1969-03-30 — Page 15

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REFERENCE LIBio

1969 FUNZ

經濟及公共事務科 (二十一)

舒敏:

Beonomie & Public Affairs

Lecture No. 21

By K.M.

Answers to the Questions in Exercise No.19

Question: (1) that new policies were brought out in the

1969 Budget?

Government will for the first time plan to spend more than 42,000 million over the next (1969-70) financial year. Education and social services will get the lion share of the proposed increase in expenditure.. Among the other main items of Government expenditure ar medical services, police, housing, immigration, suxiliary and defence services, public works (which inlude building projects and reclamation) and water supply.

An organized system of public assistance for beza. Joor will be introduced by the Government. Under this

ystem if the income of a family falls drastically sucu sa through the illness or death of the family's breadwinner, Government will provide a direct ex gratia subsidy (either in cash or kine) to enable the family meet their basic needs, Government will continue to subsidize the family's income until the family's original income is possibly restored.

Government is also going to study the possibility or establishing a system of social (or national) insurance as is available in Great Britain. Under this system, the insured will pay premiums to cover the commoner type of risks - such as sickness, occupational accidents, unemployment or death. The premiums will be paid partly by the employers and artly by the employees. "However, it is not expected to be introduced next year. Till it is introduced, the poorer sections of the community must depend on public assistance, which differs from social insurance, in that the poor receive the benefits which do not come from their contributions as they do under social insurance.

n the past, public assistance came from money generously contributed by voluntary organizations: abroad. Government hopes to wholly sponsor this systar and to widen the eligibility of the poor to receive such assistance, so that more can benefit from this system, and at the same time improve the methods of providing the financial help.

Urban Council's finances should be separated froz Government's finances in order to give the former a separate budget to be approved by the Legislative Council, and to allow the Urban Council to raise its on revenue and to have greater power to organize its:

expenditure.

Improving the living conditions in Hong Kong 1s another important, policy of the Government. Many slummy

as are expected to be cleared. There are also

eme created by divided ownership of multi-storey,

ags, and Government hopes to Implement a new

to enable Government to take over ownership or premises where breaches of the lease conditions:

multi-storeyed buildings are very poorly and it is Government is intention to allow flat. owners to manage the building on a voluntary basis instead of the landlord of the building,

The question of Chimass marriages will also be tackled. The new policy is to allow Chinese residents in Hong Kong to choose their own marriage ceremonies and to enable such mrriages to be legally recognised. át the same time. certain outdated forms of marriage will be legally abolisbed

Government expects to spend about $1.3 million annually on various grants to help needy students at the university. The question of whether to provide grants or loans repayable by easy instalments will also? ɔs closely studied, since it ie dvious that may graduates are unable, if not umrilling, to pay back tow debt that has enabled them to complete their university education. As the rates of taxatim are very low here, it is improbable that university graduates will be able to return this 'debt' in the form of taxation,

Post-primary school will be sat up for thos children in the 11-15 age group, who after their pr

education do not intend to study in secondary schools where courses leading to the School Certificate Examination are offered. Such schools will offer a 3•, year re-vocational course to teach these children practical skills to enable them to be employed in loca industry. The school curriculum will be half academic and half practical and entry to a post-primary school does not depend on passing the Secondary School Entranu. Examination

The Morrison Hill Technical institute will be upon soon to relieve some of the basic or juntor courses now offered at the Hong Kong Technical College. Government expects to open one or more such institutes as skilled workers are today needed in our industrial axpansion; technical education should therefore be expanded,

Another policy of Government is to make available an éided primary education as soon as possible. By reducing education costs parents can afford to send their children to school.

Labour, legislation will also be considered and studied by Government and it is expected that while it is impossible to pass all the bills affecting labour at one time, some will be enacted next year to promote economic justice. Korkmen's compensation is expectac Ito be improved.

Another new policy of the Government is to consider, the legalization of mini-vans which have since the disturbances of 1967 been providing a convenient for of transport for those who wish to travel. Travelling or a mini-van is slightly more expensive than by bus, but cheaper than by taxi. Present indications are that khay will most likely be legalized soon.

Government is hopeful of getting som auccess in [stamping out corruption in Hong Kong. This can be done

by changing present legislation on 'corruption by

30 MAR 1969

CITY HALL

KIU YAT PO

giving Government more power and flexibility in checking civil servants suspected of corrupt practices. It is expected that a new disciplinary code that is being

prepared will be subsequently adopted.

usation 2) Explain the principal factors that affect

changes in the population of a country. "Answer: +

The principal factors that are responsible for any increase or decrease in the population of a country are the birth rate, the mortality rate and the flow of emigrants and immigrants.

These four factors may be influenced by sociologide or economic developments, and even political changes can exert a certain amount of influence on these factœs,

By far and large, if the size of a family is sraditionally kept large, the population in the country is bound to be large. In Hong Kong most Chinese believe that the larger the family the more fortunate they are. This beller is, however, gradually superseded by western thought that the smaller the family, the fewer them responsibilities of the parents and the greater will be the happiness, of everyone in the family.

Among the illiterate people, the size of a family still remins frightfully large, as is apparent when one visita resettlement estates, farms in the new Territories and the fishing villages of aay Aberdeen or Shaukeiwan. Edusatád people often keep their families amall.

This is explained by the fact that edcuation nas taught one that life does not and with marriage with" the view of raising a large family, but that in life there are many other virtuous things to do. Logically ignorant people have no desire for intellectual purauita such as reading, discussions and music appreciation. Family planning is today taught to many newly married couples. As a result of a great deal of publicity being given to this subject, the birth rate za dropping gradually. The average number of birth risarded is 100,000 per years

Sometimes a high birth rate does not cause the population to grow. This is due to the number of dearna that take place, which can offset the number of births. In Hong Kong the mortality rate has been dropping as is true in most advanced countriss today, as a result of Abe immense strides that have been made in western" medicines. Res

Medical facilities in Hong Kong have been lage dred] considerably since the establishment of the Queen Elizabeth Hospital, The infant mortality rate is on the

Average 23.7 per 1,000 live births, and the materna): mortality rate is 0.33 per 1,000 total births. Ten years ago the infant mortalityrate was 60.9 and the maternal mortality rate 0.90. Thus, it is obvious the the low death rate is partly responsible for our -increasing population.

Aa diseases continue to strike the population, tuberculosis and cancer being the chief killers in Hong Kong, medical authorities have provided treatment and have introduced preventive measures to combat them, and deaths resulting from diseases are no longer a threat to us, although, of course, the battle against sickness is not yet over.

Wars in Vietnam and the political situation in postwar China had caused many refugees to come to Hong Kong, thus increasing our population considerably. These refugees brought their families along and soon many homes were permanently established here. This explain the great amount of money spent by Government on the construction of resettlement estates and it als¢ explains the rapid growth of slum areas in the Colony.

Then there are also those who are keen on investing their capital in our industrial expansion, having learnt of our spectacular change from an entrapot te an enviable manufacturing centra. These businessman do not arrive in tens or hundreds but thousands since j the early fifties, and they have more or less made Hong Kong their homes. Thus the number of immigrants that come

6 Hong Kong has a great bearing on changes in population.

On the other hand, there are people who live Hong Kong to settle in overseas countries. These peopim can cause our population to drop considerably if a great number of then suddenly think of moving elsewhere, as many did in 1967 when the disturbances broke out, However, in recent months, many of those who left that year have returned after discovering the difficulty of settling down in new lands,

If there is in economic depression in Hong Kong businessmen may turn to the attractions of countries abroad, They may transfer their capital elsewhere, an, if the other countries offer better living comitions

their whole families may likewise leave Hong long for good, labour, too, is mobile, and workers haw been known to apply for visas and working permits from other · countries, in order to start a new life, Thus dconomia changes in the country can cause either an imrease in the nuber of immigrants or a drop in the number of emigrasta. -

When a country experiences political instability there is a tendency for people to move out of the country as fast as they can. Here in Hong Kong, our political stability, except for the disturbanes of 1967, has been the chief factor in keeping Hong Kon residents in Hong Kong, on the other hand, it has attracted many people from politically=troubled countries.

Students may leave the country to study abronaz and duting their absence the population will experience a slight drop, but there are times wrELA students take up new citizenships in other countrie and so they have gone for good, in which case the population will never regain them and will remain le

Exercise No. 20.

Editor's Note: So far we have attempted to show ou

readers the way questions in Ssation i are answered in the School Certificate Examination. The following are questiou "of 's different nature, which appeared

in the Certificate of Educati Exazination, 1968.)

十三三年九六九一等公八十五國民孝中

(搜第四張第二頁)

一九六九年中文学考試題!

生物科

養分面生活,此營養方法桶”

·萇愛桐·

有顯細菌能利用某些能(直接利用陽光能或網菌分 酵素促進某蛟物産生化学変化の産生的能)以合 自然界的黑糖質而成薄機續作食物,此蟹养方法稱

有多類疾病的细雨,其外團更色著一層黏液性的 ※此顯菌對環境抵抗力較高

當環境惡劣時夕酸细菌於美细胞内自慰合成- 球形 或卵圆形之形体,外具一四厘的膜此刑体稳。 抵抗惡劣環境

病原 肺炎病原屬 世人体本身有

_默细菌、肺結核病原屬三 狀細菌,回歸熱病原屬,

能防禦病原体

狀細薦

狀

所謂發酵是由於酵素促進 17. 所謂腐敗是由於酵素促進

合物分解之遏程精之

分解之邊程精之 .变或其他金

前期練習解答

大腹神經索,“神經下血管,一角質膜10表皮11環 ANA 12 ARRANA 13 DIEM 141 £16 UTI

7.消化腔启刚毛 11外圓神經20体堡4期寳腰

4 表皮23 環肌房 124縱肌膚 25圈腔膜 26.糍瘲腥 口感豐細胞,20威光細胞,29環肌纖維,30縱肌纖 雄补血管

4** KLIMENETEALAES 20 OTH1 收集体腔液之氮廢物經此管通至腎孔排出体外 ********ALLADYFLITIMA

体外

嘴孔。由腎管收集微血管之氨魔物連同弊漏斗收集体

腔液之氮廢物經曜管由此孔排出体外

6盲道帯養有間が食物と接觸因西から海漬

化液之面積及吸收之面積

6黏液腺分泌黏液使身体经常保持潤滑使空氣中之 氧&皮膚微血管中之CO, 可於皮膚中進行擴散交換氣 体而呼吸,此外皮膚潤滑與行動亦有間一

7感覺細胞:分佈於体之前端或後端較多,此類細胞有 感覺神經纖維逹接、細胞靠外一端尖細,突出角質膜 外可戚外來之刺激。

马感光細胞:分佈於口前葉,体前端環節及體後端之肚環 節較一細胞内有一類似透銑え部分能把光る刺 激傳至戚覺神經末梢,故有感光作用:

環節:2.左右相箱 3.口口腔、咽頭食道嗉囊形 胃腸盲腸肛門、4級肌環肌,血紅景 閉鎖つ麻弓 8 携散 皮膚 9,10周美 角膜表皮、肌肉層圏腔膜は十四十五十大、

(Section 4* (40 marks)|

Give short answers to all the questions in this Section, Answer the questions in the order given. Leave one line between each rart of a question. Do NOT copy out the question.

(a) What do you mean by mobility of labour? (b) Which is the biggest market for Hong Kong'►

textile products and which is the most valuable.

auctor in our textile industry! What is a latter of credit?

What

special demands does a very you pepulation imposs on a community?

Explain what is meant by a perfect market. Mention the FOUR most important factors whic determine the location of industry.

(c) What are the FOR chief advantages of the joint

stock comp

3. (a) Plover Cove has a large storage area, but on': 8

A small catchment area. How is this problem sob.MAT (b) By 1970 Government hopes to provide sided placea

in Primary schools for all who want them. How will it provide tham?

(c) What work is carried out by the Port Health

Division?

That property is exempted from property tax: What Hong Kong laws are associated with I»LO., and I.C.A.0.?

(a) Give the main functions of the AISQUCITS Counci

and that of the Legislative Council.

(b) What is the difference between the work on vie

rural committees and that of the Heung Yes Kuk? (c) What is the main difference between the final

stages of a trial by judge and jury and a trial magistrate

What is the difference between a Trade Missior and a Trade Fair?

What part is played by a probation officer in the trial of a juvenile offender?

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百四第張四第日三十月二年四己涵夏 WAH KIU YAT PO