore westerly winda blowing towards the Rocky at. from the Pacific. After rain has fallen on the windward slope, the dry wind blows down the leeward elope. As air descenda ita pressure increases, thus the wind is warm- and dry.

The Importance of the wand is that it Taises the temperature of the Central Plains of North America, melta and dries up the winter snow and so makes grazing possible throughout the winter. It is thus of major economic importance especially in the pastoral regions from 5. Colorado, U.S.A. as far as the low Mackenzie River in Canada,

FORMATION OF

Glinoole

·RAIN

Abjcky the Soon 'Haw

(b) The tilting of the earth's axis has caused the apparent movement of the overhead sun. The region over which the sun shines is a belt of greatest heat from which the planetary wind system originates. The position of the planetary pressure and wind belts follows that of the sun, thus in summer they migrate slightly. northwards and in winter slightly southwards, The movement is known as the swing of the winu evatema

California roughly lies batween 30°N and 40 . In summer as the sun shines over the northern hemisphere, causing the wind belts to migrate slightly northwards, it is under the influence of the N.E. Trades. Since California is on the western side of the continent the N.E. Trades are offshore winds which do not bring any rainfall. In winter, as a result of the wind belts. shifting slightly southwards, California lies in the westerly wind belt. The south-westerly winda are rain-bearing onshore winds. Thus California has a hot dry summer and a mild wet winter.

43. On a sketch map of the world locate examples of

the following:

an equatorial forest

a tropical monsoon forest.

s cool temperata grassland

s tropical desert

For each of them describe the characteristic

features of the vegetation and show how they are related to the climate of the region.

(a) Equatorial Forest

HII Tropical ManzooN FOREST

EQUATORIAL FOREST

[33] COOL TEMPERATZ GRACILANI

TROPICAL PEKERY-

In an equatorial forest, trees grow to- a great height and the forest is luxuriant. The growth of trees is both rapid and continu Que because the climatic conditions are ideal 1.e. high temperatures and heavy rainfall throughout the e year. The tress always maintain an evergreen nature because there is no dry

Beason so the leaves do not

shed

Besides, its climate permits a variety species of trees to exist and often

species may be separated from a similar one by hundred of different species; Most of the

branches and large evergreen leaves are at the top of the trees where light air are available Canopies are thus formed, preventing sunlight to reach the forest floor where it ia dark and gloomy. Therefore there is very little undergrowth except along river banks and eage of the, forest. But many of the tall trees are used by climbing plants such as rattan, whi oh are also striving to reach light and air,

Tropical Monsoon: Forest

The trees in a tropical monsoon forest are broad-leaved deciduous trees and this is. influenced by a distinct dry season during which the trees shed their leaves. As climatic conditions are not as favourable as in the

are not equatorial forest, its tree growth is less dense, and trees are more widely spaced. There are also fewer species and a dense undergrowth is common because sufficient light can reach the forest floor. The undergrowth consists of woody thickets, and shrubs. Olimbing planta are few.

{e) Cool Temperate Grassland:

A temperate grassland consists of a continuous cover of short tufted grass which is green in summer and brown in winter. In this region because it is far from the sea, experiences continental climate (hot summer and very cold winter). Rainfall is small; in most places it is less than 20" and less than. 50% of the precipitation comes in winter. This amount is insufficient for tree growth. but trees may occur where ground water is available. Grass grows in summer when most of the light rain falls. In winter, the grass. dies down as it is too cold.

(d) Tropical. Desert

The climate in a tropical desert is hot and dry throughout the year because it is under the influence of the off-shore trade winds all the year round Aridity restricts

ita vegetation to such an extent that a complete plant cover may be absent. Usually vegetation occurs in small patches and is controlled by the appearance of water. Each

plant may also be separated from its neighbours by a considerable distance: In Some areas there may be no vegetation cover for several seasons. A desert may receive rain from occasional showers. After raining. short scrubs, flowers and other xerophilous plant bloom rapidly but will die a few days later as a result of intense evaporation in day times

Questions for next week's

44. The map of Aɣrica snows, four climate stations

marked A, B, C, D. On the mapi-

(a) State for each of the four stations on

the line provided.

(1) the type of climate.

(ii) the period or periods or maximum

rainfall over the year.

(b) On the anewer paper

(1) explain the distribution of rainfall at

each of the stations.

(ii) State briefly the difference between

the annual ranges of temperature at and D.

一九六九年中文学會考試題預習力

化學科 (廿三)

林錫衡•

複習題二十三

複習項目

金屬通性及活潑次序

工填-

(1)金屬氧化物是

類,若能溶於水則成 類;非金屬氧化物多呈 性溶 於水而成. 類,前二類與後一類作 用成

(2)金屬元素的價電子一般。 於4故易 成 離子, 非金屬元素的價電子 般 於4故易成 離子

(3)兩種金屬熔融成合金後其熔點 較兩種

延展性較

金屬為硬度較

傳導性較

ᄑ列舉適合下列條件之金屬各二種

(1)能與冷水作用

(2)不能與水但能與水蒸汽作用

(3)只能與酸作用置換出氫氣

4)只能興氧化性酸作用

(5)只能溶於王水

(6)其氫氧化物能溶於水

(7)能以還療法治鍊者

(8)要用電解法治錬者

亚寓出下列反應方程式及現象若無作用則

寓出理由

(1)鋅片投入硫酸銅溶液

(2)氯化铁與銅片

3釼投入水中

(4) 氣化鉄通以氧化磯

複習題二十二解答

I(1)硫化亞鈇. 硫化氢硫化鉛

(2)二氧化錳

(3) 氧化銅

IIA寔氧化銀

BAR Cl

是氧氧化銅 Cu(ON)

D是氧氧化

Do Cu (NH3)a(OH)2

E是硫化銅

Cus

*

$1650

Cull

Cu(NO3)

ZAGCIL

2 AgCl

२५

AgCl + 2NH4OH -

Ag (NH3), C) + 2H2O

Call2+ H2504 (##)

(5)

CuCl2+ 2H2SO2 (V)

Ми

(6)

(8)

CuSO4 + MASO4 +2H2O + CQ

Cu(OH), +4NH4OH → Cu(NH3), (OH) +4H20 CuCl + H2S→→RHCl + CUS V

VII: A 是硝酸铵 NHaNO3 BLE W3 √20

HNO

E是=氧化気NO F是-氧化氮 vo

(1) NH2NO3 + NaOH → NaNO3 + NH ↑ + H2O

4

(2)

NH4NO3

- H2SO4 + 2 H20 +ENQ 1

(3) NH4NO3 + H2SO4 + NHANSO2T ANOT ())

) S+6HNO 15) 3 Cu+ 8 HNO; → 3 Cu(NO), +4H20+2NO↑ (6) 2 NO + Q2 >2 NO2

CANCER

TROPIC CAPRICORN

45. Choose two of the following crops? wheat. maize,

rice. For each of the two chosen:

(a) State the geographical conditions needed for

the growing of the crop.

(b) Locate by means of a sketch map an important

exporting area, marking and naming a port. (c) Name one country which imports a lot of the

Grop. [A

(d) Examine the world trade or the commodi